Topic
RNA
About: RNA is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 111695 publications have been published within this topic receiving 5475262 citations. The topic is also known as: ribonucleic acid.
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TL;DR: A review of recent research shows that circular RNAs may function as potential molecular markers for disease diagnosis and treatment and play an important role in the initiation and progression of human diseases, especially in tumours.
Abstract: Circular RNAs, a novel class of endogenous noncoding RNAs, are characterized by their covalently closed loop structures without a 5′ cap or a 3′ Poly A tail. Although the mechanisms of circular RNAs’ generation and function are not fully clear, recent research has shown that circular RNAs may function as potential molecular markers for disease diagnosis and treatment and play an important role in the initiation and progression of human diseases, especially in tumours. This review summarizes some information about categories, biogenesis, functions at the molecular level, properties of circular RNAs and the possibility of circular RNAs as biomarkers in cancers.
1,072 citations
TL;DR: Recent findings that indicate new functions for A-->I editing in the regulation of noncoding RNAs and for interactions between RNA editing and RNA interference mechanisms are reviewed.
Abstract: One type of RNA editing converts adenosines to inosines (A-->I editing) in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) substrates. A-->I RNA editing is mediated by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes. A-->I RNA editing of protein-coding sequences of a limited number of mammalian genes results in recoding and subsequent alterations of their functions. However, A-->I RNA editing most frequently targets repetitive RNA sequences located within introns and 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). Although the biological significance of noncoding RNA editing remains largely unknown, several possibilities, including its role in the control of endogenous short interfering RNAs (esiRNAs), have been proposed. Furthermore, recent studies have revealed that the biogenesis and functions of certain microRNAs (miRNAs) are regulated by the editing of their precursors. Here, I review the recent findings that indicate new functions for A-->I editing in the regulation of noncoding RNAs and for interactions between RNA editing and RNA interference mechanisms.
1,071 citations
TL;DR: The in vitro product directed by globin 9S RNA comigrated precisely with authentic rabbit globin on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels during high voltage ionophoresis, and two [(35)S]methionine-labeled tryptic peptides synthesized in vitro comigrated in two dimensions with alphaT5 and betaT5 tryptic amino-acid incorporation from authentic [( 35)S].
Abstract: Extracts prepared from commercially available wheat germ efficiently translate messenger RNAs from either viral or eukaryotic origin. The addition of tobacco mosaic virus RNA stimulated amino-acid incorporation more than 100-times and rabbit globin 9S RNA between 20- and 30-times. The in vitro product directed by globin 9S RNA comigrated precisely with authentic rabbit globin on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Furthermore, during high voltage ionophoresis two [35S]methionine-labeled tryptic peptides synthesized in vitro comigrated in two dimensions with αT5 and βT5 tryptic peptides from authentic [35S]methionine-labeled rabbit globin.
1,069 citations
TL;DR: A bacterial CRISPR RNA/Cas9 system is adapted to precisely engineer the Drosophila genome and it is reported that Cas9-mediated genomic modifications are efficiently transmitted through the germline.
Abstract: We have adapted a bacterial CRISPR RNA/Cas9 system to precisely engineer the Drosophila genome and report that Cas9-mediated genomic modifications are efficiently transmitted through the germline. This RNA-guided Cas9 system can be rapidly programmed to generate targeted alleles for probing gene function in Drosophila.
1,067 citations
01 Nov 2010
TL;DR: The mixture-of-isoforms (MISO) model is developed, a statistical model that estimates expression of alternatively spliced exons and isoforms and assesses confidence in these estimates, providing a probabilistic framework for RNA-seq analysis and functional insights into pre-mRNA processing.
Abstract: Through alternative splicing, most human genes express multiple isoforms that often differ in function To infer isoform regulation from high-throughput sequencing of cDNA fragments (RNA-seq), we developed the mixture-of-isoforms (MISO) model, a statistical model that estimates expression of alternatively spliced exons and isoforms and assesses confidence in these estimates Incorporation of mRNA fragment length distribution in paired-end RNA-seq greatly improved estimation of alternative-splicing levels MISO also detects differentially regulated exons or isoforms Application of MISO implicated the RNA splicing factor hnRNP H1 in the regulation of alternative cleavage and polyadenylation, a role that was supported by UV cross-linking-immunoprecipitation sequencing (CLIP-seq) analysis in human cells Our results provide a probabilistic framework for RNA-seq analysis, give functional insights into pre-mRNA processing and yield guidelines for the optimal design of RNA-seq experiments for studies of gene and isoform expression
1,064 citations