scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers on "Rice bran oil published in 2009"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, both edible (coconut oil, palm oil, groundnut oil, and rice bran oil) and non-edible oils (pongamia, neem and cotton seed oil) were used to optimize the biodiesel production process variables like catalyst concentration, amount of methanol required for reaction, reaction time and reaction temperature.

341 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Substances related to squalene, including β-carotene, coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) and vitamins A, E, and K, are included in this review article to introduce their benefits to skin physiology.
Abstract: Squalene is a triterpene that is an intermediate in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. It was so named because of its occurrence in shark liver oil, which contains large quantities and is considered its richest source. However, it is widely distributed in nature, with reasonable amounts found in olive oil, palm oil, wheat-germ oil, amaranth oil, and rice bran oil. Squalene, the main component of skin surface polyunsaturated lipids, shows some advantages for the skin as an emollient and antioxidant, and for hydration and its antitumor activities. It is also used as a material in topically applied vehicles such as lipid emulsions and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). Substances related to squalene, including β-carotene, coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) and vitamins A, E, and K, are also included in this review article to introduce their benefits to skin physiology. We summarize investigations performed in previous reports from both in vitro and in vivo models.

331 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported on the successfully production of biodiesel by transesterification of crude rice bran oil (RBO) by three-step process, which included two-steps pretreatment process in the presence of sulfuric acid catalyst.

283 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the thermal behavior, crystal structure, and crystal morphology of rice bran wax (RBX) in bulk and oil-wax mixtures, and to compare them with those of carnauba wax (CRX) and candellila wax (CLX), were examined.
Abstract: Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical microscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to examine the thermal behavior, crystal structure, and crystal morphology of rice bran wax (RBX) in bulk and oil–wax mixtures, and to compare them with those of carnauba wax (CRX) and candellila wax (CLX). The RBX employed in the present study was separated from rice bran oil by winterization, filtration, refinement, bleaching, and deodorization. The RBX crystals melted in the bulk state at 77–79 °C with ΔH melting = 190.5 J/g, which is quite large compared with CLX (129 J/g) and CRX (137.6 J/g). XRD data of the RBX crystals revealed O⊥ subcell packing and a long spacing value of 6.9 nm. Thin long needle-shaped crystals were observed in the mixtures of RBX and liquid oils [olive oil and salad oil (canola:soy bean oil = 50:50)]; therefore, the dispersion of RBX crystals in these liquid oils was much finer than that of CRX and CLX crystals. Organogels formed when the mixture of every plant wax and liquid oil was melted at elevated temperature and cooled to ambient temperature. However, the mixture of RBX and olive oil at a concentration ratio of 1:99 wt.% formed an organogel at 20 °C, whereas the lowest concentration necessary for CRX to form an organogel in olive oil was 4 wt.% and that for CLX was 2 wt.%. Observation of the rate of gel formation using DSC and viscosity measurements indicated that the gel structure formed soon after RBX crystallized, whereas a time delay was observed between the organogel formation and wax crystallization of CRX and CLX. These results demonstrate RBX’s good organogel-forming properties, mostly because of its fine dispersion of long needle like crystals in liquid oil phases.

241 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review focusing on the 2003-2008 period, where an average of 13-14 references per year were published as mentioned in this paper, however, some relevant work reported during the 1998-2002 period is also briefly commented upon.

231 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that combining coconut oil with other vegetable oils provides medium chain fatty acids and oxidative stability to the blends, while coconut oil will be enriched with polyunsaturates, monounsaturates and natural antioxidants.
Abstract: Coconut (Cocos nucifera) contains 55–65% oil, having C12:0 as the major fatty acid. Coconut oil has >90% saturates and is deficient in monounsaturates (6%), polyunsaturates (1%), and total tocopherols (29 mg/kg). However, coconut oil contains medium chain fatty acids (58%), which are easily absorbed into the body. Therefore, blends of coconut oil (20–80% incorporation of coconut oil) with other vegetable oils (i.e. palm, rice bran, sesame, mustard, sunflower, groundnut, safflower, and soybean) were prepared. Consequently, seven blends prepared for coconut oil consumers contained improved amounts of monounsaturates (8–36%, p < 0.03), polyunsaturates (4–35%, p < 0.03), total tocopherols (111–582 mg/kg, p < 0.02), and 5–33% (p < 0.02) of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals) scavenging activity. In addition, seven blends prepared for non-coconut oil consumers contained 11–13% of medium chain fatty acids. Coconut oil + sunflower oil and coconut oil + rice bran oil blends also exhibited 36.7–89.7% (p < 0.0005) and 66.4–80.5% (p < 0.0313) reductions in peroxide formation in comparison to the individual sunflower oil and rice bran oil, respectively. It was concluded that blending coconut oil with other vegetable oils provides medium chain fatty acids and oxidative stability to the blends, while coconut oil will be enriched with polyunsaturates, monounsaturates, natural antioxidants, and a greater radical scavenging activity.

127 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Jianli Zeng1, Xiaodong Wang1, Bing Zhao1, Jingcan Sun1, Yuchun Wang1 
TL;DR: In this paper, a rapid in situ transesterification process of sunflower oil with methanol assisted by diethoxymethane (DEM) is described, where DEM served as both extraction solvent and reaction promoter in the process.
Abstract: A rapid in situ transesterification process of sunflower oil with methanol assisted by diethoxymethane (DEM) is described in this article. DEM served as both extraction solvent and reaction promoter in the process. The effects of moisture content of sunflower seeds, catalyst category, molar ratio of catalyst/oil, molar ratio of methanol/oil, molar ratio of DEM/oil, reaction time, reaction temperature, and agitation speed on the in situ transesterification were investigated. The most important factors which influenced the crude biodiesel yield, free fatty acid (FFA) content, and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) purity were the molar ratio of DEM/oil, molar ratio of catalyst/oil, and molar ratio of catalyst/oil, respectively. An empirical model of the rapid in situ transesterification process was established and used to determine the optimal reaction conditions. When the in situ transesterification was carried out at the molar ratio of catalyst/oil of 0.5:1, the molar ratio of methanol/oil of 101.39:1, the molar ratio of DEM/oil of 57.85:1, the agitation speed of 150 rpm, and reaction temperature of 20 degrees C, a product containing 97.7% FAME and 0.74% FFA was obtained within 13 min.

100 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this study, production of biodiesel from low cost raw materials, such as Rice bran and dewaxed-degummed rice bran oil (DDRBO) under supercritical condition was carried out and trans-FAMEs, which constituted about 16% of biod diesel, were found.

96 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors applied sub-critical water as a green solvent for rice bran and extraction of its oil in order to obtain value-added materials, such as amino acids, organic acids, and water-soluble saccharides.

96 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to optimize four transesterification reaction variables: methanol-to-oil molar ratio (3:1-12:1), catalyst (NaOCH3) concentration (0.5-1.25 wt% in relation to oil mass), reaction temperature (45-65 °C) and reaction time (30-90 min) at two levels (24 experimental design) to produce rice bran oil methyl esters (RBOME
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Response surface methodology (RSM), based on central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was used to optimize four transesterification reaction variables: methanol-to-oil molar ratio (3:1–12:1), catalyst (NaOCH3) concentration (0.5–1.25 wt% in relation to oil mass), reaction temperature (45–65 °C) and reaction time (30–90 min) at two levels (24 experimental design) to produce rice bran oil methyl esters (RBOME). RESULTS: The molar ratio of methanol to oil and reaction temperatures were the most significant (P < 0.01) factors affecting the yield of RBOME. A linear relationship was found between the observed and predicted values (R2 = 0.9520). Using multiple regression analysis a quadratic polynomial equation was established for methyl ester yield. The quadratic term of catalyst concentration showed a significant (P < 0.01) effect on esters yield. The interaction terms of methanol to oil molar ratio and catalyst concentration with reaction time exhibited a positive effect on the methyl esters yield (P < 0.05). The optimum reaction conditions for transesterification of rice bran oil were 7.5:1 methanol-to-oil ratio, 0.88% catalyst concentration, 55 °C reaction temperature and 60 min reaction time, resulting in a RBOME yield of 83.3%. Gas chromatographic analysis of RBOME produced in the present experiment revealed linoleic, oleic, palmitic and stearic acids to be the major fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). CONCLUSION: RSM was found to be a suitable technique for optimizing transesterification of rice bran oil. Fuel properties of RBOME as measured according to accepted methods were found to satisfy almost all prescribed ASTM (D 6751) and EN 14214 specifications. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry

86 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, aqueous extraction of rice bran oil from rice brans available in Sri Lanka, was studied and several methods of bran stabilization were tested and the results were analyzed.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: RBO may improve lipid abnormalities, reduce the atherogenic index, and suppress the hyperinsulinemic response in rats with streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus and can lead to increased fecal neutral sterol and bile acid excretion.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of rice bran oil (RBO) on lipid metabolism and insulin resistance in rats with streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Rats were divided into two groups: the control group (15% soybean oil, contains 0 g γ-oryzanol and 0 g γ-tocotrienol/150 g oil for 5 weeks) and the RBO group (15% RBO, contains 5.25 g γ-oryzanol and 0.9 g γ-tocotrienol/150 g oil for 5 weeks). Compared with the control group, the RBO group had a lower plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentration, ratio of total to high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, hepatic cholesterol concentration, and area under the curve for insulin. The RBO group had a higher high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and greater excretion of fecal neutral sterols and bile acid than did the control group. RBO may improve lipid abnormalities, reduce the atherogenic index, and suppress the hyperinsulinemic response in rats with streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced T2DM. In addition, RBO can lead to increased fecal neutral sterol and bile acid excretion.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance, exhaust emission and combustion characteristics of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine, typically used in agricultural sector, over the entire load range when fuelled with rice bran oil and diesel fuel blends, RB10 (10% rice brans oil + 90% diesel fuel) to RB50.
Abstract: Triglycerides and their derivatives are considered as viable alternatives for diesel fuels. Rice bran oil is used as diesel fuel. Highly viscous rice bran oil can be reduced by blending it with diesel fuel. The present research is aimed to investigate experimentally the performance, exhaust emission and combustion characteristics of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine, typically used in agricultural sector, over the entire load range when fuelled with rice bran oil and diesel fuel blends, RB10 (10% rice bran oil + 90% diesel fuel) to RB50. The performance, emission and combustion parameters of RB20 were found to be very close to neat diesel fuel (ND). The injector opening pressure (IOP) undoubtedly is of prime importance in diesel engine operation. Performance, emission and combustion characteristics with RB30 at enhanced IOPs are better than ND. Improved premixed heat release rate were noticed with RB30 when the IOP is enhanced. Keywords—Rice bran oil, injector opening pressure, performance, emissions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the ability of antioxidant agents to improve the performance of a rice bran oil-based structured lipid (RBOSL) consisting of caprylic acid, which was purified by short-path distillation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Four out of eight ‘healthier’ oils—namely, almond oil, avocado oil, hazelnut oil and macadamia nut oil—studied were rich sources of monounsaturated fatty acids like olive oil, while Grape seed oil, rice barn oil and walnut oil contained high levels of essential fatty acids.
Abstract: Four out of eight 'healthier' oils-namely, almond oil, avocado oil, hazelnut oil and macadamia nut oil-studied were rich sources of monounsaturated fatty acids like olive oil. Grape seed oil, rice barn oil (marketed recently), toasted sesame oil and walnut oil contained high levels of essential fatty acids. The order of oxidative stability determined by Rancimat measuring of the induction period at four temperatures (90 degrees C, 100 degrees C, 110 degrees C, and 120 degrees C) was found to be macadamia oil > rice bran oil approximately toasted sesame oil > avocado oil > almond oil > hazelnut oil > grape seed oil > walnut oil. High-level monounsaturated fatty acid oils gave a linear relationship between 100 times the reciprocal of the induction period against the total unsaturated fatty acid content obtained as %C18:2 + 0.08 x C18:1 + 2.08 x %C18:3, while the polyunsaturated fatty acid oils gave an exponential relationship. In the case of rice bran and hazelnut oils, shelf-life prediction from the extrapolation of the Arrhenius plots and the Q(10) factors was compared well with that of storage time given by the oil producers. In the cases of the other oils (with an exception of macadamia nut oil), the predicted shelf-lives were significantly lower than that of the storage times; especially, walnut oil (very prone to oxidation) gave 15-20 times lower shelf-life than the best-before storage life.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Under optimal operation conditions, oryzanol with purity and recovery of 93-95% and 59%, respectively, was obtained from RBO with an initial FFA content of ca.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a sub-critical water treatment was carried out in the temperature range between 120 and 240 °C for 10 and/or 20 min residence time in a batch reactor.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The objective of this study has been to evaluate the stability of alpha-, (gamma+beta)-, and delta-tocopherols in rice bran oil chemically refined submitted to heating in a heater without air circulation and shielded from light, at temperatures of 100 degrees C and 180 degrees C.
Abstract: The objective of this study has been to evaluate the stability of alpha-, (gamma+beta)-, and delta-tocopherols in rice bran oil chemically refined submitted to heating in a heater without air circulation and shielded from light, at temperatures of 100 degrees C and 180 degrees C. The collection of samples took place after 48, 96, 144, 192, 240, 336, and 432 h of heating and were stored in amber-colored flasks and frozen (-18 degrees C). The analyses of tocopherols took place in accordance with the method by Chen and Bergman (2005), with slight modifications, utilizing a system of high efficiency system of liquid chromatography. It was observed that the alpha-tocopherol is present at higher concentration in rice bran oil (328.4 mg/kg), followed by (gamma+beta)-tocopherol (99.1 mg/kg), and delta-tocopherol (7.7 mg/kg). The alpha-tocopherol in rice bran oil submitted to 100 degrees C showed a reduction of 28.65% at the end of 432 h of heating whereas when submitted to 180 degrees C temperature; its reduction was of 100% at the end of 240 h of heating. The contents of (gamma+beta)- and delta-tocopherol in rice bran oil at the end of 432 h of heating at 100 degrees C was of 79.9 and 6.4 mg/100 g, respectively.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, nonporous membrane has been evaluated for simultaneous degumming, decolorizing and dewaxing crude rice bran oil (CRBO) in both industrial and laboratory-prepared samples.

Book
01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: Introduction Olive Oil Avocado Oil Tree Nut Oils Flax, Perilla, and Camelina Seed Oils: alpha-Linolenic Acid-Rich Oils Hempseed Oil Berry Seed and Grapeseed Oils Borage, Evening Primrose, Blackcurrant, and Fungal Oils.
Abstract: Introduction Olive Oil Avocado Oil Tree Nut Oils Flax, Perilla, and Camelina Seed Oils: alpha-Linolenic Acid-Rich Oils Hempseed Oil Berry Seed and Grapeseed Oils Borage, Evening Primrose, Blackcurrant, and Fungal Oils: Y-Linolenic Acid-Rich Oils Sesame Seed Oil Niger Seed Oil Nigella (Black Cumin) Seed Oil Camellia Oil and Tea Oil Pumpkin Seed Oil Wheat Germ Oil Rice Bran Oil Corn Kernal Oil and Corn Fiber Oil Oat Oil Barley Oil Parsley, Carrot, and Onion Seed Oils Algal Oils Fish Oils Butter, Butter Oil, and Gh

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Trans-free hard fat stock, which may have a potential functionality could be produced with various physical properties, and was softer than the physical blend but slightly harder than commercial shortenings as measured by texture analyzer.
Abstract: Rice bran oil (RBO) was fractionated into 2 phases, solid (S-RBO) and liquid (L-RBO), using acetone at -18 degrees C and the weight yield of each S-RBO and L-RBO was 45.5% and 54.5%, respectively. Then, trans-free hard fat was synthesized from trans-free substrate of S-RBO and fully hydrogenated soybean oil (FHSBO) at different molar ratios (S-RBO : FHSBO; 1 : 1, 1 : 1.5, 1 : 2, and 1 : 3) with Lipozyme TL IM lipase (10% of total substrate). Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA, 20% of total substrate) was used as functional fatty acids for the production of trans-free hard fat. After fatty acid analysis, CLA (12.2% to 14.2%) was found on the triacylglycerol (TAG) backbone of the interesterified products along with stearic (37.6% to 49%), palmitic (15% to 17.9%), and oleic acids (13.3% to 19.2%). The interesterified product contained higher level of saturated fatty acid (62.6% to 70.1%) at sn-2 position. Total tocopherols (alpha-, gamma-, and delta-; 1.4 to 2.6 mg/100 g) and phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol, and beta-sitosterol; 220.5 to 362.7 mg/100 g) were found in the interesterified products. From DSC results, solid fat contents of the interesterified products (S-RBO : FHSBO 1 : 1, 1 : 1.5, 1 : 2, and 1 : 3) at 25 degrees C were 23.1%, 27%, 30.1%, and 44.9%. The interesterified products consisted mostly of beta' form crystal with a small portion of beta form. The interesterified product (S-RBO : FHSBO 1 : 1.5) was softer than the physical blend but slightly harder than commercial shortenings as measured by texture analyzer. Thus, trans-free hard fat stock, which may have a potential functionality could be produced with various physical properties.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of sesame oil (SEO) and rice bran oil (RBO) on the rancidity of canola oil (CAO) during the process of frying potato pieces at 180 °C was investigated.
Abstract: In this study, the effect of sesame oil (SEO) and rice bran oil (RBO) on the rancidity of canola oil (CAO) during the process of frying potato pieces at 180 °C was investigated. The SEO and RBO were added to the CAO at levels of 3 and 6%. Frying stability of the oil samples during the frying process was measured on the basis of total polar compounds (TPC) content, conjugated diene value (CDV), acid value (AV), and carbonyl value (CV). In general, frying stability of the CAO significantly (P < 0.05) improved in the presence of the SEO and RBO. The positive effect of the SEO on the stability of the CAO was more than that of the RBO. Increasing the amounts of SEO and RBO from 3 to 6% led to decreases in the TPC and AV, and increases in the CDV and CV of the CAO during the frying process. The best frying performance for the CAO was obtained by use of 3% of both SEO and RBO together (CAO/SEO/RBO, 94:3:3 w/w/w).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the catalytic activity order of the M/MgAl oxides in the transesterification of glyceryl tributyrate (a model triglyceride) with methanol was found to be Cs > Ba ≈ Sr > La.
Abstract: Both MgAl and Mg(Al)La hydrotalcites were synthesized by an alkali-free coprecipitation method and calcined to their corresponding oxides. MgAl oxide was impregnated with different kinds of metals (M = Cs, Sr, Ba, and La). All materials were characterized by the XRD, FT-IR, BET, NH3 TPD, and SEM techniques. The catalytic activity order of the M/MgAl oxides in the transesterification of glyceryl tributyrate (a model triglyceride) with methanol was found to be Cs > Ba ≈ Sr > La. The Mg(Al)La hydrotalcite that was calcined and then rehydrated contains Bronsted base sites, exhibiting higher activity than the calcined sample with Lewis base sites. In the preparation of biodiesel from rice bran oil via a two-step catalyzed process, crude rice bran oil (11.14% FFAs) was first dewaxed/degummed and then esterified using silica-supported heteropolyacid H3PW12O40. FFAs were decreased to 0.98% at 70 °C in 4 h. This oil was then transesterified with methanol using the rehydrated Mg(Al)La hydrotalcites. At a temperatur...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an interesterification reaction using lipase was used to randomize the fatty acid distribution on the glycerol molecule, resulting in the exchange of fatty acids within and between the triacylglycerol molecules.
Abstract: Blended oils were prepared by mixing appropriate amounts of coconut oil (CNO) or palm oil (PO) with rice bran oil (RBO) or sesame oil (SESO) to get approximately equal proportions of saturated/monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fatty acids in the oil. These blended oils were subjected to interesterification reactions using lipase to randomize the fatty acid distribution on the glycerol molecule. The fatty acid compositions of the modified oils were evaluated by gas chromatography while changes in triacylglycerol molecular species were followed by HPLC. The triacylglycerol molecular species of the blended oils reflected those present in the parent oil. Interesterification of the blended oils resulted in the exchange of fatty acids within and between the triacylglycerol molecules, resulting in alterations in the existing triacylglycerol molecules. Emergence of new triacylglycerol molecular species following interesterification was also observed. The thermal profiles of the native, blended and interesterified oils were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Thermal behaviour, melting and crystallization properties of the modified oils showed significant changes reflecting the changes in the triacylglycerol molecules present in the oil. Therefore, interesterification of oils introduces significant changes in the physical properties of oils, even though the overall fatty acid composition of blended and interesterified oils remains the same.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A simple and accurate determination method for gamma -Oryzanol content in 12 kinds of crude rice bran oils obtained from different sources were determined by the four methods.
Abstract: Although there are various determination methods for gamma -oryzanol contained in rice bran oil by absorptiometry, normal-phase HPLC, and reversed-phase HPLC, their accuracies and the correlations among them have not been revealed yet. Chloroform-containing mixed solvents are widely used as mobile phases in some HPLC methods, but researchers have been apprehensive about its use in terms of safety for the human body and the environment.In the present study, a simple and accurate determination method was developed by improving the reversed-phase HPLC method. This novel HPLC method uses methanol/acetonitrile/acetic acid (52/45/3 v/v/v), a non-chlorinated solvent, as the mobile phase, and shows an excellent linearity (y = 0.9527x + 0.1241, R(2) = 0.9974) with absorptiometry. The mean relative errors among the existing 3 methods and the novel method, determined by adding fixed amounts of gamma-oryzanol into refined rice salad oil, were -4.7% for the absorptiometry, -6.8% for the existing normal-phase HPLC, +4.6% for the existing reversed-phase HPLC, and -1.6% for the novel reversed-phase HPLC method. gamma -Oryzanol content in 12 kinds of crude rice bran oils obtained from different sources were determined by the four methods. The mean content of those oils were 1.75+/-0.18% for the absorptiometry, 1.29+/-0.11% for the existing normal-phase HPLC, 1.51+/-0.10% for the existing reversed-phase HPLC, and 1.54+/-0.19% for the novel reversed-phase HPLC method.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results for the RBO/PO mixture suggest that this oil mixture might further reduce the risk of atherosclerosis.
Abstract: The effects of a diet containing soybean oil (SBO), rice bran oil (RBO), palm oil (PO) or a RBO/PO (3:1) mixture on the composition and oxidation of small dense low-density lipoproteins (sdLDL) in 16 hypercholesterolaemic women were investigated. During the 8-week control period, participants consumed a free-choice weight-maintaining diet comprising carbohydrate (55% energy), protein (15% energy) and fat (30% energy) with < 300 mg/day of cholesterol. During each 10-week study period, participants consumed this same diet but with the addition of one of the three test oils or the RBO/PO mixture. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels were significantly reduced during SBO, RBO and RBO/PO consumption, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly decreased by SBO consumption. There was a significant reduction in sdLDL-cholesterol levels only after using SBO and it tended to be reduced during RBO/PO consumption, whereas it was significantly increased following PO consumption. The sdLDL oxidation lag time was significantly increased during PO, RBO/PO and RBO consumption, but significantly reduced following SBO. The results for the RBO/PO mixture suggest that this oil mixture might further reduce the risk of atherosclerosis.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a chemical interesterification (CIE) at pilot scale using sodium methoxide (NaOMe) as a catalyst was used to rearrangement of fatty acids (FAs) among TAGs and consequent changes in the physical characteristics.
Abstract: Summary Fat blends, formulated by mixing refined, bleached and deodorised (RBD) palm oil (PO) or RBD palm stearin (PS) with RBD rice bran oil (RBO) in various ratios were subjected to chemical interesterification (CIE) at pilot scale using sodium methoxide (NaOMe) as catalyst. The resultant interesterified fat was processed through a margarine crystalliser under optimised conditions. The blends before and after CIE were investigated for triacylglycerol (TAG) composition, solid fat content (SFC) and melting characteristics, polymorphic form, fatty acid composition (FAC), bioactive (tocols, sterols, oryzanol) constituents and trans fatty acids (TFA). CIE was found to be very effective in terms of rearrangement of fatty acids (FAs) among TAGs and consequent changes in the physical characteristics. The SFC of the interesterified PS/RBO blends decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) when compared with those of PO/RBO blends. The interesterified binary blends with 50–60% PS and 40–50% RBO, and 70–80% PO and 20–30% RBO had SFC curves in the range of all-purpose type shortenings. CIE facilitated the formation of β′ polymorphic forms. FAC of shortenings prepared using the optimised blends contained 15–20% C18:2 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and no TFA. Total tocol, sterol and oryzanol content of zero trans shortenings were 650–1145, 408–17 583 and 1309–14 430 ppm. CIE using NaOMe did not affect the bioactive constituents significantly (P ≤ 0.05).

Patent
15 Apr 2009
TL;DR: In this article, the health-care blending oil can effectively regulate the balance of blood pressure, blood fat and blood sugar, has functions of nourishing brain, reducing cholesterol, regulating serum quality and arteriosclerosis and improving the capacity of human immunity.
Abstract: The invention relates to the field of edible oil and discloses health-care blending oil and a preparation method thereof. The blending oil consists of rapeseed oil, tea tree oil, olive oil, walnut oil, soybean oil, corn germ oil, rice bran oil, sesame oil, a polygoni multiflori extract, a saffron extract and a seaweed extract. When the health-care blending oil is used for a long time, the health-care blending oil can effectively regulate the balance of blood pressure, blood fat and blood sugar, has functions of nourishing brain, reducing cholesterol, regulating serum quality and arteriosclerosis and improving the capacity of human immunity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, ultrasound was applied to the in situ production of biodiesel from rice bran to increase the content and yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in the product.
Abstract: Ultrasound was applied to the in situ production of biodiesel from rice bran to increase the content and yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in the product. The effects of ultrasound, temperature, reaction time and initial FFA content in the bran on the FAME content and yield were investigated. At a reaction temperature of 60°C and amount of H2SO4=1·5% methanol (v/v), ultrasound was found to be effective in increasing FAME content and yield. Compared to the results from mechanically stirred in situ methanolysis of rice bran with low FFA content (13·27%), applying ultrasound increased FAME content and yield by 38·46 and 44·91% respectively, after 1 h of reaction. If ultrasound was applied to the in situ methanolysis without stirring, the increase in FAME content and yield after 1 h of reaction were 32·02 and 29·62% respectively, as compared to the results of in situ methanolysis with stirring only.