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Showing papers on "RLC circuit published in 2003"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a periodic surface texture is used to alter the electromagnetic properties of a metal ground plane by covering the surface with varactor diodes, and a tunable impedance surface is built, in which an applied bias voltage controls the resonance frequency and the reflection phase.
Abstract: By covering a metal ground plane with a periodic surface texture, we can alter its electromagnetic properties. The impedance of this metasurface can be modeled as a parallel resonant circuit, with sheet inductance L, and sheet capacitance C. The reflection phase varies with frequency from +/spl pi/ to -/spl pi/, and crosses through 0 at the LC resonance frequency, where the surface behaves as an artificial magnetic conductor. By incorporating varactor diodes into the texture, we have built a tunable impedance surface, in which an applied bias voltage controls the resonance frequency, and the reflection phase. We can program the surface to create a tunable phase gradient, which can electronically steer a reflected beam over +/- 40/spl deg/ in two dimensions, for both polarizations. We have also found that this type of resonant surface texture can provide greater bandwidth than conventional reflectarray structures. This new electronically steerable reflector offers a low-cost alternative to a conventional phased array.

702 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a wideband physical and scalable 2-spl Pi/ equivalent circuit model for on-chip spiral inductors is developed based on physical derivation and circuit theory, closed-form formulas are generated to calculate the RLC circuit elements directly from the inductor layout.
Abstract: A wide-band physical and scalable 2-/spl Pi/ equivalent circuit model for on-chip spiral inductors is developed. Based on physical derivation and circuit theory, closed-form formulas are generated to calculate the RLC circuit elements directly from the inductor layout. The 2-/spl Pi/ model accurately captures R(f) and L(f) characteristics beyond the self-resonant frequency. Using frequency-independent RLC elements, this new model is fully compatible with both ac and transient analysis. Verification with measurement data from a SiGe process demonstrates accurate performance prediction and excellent scalability for a wide range of inductor configurations.

341 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is proved that for a class of RLC circuits with convex energy function and weak electromagnetic coupling it is possible to "add a differentiation" to the port terminals preserving passivity - with a new storage function that is directly related to the circuit power.
Abstract: It is well known that arbitrary interconnections of passive (possibly nonlinear) resistors, inductors, and capacitors define passive systems, with port variables the external source voltages and currents, and storage function the total stored energy. In this note, we prove that for a class of RLC circuits with convex energy function and weak electromagnetic coupling it is possible to "add a differentiation" to the port terminals preserving passivity - with a new storage function that is directly related to the circuit power. The result is of interest in circuits theory, but also has applications in control as it suggests the paradigm of power shaping stabilization as an alternative to the well-known method of energy shaping. We show in this note that, in contrast with energy shaping designs, power shaping is not restricted to systems without pervasive dissipation and naturally allows to add "derivative" actions in the control. These important features, that stymie the applicability of energy shaping control, make power shaping very practically appealing. To establish our results we exploit the geometric property that voltages and currents in RLC circuits live in orthogonal spaces, i.e., Tellegen's theorem, and heavily rely on the seminal paper of Brayton and Moser in 1964.

152 citations


Patent
01 May 2003
TL;DR: In this paper, a contactless electrical energy transmission system includes a transformer having a primary winding coupling to a power source through a primary resonant circuit and a secondary winding coupled to a load through a secondary circuit.
Abstract: A contactless electrical energy transmission system includes a transformer having a primary winding that is coupled to a power source through a primary resonant circuit and a secondary winding that is coupled to a load through a secondary resonant circuit. The primary and secondary resonant circuits are inductively coupled to each other. A primary control circuit detects current changes through the primary resonant circuit to control the switching frequency of a controllable switching device for maintaining a substantially constant energy transfer between the primary winding and secondary winding in response to at least one of a power source voltage change and a load change. As a result, excessive circulating energy of the CEET system is minimized providing a tight regulation of the output voltage over the entire load and input voltage ranges without any feedback connection between the primary side and the secondary side.

138 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Q.M. Li1, Fred C. Lee2
TL;DR: In this article, the design issues of the active-clamp forward converter circuit with peak current mode control in small signal stability and large-signal transients are discussed, and a design procedure is provided to solve circuit issues under these conditions.
Abstract: The design issues of the active-clamp forward converter circuit with peak current mode control in small signal stability and large-signal transients are discussed. A design procedure is provided to solve circuit issues under these conditions. It is the first time that with the aid of simulation, we are able to optimize the circuit design of the active-clamp forward converter for large-signal transient behaviors.

116 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a new physical model for the transient response of a distributed resistance-inductance-capacitance (RLC) interconnect with a capacitive load has been derived for the 1) time delay, 2) peak crosstalk for coupled lines, 3) optimum number and size of repeaters, and 4 ) time delay for repeater-inserted distributed RLC lines.
Abstract: For pt. III see ibid., vol. 50, p. 1081-93 (2003). Using a new physical model for the transient response of a distributed resistance-inductance-capacitance (RLC) interconnect with a capacitive load, novel compact expressions have been derived for the 1) time delay, 2) peak crosstalk for coupled lines, 3) optimum number and size of repeaters, and 4) time delay for repeater-inserted distributed resistance-capacitance (RC) and RLC lines. These new models are used to define a design space that illustrates the tradeoff between the number of repeaters and wire cross-section for specified delay and crosstalk constraints.

111 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a method for online adaptation of the shunting impedance of a piezoelectric transducer with an electrical impedance is presented. But the method is limited to a randomly excited beam.
Abstract: Piezoelectric shunt damping systems reduce structural vibration by shunting an attached piezoelectric transducer with an electrical impedance. Current impedance designs result in a coupled electrical resonance at the target modal frequencies. In practical situations, variation in structural load or environmental conditions can result in significant changes in the structural resonance frequencies. This variation can severely reduce shunt damping performance as the electrical impedance remains tuned to the nominal resonance frequencies. This paper introduces a method for online adaptation of the shunting impedance. A reconstructed estimate of the RMS strain is minimized by varying the component values of a synthetic shunt damping circuit. The techniques presented are applied in real time to tune the component values of a randomly excited beam.

107 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an inductively coupled power transfer (ICPT) pick-up is analyzed under conditions where the pickup tuning is assumed to be essentially perfect, and all diodes are assumed to have continuous current flow in them.
Abstract: Inductively coupled power transfer (ICPT) systems are now being used in applications where their efficiency and stability are critically important. In this paper, an ICPT pick-up is analyzed under conditions where the pick-up tuning is assumed to be essentially perfect, and all diodes are assumed to have continuous current flow in them. The analysis proceeds by replacing the existing parallel resonant tank and rectifier circuit with a DC source and transformer equivalent, thereby reducing the complexity of the circuit, and eliminating the diodes. The DC equivalent is shown to have the same energy storage and power capability as the original circuit and is accurate under all loadings for both transient and steady-state conditions. With this simplification, analytic transfer functions for the pick-up with respect to its excitation current and its control switch duty cycle are developed. The ICPT system model is shown to have multiple poles, with complex zeroes on the right half plane. The model allows a sophisticated controller to be designed to give the ICPT system the required stability at high efficiency.

106 citations


Patent
17 Oct 2003
TL;DR: In this article, an inductive coupler (305) was used for coupling data between a power line (300) and a communication device (325) using an impedance matching transformer (315) for connecting a communications device to the secondary winding.
Abstract: An arrangement for coupling data between a power line (300) and a communication device (325) includes an inductive coupler (305) that employs a power line conductor as a primary winding, a capacitor (310) connected across a secondary winding of the inductive coupler (305) for creating a resonant circuit with the secondary winding at a frequency within a desired frequency band, and an impedance matching transformer (315) for connecting a communications device (325) to the secondary winding. The resonant circuit has a loaded Q consistent with the desired bandwidth. An alternative arrangement includes a capacitor (410) in series with conductive cylinder section (505) and (510) between the power line and communication device (435), where the capacitor is for blocking power line voltage while passing a signal between the power line and the communication device, and the conductive cylinder sections (505) and (510) appears as a low inductance to the signal.

98 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, two modes of a simply supported beam are successfully damped using a capacitance modified shunt circuit, and a low inductance multi-mode circuit is also studied and experimentally verified.
Abstract: Structural vibration can be reduced by shunting an attached piezoelectric transducer (PZT) with an electrical impedance. Current shunt circuit designs, e.g. a single-mode inductor–resistor network, typically require large inductance values of up to thousands of henries. In practice, discrete inductors are limited in size to around 1 H. By placing an additional capacitance across the terminals of the PZT, shunt circuit inductances can be drastically reduced. To justify our claims, we present a theoretical analysis of the damped system and identify the influence of the additional capacitance. Two modes of a simply supported beam are successfully damped using a capacitance modified shunt circuit. A low inductance multi-mode circuit is also studied and experimentally verified.

97 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a resonant shunt damper was modeled from piezoelectric sensor/actuator equations and the shunt voltage equation was derived from the charge generated in PZT due to beam vibration.

Patent
21 Aug 2003
TL;DR: In this article, an LC series resonance circuit formed by a capacitor and a primary inductive coil coupled in series with the capacitor, and a secondary induction coil positioned such that power is inductively transferred from the primary coil to the secondary coil.
Abstract: An apparatus to charge a power supply inductively, with increased efficiency due to resonance, comprises an LC series resonance circuit formed by a capacitor and a primary inductive coil coupled in series with the capacitor, and a secondary inductive coil positioned such that power is inductively transferred from the primary coil to the secondary coil. The LC circuit has a natural resonant frequency, wherein the primary coil of the resonance circuit is coupled to receive power from a source oscillating at the natural resonant frequency. The secondary coil is further coupled to the power supply so that power induced in the secondary coil causes the power supply to be charged.

Patent
12 Mar 2003
TL;DR: In this paper, a system for conveying a radio frequency (RF) signal from a base station (16) to a detached integrated circuit (IC) has an intermediate resonant circuit (4) and an IC (2).
Abstract: A system for conveying a radio frequency (RF) signal from a base station (16) to a detached integrated circuit (IC) has an intermediate resonant circuit (4) and an IC (2). The intermediate resonant circuit is configured to resonate in response to the RF signal from the base station, reproducing the RF signal. The IC has an integral resonant circuit (6, 8, 10) configured to resonate in response to the reproduced RF signal. The IC and the intermediate resonant circuit are affixed proximate each other. Both are separate from the base station and each other. Either or both of the intermediate resonant circuit and the integral resonant circuit may contact a high magnetic permeability layer. The intermediate resonant circuit may be formed of conductive ink.

Patent
24 Jul 2003
TL;DR: In this article, the half-bridge drive circuit selectively asserts drive signals in an audio frequency range, and the first and second drivers can be activated selectively to provide power to the transmitter, and to the endpoint.
Abstract: An endpoint in a power distribution system includes a transmitter. The transmitter includes a transformer, a half-bridge driver, a first and second driver, and a resonant circuit. A primary winding from the transformer is coupled to a power distribution line, while the secondary winding is coupled to the transmitter. The half-bridge drive circuit selectively asserts drive signals. The resonant circuit has a natural resonant frequency in an audio frequency range. The half-bridge driver is arranged to selectively activate the first and second drivers such that the power-line is modulated with a square-wave signal at a frequency that is associated with encoded data. The half-bridge driver circuit can also be arranged to provide power to the transmitter, and to the endpoint.

Journal ArticleDOI
12 Oct 2003
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the modeling, detailed simulation and the test of an efficient medium voltage adjustable speed drive, which consists of a three-level neutral-point clamped (NPC) inverter supplied by a 12-pulse rectifier.
Abstract: This paper presents the modeling, the detailed simulation and the test of an efficient medium voltage adjustable speed drive. The system consists of a three-level neutral-point clamped (NPC) inverter supplied by a 12-pulse rectifier. To achieve a motor-friendly supply, an LC filter is inserted between inverter output terminals and induction motor terminals. A direct torque control (DTC) tunes the inverter. The full power circuits and the digital control scheme have been implemented and simulated. Simulation results have been compared successfully with measurements, in steady state and transients.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A general linear passive termination is considered for a typical field effect power transistor such that the first m odd harmonics, excluding the fundamental frequency, are open circuited with the remaining harmonics short-circuited.
Abstract: A general linear passive termination is considered for a typical field effect power transistor such that the first m odd harmonics, excluding the fundamental frequency, are open circuited with the remaining harmonics short-circuited. Under this termination, with the appropriate resistive termination at the fundamental frequency, it is shown that an optimum maximum efficiency of is universally achieved independent of non-linearities in the transistor. Furthermore, where higher ordered harmonics are terminated in finite reactive impedances, which is the case with any realizable network, it is shown that the same maximum efficiency is obtained with the correct complex termination at the fundamental frequency. A prototype network is then defined including the output capacitance of the transistor and synthesized in a lowpass form which, when terminated in a shunt resonant circuit and load resistor, will provide the correct impedances at the fundamental and all of the harmonics. Remarkably, this optimum network has a simple formula for the element values in the general (2m+1) th degree network and a rigorous proof is presented in the appendix. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Journal ArticleDOI
15 Jun 2003
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the use of saturable inductor to improve the dimming characteristics of frequency-controlled dimmable electronic ballasts with a half-bridge series-resonant parallel-loaded inverter.
Abstract: This work presents an investigation into the use of saturable inductor to improve the dimming characteristics of frequency-controlled dimmable electronic ballasts with a half-bridge series-resonant parallel-loaded inverter. The concept is based on the fact that the effective resonant frequency increases as the inductor current increases, if the unsaturable inductor in the resonant tank circuit is replaced with a saturable one. Susceptibility of the lamp power to the switching frequency variation at low luminous level can be reduced. This can lessen the problem of lamp flickers at dimmed level and result in a wider dimming range and improved controllability. The method gives a simple solution of improving the dimming characteristics without changing the circuit structure. A fundamental frequency model that includes the characteristics of the nonlinear lamp resistance and filament resistance is applied in the analysis. A PSIM simulation model for the saturable inductor is developed. Theoretical predictions are verified with the experimental results of a 36-W T8 prototype.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
02 Nov 2003
TL;DR: In this paper, the project of dv/dt filters through simulation and analysis from previous works is extended including the motor voltage distribution and common-mode current analysis, and experimental results are presented demonstrating the usefulness of the filter networks on the motor overvoltage mitigation.
Abstract: Filter networks for long cable drives have been studied in the last decade to solve the over-voltage problem at the motor terminals. However, little research has been dedicated to analyze their influence on the voltage distribution in the motor stator winding and on the circulation of the common-mode currents. In this paper, the project of dv/dt filters through simulation and analysis from previous works is extended including the motor voltage distribution and common-mode current analysis. Simulation and experimental results are presented demonstrating the usefulness of the filter networks on the motor over-voltage mitigation. Three filter topologies is discussed and compared here: RLC filter at the motor terminals, RLC Filter at the inverter output and reactor filter, which is extensively used in the industry. Simulation and experimental results demonstrates that the RLC Filter at the inverter output is the most interesting solution among the main types of passive filter networks.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify a class of RLC circuits (with convex energy function and weak electromagnetic coupling) for which it is possible to add a differentiation to the port terminals preserving passivity.
Abstract: Arbitrary interconnections of passive (possibly nonlinear) resistors, inductors, and capacitors define passive systems, with power port variables the external source voltages and currents, and storage function the total stored energy. In this paper, we identify a class of RLC circuits (with convex energy function and weak electromagnetic coupling), for which it is possible to "add a differentiation" to the port terminals preserving passivity-with a new storage function that is directly related to the circuit power. To establish our results, we exploit the geometric property that voltages and currents in RLC circuits live in orthogonal spaces, i.e., Tellegen's theorem, and heavily rely on the seminal paper of Brayton and Moser (1964).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a new model for the transient response of a high-speed global interconnect is rigorously derived, which includes a capacitive load termination to a distributed resistance-inductance capacitance line.
Abstract: For pt. II, see ibid., vol. 47, p. 2068-77 (2000). A new, complete physical model for the transient response of a high-speed global interconnect is rigorously derived. This work improves an earlier model by including a capacitive load termination to a distributed resistance-inductance capacitance (RLC) line, which more accurately models on-chip and off-chip high-speed global wires that drive large capacitive loads. In addition to key physical insight, the new transient expressions presented in this paper provide a quick and accurate estimation of interconnect time delay and crosstalk, which is necessary for rapid design space exploration for global wiring networks in future gigascale integration (GSI) systems.

Patent
19 Dec 2003
TL;DR: In this paper, a non-contact IC card reading/writing apparatus is described, which consists of a loop antenna (5), which supplies both electric power and a transmission signal to a noncontact IC reader (IC card) by way of an electromagnetic induction effect and acquires a reception signal from the IC card by means of a load variation.
Abstract: A non-contact IC card reading/writing apparatus (111) of the invention comprises: a loop antenna (5), which supplies both electric power and a transmission signal to a non-contact IC card (112) by way of an electromagnetic induction effect and acquires a reception signal from the non-contact IC card by way of a load variation; a first resonant circuit, resonates the loop antenna at a first desirable frequency; a wireless transmitter (1), which supplies both electric power and transmission data via the first resonant circuit to the loop antenna (5); and a wireless receiver (2), acquires a reception signal from the loop antenna via a second resonant circuit which is connected to the loop antenna (5) by way of a coupling capacitor and is resonated at a second desirable frequency; wherein data transmitted from the non-contact IC card is demodulated from the reception signal by a demodulating circuit (10).

Journal ArticleDOI
21 May 2003
TL;DR: In this article, a half-bridge series-resonant inverter with a cascading Rosen-type piezoelectric transformer (PT) is designed for cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs).
Abstract: To miniaturise the ballast circuit, a half-bridge series-resonant inverter with a cascading Rosen-type piezoelectric transformer (PT) is designed for cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs). The PT is interposed between the resonant circuit and the lamp as a stage of the voltage amplifier to increase the lamp voltage and hence to reduce the sizes of the reactive components. The circuit parameters are designed to operate the inverter at a switching frequency that will have the highest boost ratio of PT, and with zero voltage switching (ZVS) for the active power switches to achieve high circuit efficiency. The lamp power is regulated by duty-ratio control with asymmetrical pulse-width modulation (APWM). An electronic ballast designed for a 2.2 W CCFL is built and tested to verify the simulated results.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed an on-chip interconnect model for full-chip simulation, which consists of two components, a quasi-three-dimensional (3-D) capacitance model and an effective loop inductance model.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose a compact on-chip interconnect model for full-chip simulation. The model consists of two components, a quasi-three-dimensional (3-D) capacitance model and an effective loop inductance model. In the capacitance model, we propose a novel concept of effective width (W/sub eff/) for a 3-D wire, which is derived from an analytical two-dimensional (2-D) model combined with a new analytical "wall-to-wall" model. The effective width provides a physics-based approach to decompose any 3-D structure into a series of 2-D segments, resulting in an efficient and accurate capacitance extraction. In the inductance model, we use an effective loop inductance approach for an analytic and hierarchical model construction. In particular, we show empirically that high-frequency signals (above multi-GHz) propagating through random signal lines can be approximated by a quasi-TEM mode relationship, leading to a simple way to extract the high-frequency inductance from the capacitance of the wire. Finally, the capacitance and inductance models are combined into a unified frequency-dependent RLC model, describing successfully the wide-band characteristics of on-chip interconnects up to 100 GHz. Non-orthogonal wire architecture is also investigated and included in the proposed model.

Patent
26 Sep 2003
TL;DR: In this article, a full bridge circuit composed of four switching elements (Q1 to Q4) is alternated with a high switching frequency and a series-connected resonance circuit (5) composed of an inductor (L2) and a capacitor (C2) is made to resonate for a switching frequency of the full bridge circuits multiplied by an integer (for example, frequency multiplied by three), thereby generating a high voltage pulse for start.
Abstract: A full bridge circuit composed of four switching elements (Q1 to Q4) is alternated with a high switching frequency and a series-connected resonance circuit (5) composed of an inductor (L2) and a capacitor (C2) is made to resonate for a switching frequency of the full bridge circuit multiplied by an integer (for example, frequency multiplied by three), thereby generating a high voltage pulse for start. After a high-pressure discharge lamp (DL) is started, the full bridge circuit is alternated with a low switching frequency so as to operate as a step-down chopper for inverting the output polarity, thereby stably supplying rectangular wave voltage of low frequency to the high-pressure discharge lamp (DL) via a filter circuit composed of an inductor (L1) and a capacitor (C1).

Patent
07 Jan 2003
TL;DR: In this paper, a scheme for handling radio resource control messages during a radio link control reset in a wireless communication system is presented, where the RRC is informed of the RLC reset and can retransmit those messages which were submitted to the RTC before the RCL reset and might not be received correctly by the peer RRC due to the reset.
Abstract: The present invention provides a scheme for handling radio resource control messages during a radio link control reset in a wireless communication system. Conventionally, if an RLC reset occurs before receiving positive acknowledgements of all RLC PDUs transmitted, the PDUs not correctly received cannot be retransmitted after an RLC reset. The upper layer usually sets a timer for retransmission of an upper layer message contained in this RRC message. The RLC reset delays the transmission of messages of the upper layer. However, with the present invention, because the RRC is informed of the RLC reset, the RRC can retransmit those messages which were submitted to the RLC before the RLC reset and might not be received correctly by the peer RRC due to the RLC reset. In this way, data loss and delays associated with the conventional method are avoided and system performance in wireless communications is improved.

Patent
15 Aug 2003
TL;DR: In this paper, a moisture detection sensor that detects liquid, comprising of an antenna coil 53 and a capacitor C, is presented, and a noncontact tag composed of covering materials 51 and 57 that cover the resonant circuit, wherein the capacitor C has a pair of electrodes 52 and 56 and a dielectric 55 interposed between the electrodes 52, 56, and the covering material 57 contains a through hole 57 a that allows the liquid to infiltrate into the dielectrics 55 from an outside.
Abstract: A moisture detection sensor that detects liquid, comprising: a resonant circuit composed of an antenna coil 53 and a capacitor C; and a noncontact tag composed of covering materials 51 and 57 that cover the resonant circuit, wherein the capacitor C has a pair of electrodes 52 and 56 and a dielectric 55 interposed between the electrodes 52 and 56 , and the covering material 57 contains a through hole 57 a that allows the liquid to infiltrate into the dielectric 55 from an outside.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a simple derivation of the form for the compact model of the quantum capacitance in a resonant tunneling diode (RTD) is presented, which is shown to reduce the resistive cutoff frequency.
Abstract: A simple derivation of the form for the compact model of the quantum capacitance in a resonant tunneling diode (RTD) is presented. The quantum capacitance is shown to reduce the resistive cutoff frequency. The implementation of the model into SPICE is described. The distorting effect of the strongly nonlinear quantum capacitance on an oscillator circuit is demonstrated in a SPICE simulation. The nonlinearity becomes important for the highest frequency applications when the RTD capacitance is comparable to the capacitance in the rest of the circuit.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It will be shown that PH systems precisely dualize the BM equations, leading to possible advantages at the level of controller design, and the introduced duality allows to pull back PH designs to the space of currents and voltages.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a cyclic-averaging technique is proposed to predict steady state voltages and currents throughout the circuit, and provides estimates of the stresses on the resonant circuit components.
Abstract: The paper describes the development and application of a cyclic-averaging technique for the rapid analysis of high-order resonant power converters. To provide a focus to the paper, particular emphasis is given to a 3rd-order LCC voltage output converter topology. The proposed methodology predicts steady-state voltages and currents throughout the circuit, and provides estimates of the stresses on the resonant circuit components. State-space simulations and experimental results from a 350 V-input/150 V-output converter are used to demonstrate a prediction accuracy comparable with time-domain integration-based techniques is achievable, while requiring only 1/10,000th of the computation time. In addition, a comparison with Spice simulation results shows that cyclic averaging provides commensurate predictions of voltage and current stresses on the resonant circuit components. Issues arising from the stray capacitance associated with the resonant inductor, and the corresponding sensitivity of the predicted output voltage, are also considered.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the uses of quality factors for inductors in silicon integrated circuit design, and proposed new methods for estimating quality factors by numerically adding a capacitor in parallel to measured y 11 data of aD inductor, and by computing the frequency stability factor aDd 3-dB bandwidth at the resonant frequency of the resulting network.
Abstract: By examining uses of quality (Q) factors for inductors in silicon integrated circuit design, new methods for estimating quality factors are proposed. These methods extract Q factors by numerically adding a capacitor in parallel to measured y 11 data of aD inductor, and by computing the frequency stability factor aDd 3-dB bandwidth at the resonant frequency of the resulting network. These parameters are then converted to effective quality factors using relationships for simple parallel RLC circuits. By sweeping the numerically added capadtance value, effective quality factors at varying frequencies are computed. These new techniques, in addition to being more relevant for circuit design, provide physically reasonable estimates all the way up to the self-resonant frequencies of inductors. At modente to high frequencies, the commonly used Q definition [-Im( y 11 )/Re( y 11 ) can significantly underestimate and can even give unreasonable results. Data obtained using the new methods suggest that quality factors remain high and integrated indacton remain useful all the way up to their self- resonant frequencies, contrary to the behavior obtained using -Im( y 11 )/Re( y 11 ). These indicate that the commonly used technique can lead to improper use and optimization of integrated inductors.