Showing papers on "Revised NEO Personality Inventory published in 2019"

Using Item Response Theory to Develop a 60-Item Representation of the NEO PI–R Using the International Personality Item Pool: Development of the IPIP–NEO–60

Abstract: Given advantages of freely available and modifiable measures, an increase in the use of measures developed from the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP), including the 300-item representation of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI–R; Costa & McCrae, 1992a) has occurred. The focus of this study was to use item response theory to develop a 60-item, IPIP-based measure of the Five-Factor Model (FFM) that provides equal representation of the FFM facets and to test the reliability and convergent and criterion validity of this measure compared to the NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). In an undergraduate sample (n = 359), scores from the NEO-FFI and IPIP–NEO–60 demonstrated good reliability and convergent validity with the NEO PI–R and IPIP–NEO–300. Additionally, across criterion variables in the undergraduate sample as well as a community-based sample (n = 757), the NEO-FFI and IPIP–NEO–60 demonstrated similar nomological networks across a wide range of external variables (rICC = .96)....

A Multicentre Study of Burnout Prevalence and Related Psychological Variables in Medical Area Hospital Nurses

Abstract: Background: Nursing burnout is an important problem that affects nurses’ wellness, the quality of care and the health institutions. Study aims were to estimate levels of burnout; to determine the phase of burnout experienced by nurses in the medical area; to analyse the relationship between burnout and personality and psychological factors. Methods: Quantitative, cross-sectional, multicentre study. Hospitals from eight cities were included. The study sample was n = 301 nurses, working in the medical area of hospitals in the Andalusian Health Service during the second semester of 2017. Sociodemographic, occupational and personality variables were studied using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory together with the Educational-Clinical Questionnaire: Anxiety and Depression, and burnout was measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results: Almost 40% of the nurses presented high levels of burnout. The three burnouts (emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and personal accomplishment) presented statistically significant correlations with the personality factors of neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness, and also with the scores recorded for anxiety and depression. Multiple linear regression models showed agreeableness and depression to be statistically significant predictors of all dimensions of the syndrome. Conclusion: Hospital nurses working in the medical area in Andalusia experience high levels of burnout.

Are reflective models appropriate for very short scales? Proofs of concept of formative models using the Ten-Item Personality Inventory.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE Because of their length and objective of broad content coverage, very short scales can show limited internal consistency and structural validity. We argue that it is because their objectives may be better aligned with formative investigations than with reflective measurement methods that capitalize on content overlap. As proofs of concept of formative investigations of short scales, we investigate the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI). METHOD In Study 1, we administered the TIPI and the Big Five Inventory (BFI) to 938 adults and fitted a formative Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes model, which consisted of the TIPI items forming five latent variables, which in turn predicted the five BFI scores. These results were replicated in Study 2 on a sample of 759 adults, but this time with the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) as the external criterion. RESULTS The models fit the data adequately, and moderate to strong significant effects (.37 < |β| < .69, all ps < .001) of all five latent formative variables on their corresponding BFI and NEO-PI-R scores were observed. CONCLUSIONS This study presents a formative approach that we propose to be more consistent with the aims of scales with broad content and short length like the TIPI.

Source method biases as implicit personality theory at the domain and facet levels.

Abstract: Objective We tested predictions about the structure and magnitude of method biases in single‐source personality trait assessments. We expected a large number of distinct biases that would parallel the observed structure of traits, at both facet and item levels. Method We analyzed multimethod ratings on the Estonian NEO Personality Inventory‐3 in a sample of 3,214 adults. By subtracting informant ratings from self‐reports, we eliminated true score variance and analyzed the size and structure of the residual method biases. We replicated analyses using data (N = 709) from the Czech Revised NEO Personality Inventory. Results The magnitude of method biases was consistent with predictions by McCrae (2018, Psychological Assessment). Factor analyses at the facet level showed a clear replication of the normative Five‐Factor Model structure in both samples. Item factor analyses within domains showed that facet‐level method biases mimicked the facet structure of the instrument. Conclusions Method biases apparently reflect implicit personality theory (IPT)—beliefs about how traits and trait indicators covary. We discuss the (collective) accuracy and possible origins of IPT. Because method biases limit the accuracy of single‐source assessments, we recommend assessments that combine information from two or more informants.

Neuroanatomical correlates of extraversion: a test-retest study implicating gray matter volume in the caudate nucleus.

Abstract: Extraversion is a propensity for optimism, positive emotion, and sociability. Many studies have explored the brain correlates of extraversion, and the results have mainly emphasized the role of reward-related brain regions. However, it is unclear whether imaging studies of the brain's reward system can show good test-retest reliability. We aim to investigate the neuroanatomical correlates of extraversion and to examine the test-retest reliability of the results. Voxel-based morphometry derived from MRI and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory were performed in a sample of 382 subjects (dataset 1), and multiple regression was used to analyze the relation between regional gray matter volume (GMV) and extraversion scores. We found that bilateral GMV in the caudate region was positively associated with extraversion. Two years later, 133 subjects from dataset 1 were re-examined with MRI and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory. A conjunction analysis showed that the body of left caudate nucleus was consistently associated with extraversion. The bilateral GMV of the caudate nucleus, which may be related to sensitivity to rewards, may be a critical brain structure underlying extraverted behavior. This study is the first to use two different time points to assess the consistency of the association of brain structures with extraversion.

Cross-validation of the demoralization construct in the Revised NEO Personality Inventory.

Abstract: Demoralization is defined as a pervasive, generalized negative emotional construct present in psychiatric disorders and a variety of medical conditions. Demoralization is also conceptualized as a ubiquitous affective-laden factor common to most forms of psychopathology that increases the magnitude of intercorrelations among putatively distinct psychiatric symptom scales (Tellegen, 1985). Using exploratory structural equation modeling to identify common variance across the revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R), a measure of the five-factor model of personality, Noordhof, Sellbom, Eigenhuis, and Kamphuis (2015) constructed an 18-item Demoralization subscale in a Dutch-speaking sample of patients attending a clinic for personality disorders in the Netherlands. In the current study we sought to cross-validate these findings in an English-speaking and diagnostically heterogeneous sample of psychiatric patients (N = 1930) receiving consultation or treatment at a large mental health and addiction center in Canada. Our results support the construct validity of the Demoralization subscale and its capacity to account for demoralization-related variance in the NEO PI-R. We believe these findings support the general tenets of demoralization and the presence of this construct in the NEO PI-R item pool. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Behavioral genetics foundations of relations between personality traits and satisfaction with life

Abstract: The long-term stability of subjective wellbeing has directed an attention to stable dispositions as the probable source of individual differences in the satisfaction with life (SWL). The main objective of this study was to examine the extent of genetic overlap between SWL and personality traits of the five-factor model (FFM). The sample consisted of 121 monozygotic and 61 dizygotic twin pairs (the average age was 24.59, SD = 7.11). Satisfaction with Life Scale and The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PIR) were applied. Multivariate genetic modeling was performed. The results show the most appropriate fit indices for Independent AE model(χ²/df = 1.41, CFI = .92, TLI = .91, RMSEA = .07, AIC = 17400.81, BIC = 17558.68, SRMR = .10). SWL and all NEOPI- R personality traits have a moderate to strong genetic bases, while the common genetic influences for SWL are 40%. The results show that unique environmental contributions are moderate to strong (from 61% for Neuroticism, 41% for SWL, to 23% for Conscientiousness). Genetically driven tendency common to Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Conscientiousness, underlines individual differences in SWL, and therefore a cognitive evaluation of SWL seems to be substantially based on emotional tendencies encompassed by the FFM. Also, SWL appears to be uniquely environmentally influenced, which implies benefits of wellbeing interventions through the process of learning or adopting a different life philosophy.

Structural Correlates of Personality Dimensions in Healthy Aging and MCI

Abstract: The revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEOPI-R), popularly known as the five-factor model, defines five personality factors: Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. The structural correlates of these personality factors are still a matter of debate. In this work, we examine the impact of subtle cognitive deficits on structural substrates of personality in the elderly using DTI derived white matter (WM) integrity measure, Fractional Anisotropy (FA). We employed canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to study the relationship between personality factors of the NEOPI-R and FA measures in two population groups: healthy controls and MCI. Agreeableness was the only personality factor to be associated with FA patterns in both groups. Openness was significantly related to FA data in the MCI group and the inverse was true for Conscientiousness. Furthermore, we generated saliency maps using bootstrapping strategy which revealed a larger number of positive correlations in healthy aging in contrast to the MCI status. The MCI group was found to be associated with a predominance of negative correlations indicating that higher Agreeableness and Openness scores were mostly related to lower FA values in interhemispheric and cortico-spinal tracts and a limited number of higher FA values in cortico-cortical and cortico-subcortical connection. Altogether these findings support the idea that WM microstructure may represent a valid correlate of personality dimensions and also indicate that the presence of early cognitive deficits led to substantial changes in the associations between WM integrity and personality factors.

Personality as a Predictor of Treatment Response to Escitalopram in Adults With Body Dysmorphic Disorder.

Abstract: Objective Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) are the first-line pharmacotherapy for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), a common and severe disorder. However, predictors and correlates of treatment response are not well understood. A closer examination of baseline personality dimensions and disorders and of changes in personality during SRI treatment is needed to advance knowledge of this clinically important issue. Method We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a pharmacotherapy relapse prevention trial of the SRI escitalopram in adults with BDD to examine personality dimensions and traits, as well as whether these variables predict and correlate with treatment response. A total of 65 participants with BDD completed the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) before starting open-label treatment with escitalopram and 42 participants completed the NEO PI-R after treatment. Results At baseline, participants with BDD displayed higher levels of neuroticism and lower levels of extraversion than a normed reference group. Higher baseline neuroticism was a significant predictor of nonresponse to escitalopram treatment, even when baseline depression severity was controlled for. Changes in neuroticism were not associated with treatment response. Conclusion Our findings underscore the relationship between BDD and neuroticism, and they suggest a link between neuroticism and SRI treatment response.

Personality Measurement and Profile in a European Sample of Civil Airline Pilots

Abstract: . The study examined the psychometric properties of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R, UK edition) in a large European sample of civil airline pilots. The NEO PI-R is a comprehensive and robust measure of personality that has been validated across cultures and contexts. Furthermore, the personality profile of the pilot sample was examined and compared to a normative sample representing the UK working population. Data from 591 pilots (95.1% male) were collected. Analyses include the internal reliability and factorial validity (precisely, Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling) to examine the measurement equivalence of the NEO PI-R with reference to UK norms (N = 1,301). Internal reliability estimates of the NEO PI-R scores were good at the domain level, but generally weak at the facet level. The structural model in the pilot sample was congruent with the general working population sample. Furthermore, there was convincing evidence for a distinct personality profile of civil pilots, ...

Simulating Personality and Cultural Aspects in Crowds

Abstract: In this chapter we present an approach to simulate pedestrian behaviors using personality and cultural aspects in crowd simulation. Initially we show some complementary investigations regarding FD patterns obtained in crowd simulations. Section 11.1 describes how we use two different simulation environments well known in crowd simulation area: BioCrowds and ORCA to reproduce patterns of FD (Chattaraj et al., Adv Complex Syst 12(3):393–405, 2009) in crowds. Next, in Sect. 11.2, we show how we use OCEAN (Costa et al. Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Psychological Assessment Resources, https://books.google.co.in/books?id=mp3zNwAACAAJ, 1992) as an input to simulate pedestrian behaviors. Finally, Sect. 11.3 describes how we use the Cultural Dimensions of Hofstede (Cultures and organizations: software of the mind, vol 2. London: McGraw-Hill, London 1991) to generate crowd simulation.

Drug usage duration classification using Extreme Learning Machine based on personality features

Abstract: Determining the duration of drug consumption is essential for the success of treatment for drug abuse since the effectivity of such a program depends on the duration of the treatment. One promising set of features to identify the duration of drug consumption is personality features called Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R). In this paper, the Extreme Learning Machine model is employed to perform the classification. The model is trained and tested using 10- fold mechanism to verify the effectivity of the classification. The accuracy of the classifier differs, depending on the type of drug, with the maximum accuracy of 86.31% and the minimum one of 36.65%.

[personality in euthymic bipolar patients as measured by self-report instruments].

Abstract: INTRODUCTION Simple logic would suggest that there should be some endophenotype for bipolar disorder. Possible endophenotypes could include specific variations in personality. Bagby and Ryder summarized the work up to that point by noting that the related personality traits of high neuroticism and harm avoidance seem to be associated with bipolar disorder as well as with unipolar depression, whereas higher novelty seeking may be associated only with bipolar patients. As these parameters are all very sensitive to the affective state, it is critical to examine the literature that pertains specifically to euthymic patients in order to evaluate the extent to which this signifies underlying personality (trait), and not primarily clinical status (state). Several important studies have been published since the Bagby and Ryder paper, which we review here. We restrict our current review to empirical studies which employed both adequate samples of euthymic (to minimize the state/trait dilemma) bipolar patients as well as healthy comparison subjects. This paper is restricted to frequently used explicit measures of personality - that is, self-report questionnaires: the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) based on Cloninger's psychobiological theory of temperament and character, the Revised NEO Personality Inventory based on the five-factor model of Costa & McCrae, and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) (23). No single dimension of 'personality' reviewed would qualify as a psychological marker for a bipolar disorder. Earlier findings as reviewed by Bagby and Ryder, of higher novelty seeking, were not replicated in these studies. Of the personality traits considered, the most promising candidate for marker or endophenotype would seem to be "impulsivity" as measured by the BIS-II.

[Personality traits of Japanese patients with focal dystonia-Variable classification by affected body part and occupation].

Abstract: We administered the Revised Neo Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) to 92 Japanese patients with focal dystonia and analyzed the relation of their personality traits, affected body parts, and occupations using a decision tree method. Results show that participants' personality traits were related to their occupation rather than the body part. Occupational dystonia patients including musicians exhibited neurotic tendencies and a high level of anxiety. Moreover, patients with occupational upper limb dystonia had realistic thinking patterns. Patients with musicians' dystonia were open about their emotional experiences: both positive and negative.