Showing papers on "Revised NEO Personality Inventory published in 2018"

Effects of psilocybin therapy on personality structure

Abstract: Objective To explore whether psilocybin with psychological support modulates personality parameters in patients suffering from treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Method Twenty patients with moderate or severe, unipolar, TRD received oral psilocybin (10 and 25 mg, one week apart) in a supportive setting. Personality was assessed at baseline and at 3-month follow-up using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R), the subjective psilocybin experience with Altered State of Consciousness (ASC) scale, and depressive symptoms with QIDS-SR16. Results Neuroticism scores significantly decreased while Extraversion increased following psilocybin therapy. These changes were in the direction of the normative NEO-PI-R data and were both predicted, in an exploratory analysis, by the degree of insightfulness experienced during the psilocybin session. Openness scores also significantly increased following psilocybin, whereas Conscientiousness showed trend-level increases, and Agreeableness did not change. Conclusion Our observation of changes in personality measures after psilocybin therapy was mostly consistent with reports of personality change in relation to conventional antidepressant treatment, although the pronounced increases in Extraversion and Openness might constitute an effect more specific to psychedelic therapy. This needs further exploration in future controlled studies, as do the brain mechanisms of postpsychedelic personality change.

Change in self-reported personality during major depressive disorder treatment: A reanalysis of treatment studies from a demoralization perspective.

Abstract: Change in self-reported personality trait scores (especially Neuroticism and Extraversion) over the course of treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) has been robustly demonstrated. We believe that these observed changes on personality trait scales may reflect reduction in demoralization rather than changes in personality per se. Data were combined from 3 archival samples: a randomized clinical trial and 2 naturalistic follow-up studies. All participants (N = 300) received either psychotherapy or psychopharmacological treatment. Pre- and posttreatment participants were assessed with the revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R), the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD-I7), and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Comparisons were made between "unadjusted" and "adjusted" NEO-PI-R substantive personality trait scales-in which demoralization-related items were removed from their original trait scale (i.e., adjusted NEO-PI-R scales) and also used to form a separate NEO demoralization scale (NEOdem). The NEOdem scale changed more over the course of treatment (d = .41) compared with the adjusted NEO-PI-R scales, which manifested only small changes (d < |.19|). Moreover, the adjusted NEO-PI-R trait scales revealed much smaller changes compared with their unadjusted counterparts. The study provides further support for the utility of distinguishing between demoralization and NEO-PI-R traits in clinical assessment and research. A substantial part of change in self-reported personality during treatment for depression resulted from a reduction in demoralization. (PsycINFO Database Record

Review Study of the Impulsiveness Dimension of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory

Abstract: The present study aimed to review the Impulsivity dimension from Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory (IDCP) as well as to verify its psychometric properties in a non-clinical sample. The procedures were in a 2-stages shape. Step 1 was directed to the development of new items and Step 2 intended for testing the psychometric properties of the revised version. As result of the first step, we selected a set of 38 items. In the second step, the items were tested in a sample of 225 subjects (70.1% females), aging between 18 and 66 years (M = 26.2, SD = 8.1), mostly undergraduate students (58.9%). All subjects answered the IDCP, and the Brazilian versions of both, the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). As result, we obtained a set of 18 items in three interpretable factors, Inconsequence, Risk Taking and Deceitfulness, with internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach’s α) of .89 for the total score. The correlations of the Impulsivity factors with NEO-PI-R and PID-5 revealed consistent and expected relations. The data reveal the adequacy of the new Impulsivity dimension of IDCP.

Normative and Maladaptive Personality Trait Models of Mood, Psychotic, and Substance Use Disorders.

Abstract: The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) is a questionnaire developed to assess the five domains represented in the alternative model for personality disorders proposed in Section III of the DSM-5. This study examined the ability of the PID-5 to distinguish between different mental disorders compared to a questionnaire measure of the five-factor model (FFM) of normative personality. The study included the administration of the PID-5 and Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R), a measure of the FFM, to treatment-seeking individuals with Depressive, Bipolar, Psychotic, and Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD). Diagnostic groups were compared at the domain level of PID-5 and NEO PI-R, with sex and age as covariates. The main findings on the PID-5 included higher Detachment scores for Bipolar and Depressive Disorders than Psychotic and AUDs, lower Psychoticism/higher Disinhibition scores for the AUD group compared to all other groups, and lower Negative Affect for the Psychotic Disorders versus AUD group. On the NEO PI-R, the AUD diagnostic group was associated with lower Conscientiousness and Agreeableness scores compared to all other groups, and lower Neuroticism scores than the Bipolar and Depressive groups. Group pairwise comparisons did not appear to show many differences between the PID-5 and NEO PI-R. The results suggest that the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders may have clinical utility in distinguishing personality profiles between diagnostic groups. These findings emphasize the importance of additional research on the capacity of maladaptive personality to contribute to the assessment of differential diagnoses.

Personality measures after gamma ventral capsulotomy in intractable OCD

Abstract: Background Neurosurgeries such as gamma ventral capsulotomy (GVC) are an option for otherwise intractable obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients. In general, clinical and neuropsychological status both improve after GVC. However, its consequences on personality traits are not well-studied. The objective of this study was to investigate personality changes after one year of GVC in intractable OCD patients. Methods The personality assessment was conducted using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) in 14 intractable OCD patients before and one year after GVC. Comparisons of personality features between treatment responders (n = 5) and non-responders (n = 9) were performed. Multiple linear regression was also used for predicting changes in clinical and global functioning variables. Results Overall, no deleterious effect was found in personality after GVC. Responders had a reduction in neuroticism (p = 0.043) and an increase in extraversion (p = 0.043). No significant changes were observed in non-responders. Increases in novelty seeking and self-directedness, and decreases in persistence and cooperativiness predicted OCD symptom improvement. Similary, improvement in functioning was also predicted by hgher novelty seeking and self-directedness after GVC, whereas better functioning was also associated with lower reward dependence and cooperativeness after surgery. Conclusions The pattern of changes in personality traits after GVC was generally towards that observed in nonclinical population, and does not raise safety concerns.

Evaluating Circumplex Structure in the Interpersonal Scales for the NEO-PI-3

Abstract: Scales to assess the eight octants and two axes of the interpersonal circumplex (IPC) using items from the revised NEO Personality Inventory were introduced by Traupman et al. Item changes in the revised and renormed third edition of the NEO instrument (NEO-PI-3) have affected item content in all eight octant scales, underscoring the need to reexamine the IPC scales. The current study examines the circumplex structure of the revised octant scales in the NEO-PI-3 and their correlations with the Dominance and Warmth scales of the Personality Assessment Inventory in 568 undergraduate students. The data show perfect fit to circumplex structure, suggesting equivalent or better assessment of the IPC with the NEO-PI-3 octant scales. Convergence of the eight octants with the Personality Assessment Inventory interpersonal scales further supports their saturation with interpersonal content and appropriate location within the IPC.

Contribution of the Five Factors of Personality and Peers on Adolescent Alcohol Use: A Cross-National Study

Abstract: Personality characteristics such as extraversion, low agreeableness and low conscientiousness are relevant for alcohol use during adolescence. In addition, having friends who use alcohol is one of the strongest predictors of adolescent alcohol consumption and its negative outcomes. The selection model posits that friends display similar alcohol consumption when their friendships are formed on the basis of common characteristics as, among others, personality. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the mediation role of peers in the association between the five-factor model of personality and adolescent alcohol use in two cultures. One hundred and twenty Scottish and 221 Spanish respondents, all aged 12-15 years, answered the Alcohol Intake Scale (AIS). Adolescents were asked about the alcohol used at the weekend and also about the alcohol consumed by their friends. Scottish adolescents' personality was measured by the NEO Personality Inventory-3 (NEO-PI-3). The Junior Spanish version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (JS NEO) was used to assess personality in the Spanish sample. Low agreeableness and low conscientiousness correlated with own alcohol quantity in both countries. We performed an independent structural equation modeling for each country. Extraversion (β = .205, p < .05) and low agreeableness (β = -.196, p < .01) for Scottish adolescents, and low conscientiousness (β = -.175, p < .05) for Spanish youths, predicted alcohol use through peer alcohol consumption at weekends. These findings support the relevance of personality traits and peer affiliation in relation to alcohol consumption in adolescence.

How Accurate Are National Stereotypes? A Test of Different Methodological Approaches

Abstract: We compared different methodological approaches in research on the accuracy of national stereotypes that use aggregated mean scores of real people's personality traits as criteria for stereotype accuracy. Our sample comprised 16,713 participants from the Central Europe and 1,090 participants from the Baltic Sea region. Participants rated national stereotypes of their own country using the National Character Survey (NCS) and their personality traits using either the Revised NEO Personality Inventory or the NCS. We examined the effects of different (i) methods for rating of real people (Revised NEO Personality Inventory vs. NCS) and national stereotypes (NCS); (ii) norms for converting raw scores into T‐scores (Russian vs. international norms); and (iii) correlation techniques (intraclass correlations vs. Pearson correlations vs. rank‐order correlations) on the resulting agreement between the ratings of national stereotypes and real people. We showed that the accuracy of national stereotypes depended on the employed methodology. The accuracy was the highest when ratings of real people and national stereotypes were made using the same method and when rank order correlations were used to estimate the agreement between national stereotypes and personality profiles of real people. We propose a new statistical procedure for determining national stereotype accuracy that overcomes limitations of past studies. We provide methodological recommendations applicable to a wider range of cross national stereotype accuracy studies.

The Healthy Personality from a Basic Trait Perspective

Abstract: What basic personality traits characterize the psychologically healthy individual? The purpose of this article was to address this question by generating an expert-consensus model of the healthy person in the context of the 30 facets (and 5 domains) of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992) system of traits. In a first set of studies, we found that the healthy personality can be described, with a high level of agreement, in terms of the 30 facets of the NEO-PI-R. High levels of openness to feelings, positive emotions, and straightforwardness, together with low levels on facets of neuroticism, were particularly indicative of healthy personality functioning. The expert-generated healthy personality profile was negatively correlated with profiles of pathological personality functioning and positively correlated with normative personality functioning. In a second set of studies, we matched the NEO-PI-R profiles of over 3,000 individuals from 7 different samples with the expert-generated healthy prototype to yield a healthy personality index. This index was characterized by good retest reliability and cross-rater agreement, high rank-order stability, and substantial heritability. Individuals with high scores on the healthy personality index were psychologically well-adjusted, had high self-esteem, good self-regulatory skills, an optimistic outlook on the world, and a clear and stable self-view. These individuals were low in aggression and meanness, unlikely to exploit others, and were relatively immune to stress and self-sufficient. We discuss the results in the light of their implications for both research and theory on healthy personality functioning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Musical Effect and Personality: The Impacts of Video Game Music on Task Performance of Different Personality Dimensions

Abstract: This study was conducted to examine the effects of video game music on cognitive task performance for individuals scoring high and low on the various personality dimensions as measured with NEO-FFI. The participants of the study consisted of 70 undergraduate psychology students from the age 19 to 37, 18 men (25,7%) and 52 women (74,3%) all students at Reykjavik University. There were two experimental conditions to collect data about the impact of music, silence vs. low volume video-game music. Participants were randomly assigned to either silent condition or musical condition, where they all solved four levels of Stroop test. To gather information about the personality type, participants answered the revised NEO personality inventory that consists of 60 questions. The results showed significant main effect for the Extroversion, and significant interactions for Neuroticism and Agreeableness personality dimensions. Where Neuroticism showed the most significant effects, i.e. Individuals who scored high on neuroticism performed well on all levels of the Stroop test in the silence condition. However, when they were exposed to music, scores were significantly worse compared to those who scored low on neuroticism. There was also a particular trend in the difficulty levels of the Stroop test and the increasing importance of silence for all of the personality dimensions. Keywords: musical effect, personality types, the five-factor inventory, Stroop effect, task performance, focus, attention; Rannsoknin var framkvaemd til að kanna ahrif tolvuleikjatonlistar a hugraena faerni mismunandi personuleika við urlausn taugasalfraeðilegs verkefnis. Urtakið innihelt 70 þatttakendur, allt nemendur við Haksolann i Reykjavik. Alls voru 18 karlkyns þatttakendur og 52 kvennkyns þatttakendur. Það voru tvennskonar rannsoknaraðstaeður til þess að safna gognum um ahrif tonlistar, þ.e. þogn vs. lagt stillt tolvuleikjatonlist. Þatttakendum var handahofskennt skipt i aðstaeður, þar sem þeir leystu fjorar gerðir af Stroop profi. Gagnasofnun fyrir personuleikagerð var safnað með NEO personuleikaprofi, sem inniheldur 60 spurningar. Niðurstoður rannsoknarinnar sýndu marktaek meginhrif meðal uthverfu (e. extraversion) og Stroop. Asamt marktaekum samvirknihrifum meðal taugaveiklunar (e. neuroticism), Stroop og rannsoknaraðstaeðna; og samvinnuþýði (e. agreeableness) og Stroop. Personuleikaviddin taugaveiklun var hvað mest markverðust, þar sem einstaklingar sem skoruðu hatt a þeirri vidd stoðu sig betur a ollum gerðum af Stroop i þogn a miðað við þa sem skoruðu lagt. Hinsvegar, þegar kom að tonlistaraðstaeðum, þa stoðu þeir sem skoruðu hatt i taugaveiklun sig toluvert verr heldur en þeir sem skoruðu lagt i taugaveiklun.