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RNA

About: RNA is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 111695 publications have been published within this topic receiving 5475262 citations. The topic is also known as: ribonucleic acid.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that human Drosha selectively cleaves RNA hairpins bearing a large terminal loop from the junction of the loop and the adjacent stem to produce the precursor microRNA.
Abstract: A critical step during human microRNA maturation is the processing of the primary microRNA transcript by the nuclear RNaseIII enzyme Drosha to generate the ∼60-nucleotide precursor microRNA hairpin How Drosha recognizes primary RNA substrates and selects its cleavage sites has remained a mystery, especially given that the known targets for Drosha processing show no discernable sequence homology Here, we show that human Drosha selectively cleaves RNA hairpins bearing a large (⩾10 nucleotides) terminal loop From the junction of the loop and the adjacent stem, Drosha then cleaves approximately two helical RNA turns into the stem to produce the precursor microRNA Beyond the precursor microRNA cleavage sites, approximately one helix turn of stem extension is also essential for efficient processing While the sites of Drosha cleavage are determined largely by the distance from the terminal loop, variations in stem structure and sequence around the cleavage site can fine-tune the actual cleavage sites chosen

630 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Unless the quasi-steady state levels of HIV DNA and mRNA eventually disappear with longer periods of therapy, these findings suggest that HIV-1 infection cannot be eradicated with current treatments.
Abstract: Background and Methods Although potent antiretroviral therapy can control infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), a long-lived reservoir of infectious virus persists in CD4+ T cells. We investigated this viral reservoir by measuring the levels of cell-associated viral DNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) that are essential for HIV-1 replication. Approximately every 6 months, we obtained samples of peripheral-blood mononuclear cells from five men with long-standing HIV-1 infection who had had undetectable levels of plasma HIV-1 RNA for 20 months or more during treatment with potent antiretroviral drugs. Results Before treatment, plasma levels of HIV-1 RNA correlated with the levels of cell-associated unintegrated HIV-1 DNA and unspliced viral mRNA. After treatment, plasma levels of HIV-1 RNA fell by more than 2.7 log to undetectable levels. The decrease in cell-associated integrated and unintegrated HIV-1 DNA and mRNA occurred in two phases. The first phase occurred during the initial 500 days ...

630 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The structure of the HCV NS3 RNA helicase domain complexed with a single-stranded DNA oligonucleotide has been solved to 2.2 A resolution and is a member of a superfamily of helicases, termed superfamily II.

630 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
28 Sep 2018-Science
TL;DR: Here, N6-methyladenosine affects the translation and stability of the modified transcripts, thus providing a mechanism to coordinate the regulation of groups of transcripts during cell state maintenance and transition and thereby facilitate proper development.
Abstract: RNA modifications have recently emerged as critical posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression programs. They affect diverse eukaryotic biological processes, and the correct deposition of many of these modifications is required for normal development. Messenger RNA (mRNA) modifications regulate various aspects of mRNA metabolism. For example, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) affects the translation and stability of the modified transcripts, thus providing a mechanism to coordinate the regulation of groups of transcripts during cell state maintenance and transition. Similarly, some modifications in transfer RNAs are essential for RNA structure and function. Others are deposited in response to external cues and adapt global protein synthesis and gene-specific translational accordingly and thereby facilitate proper development.

629 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In situ sequencing of point mutations and multiplexed gene expression profiling in human breast cancer tissue sections is demonstrated and the method for parallel targeted analysis of short RNA fragments in morphologically preserved cells and tissue is developed.
Abstract: Tissue gene expression profiling is performed on homogenates or on populations of isolated single cells to resolve molecular states of different cell types. In both approaches, histological context is lost. We have developed an in situ sequencing method for parallel targeted analysis of short RNA fragments in morphologically preserved cells and tissue. We demonstrate in situ sequencing of point mutations and multiplexed gene expression profiling in human breast cancer tissue sections.

629 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20241
20233,706
20227,117
20214,436
20204,465
20193,923