Topic
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
About: RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 13904 publications have been published within this topic receiving 767954 citations. The topic is also known as: RdRp & RNA replicase.
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TL;DR: These results fail to show evidence for proofreading exonuclease activity associated with the virion replicase of an RNA virus, and suggest that RNA virus replication might generally be error-prone, because RNA replicases base misincorporations are proofread very inefficiently or not at all.
394 citations
01 Jan 1981
394 citations
TL;DR: The enhanced efficacy in vivo correlated with a caspase-dependent apoptotic death in transfected cells, providing a potential mechanism for enhanced immunogenicity.
Abstract: 'Naked' nucleic acid vaccines are potentially useful candidates for the treatment of patients with cancer, but their clinical efficacy has yet to be demonstrated. We sought to enhance the immunogenicity of a nucleic acid vaccine by making it 'self-replicating'. We accomplished this by using a gene encoding an RNA replicase polyprotein derived from the Semliki forest virus, in combination with a model antigen. A single intramuscular injection of a self-replicating RNA immunogen elicited antigen-specific antibody and CD8+ T-cell responses at doses as low as 0.1 microg. Pre-immunization with a self-replicating RNA vector protected mice from tumor challenge, and therapeutic immunization prolonged the survival of mice with established tumors. The self-replicating RNA vectors did not mediate the production of substantially more model antigen than a conventional DNA vaccine did in vitro. However, the enhanced efficacy in vivo correlated with a caspase-dependent apoptotic death in transfected cells. This death facilitated the uptake of apoptotic cells by dendritic cells, providing a potential mechanism for enhanced immunogenicity. Naked, non-infectious, self-replicating RNA may be an excellent candidate for the development of new cancer vaccines.
394 citations
TL;DR: Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the genetic locus for yeast mitochondrial RNA polymerase (RPO41) reveals a continuous open reading frame with the coding potential for a polypeptide of 1351 amino acids, a size consistent with the electrophoretic mobility of this enzymatic activity.
393 citations
TL;DR: The studies indicate that this is due to the presence of an activity that unwinds RNA:RNA hybrids, which is present at low, but detectable, levels in Xenopus oocytes, increases during oocyte maturation, and exists at high levels throughout early embryogenesis.
393 citations