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RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

About: RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 13904 publications have been published within this topic receiving 767954 citations. The topic is also known as: RdRp & RNA replicase.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
13 Feb 2004-Science
TL;DR: The structure of an RNA polymerase II–transcribing complex has been determined in the posttranslocation state, with a vacancy at the growing end of the RNA-DNA hybrid helix.
Abstract: The structure of an RNA polymerase II-transcribing complex has been determined in the posttranslocation state, with a vacancy at the growing end of the RNA-DNA hybrid helix. At the opposite end of the hybrid helix, the RNA separates from the template DNA. This separation of nucleic acid strands is brought about by interaction with a set of proteins loops in a strand/loop network. Formation of the network must occur in the transition from abortive initiation to promoter escape.

249 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
28 Aug 2008-Nature
TL;DR: It is demonstrated the importance to viral replication of a subunit interface in the viral RNA polymerase, thereby providing a new set of potential drug binding sites entirely independent of surface antigen type.
Abstract: Influenza A virus is a major human and animal pathogen with the potential to cause catastrophic loss of life. The virus reproduces rapidly, mutates frequently and occasionally crosses species barriers. The recent emergence in Asia of avian influenza related to highly pathogenic forms of the human virus has highlighted the urgent need for new effective treatments. Here we demonstrate the importance to viral replication of a subunit interface in the viral RNA polymerase, thereby providing a new set of potential drug binding sites entirely independent of surface antigen type. No current medication targets this heterotrimeric polymerase complex. All three subunits, PB1, PB2 and PA, are required for both transcription and replication. PB1 carries the polymerase active site, PB2 includes the capped-RNA recognition domain, and PA is involved in assembly of the functional complex, but so far very little structural information has been reported for any of them. We describe the crystal structure of a large fragment of one subunit (PA) of influenza A RNA polymerase bound to a fragment of another subunit (PB1). The carboxy-terminal domain of PA forms a novel fold, and forms a deep, highly hydrophobic groove into which the amino-terminal residues of PB1 can fit by forming a 3(10) helix.

248 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The in vivo data of RNA polymerase on the leucine operon of Salmonella in wild-type, attenuator mutant, and promoter mutant strains are in complete agreement with the predictions of the attenuation model of regulation.
Abstract: We present an approach for determining the in vivo distribution of a protein on specific segments of chromosomal DNA. First, proteins are joined covalently to DNA by irradiating intact cells with UV light. Second, these cells are disrupted in detergent, and a specific protein is immunoprecipitated from the lysate. Third, the DNA that is covalently attached to the protein in the precipitate is purified and assayed by hybridization. To test this approach, we examine the cross-linking in Escherichia coli of RNA polymerase to a constitutively expressed, lambda cI gene, and to the uninduced and isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG)-induced lac operon. As expected, the recovery of the constitutively expressed gene in the immunoprecipitate is dependent on the irradiation of cells and on the addition of RNA polymerase antiserum. The recovery of the lac operon DNA also requires transcriptional activation with IPTG prior to the cross-linking step. After these initial tests, we examine the distribution of RNA polymerase on the leucine operon of Salmonella in wild-type, attenuator mutant, and promoter mutant strains. Our in vivo data are in complete agreement with the predictions of the attenuation model of regulation. From these and other experiments, we discuss the resolution, sensitivity, and generality of these methods.

247 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the accumulation of both genome-length HCV RNA and its replicon RNA were significantly suppressed in HuH-7-derived cells expressing short hairpin RNA targeted to DDX3 by lentivirus vector transduction.
Abstract: DDX3, a DEAD-box RNA helicase, binds to the hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein. However, the role(s) of DDX3 in HCV replication is still not understood. Here we demonstrate that the accumulation of both genome-length HCV RNA (HCV-O, genotype 1b) and its replicon RNA were significantly suppressed in HuH-7-derived cells expressing short hairpin RNA targeted to DDX3 by lentivirus vector transduction. As well, RNA replication of JFH1 (genotype 2a) and release of the core into the culture supernatants were suppressed in DDX3 knockdown cells after inoculation of the cell culture-generated HCVcc. Thus, DDX3 is required for HCV RNA replication.

247 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results highlight the importance of the ribo configuration 2'- and 3'-hydroxy pharmacophores for inhibition of HCV RNA replication in the cell-based assay and demonstrate that inclusion of the 2'-C-methylribonucleoside pharmacophore leads to increased resistance to adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase mediated metabolism.
Abstract: As part of a continued effort to identify inhibitors of hepatitis C viral (HCV) replication, we report here the synthesis and evaluation of a series of nucleoside analogues and their corresponding triphosphates. Nucleosides were evaluated for their ability to inhibit HCV RNA replication in a cell-based, subgenomic replicon system, while nucleoside triphosphates were evaluated for their ability to inhibit in vitro RNA synthesis mediated by the HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, NS5B. 2'-C-Methyladenosine and 2'-C-methylguanosine were identified as potent inhibitors of HCV RNA replication, and the corresponding triphosphates were found to be potent inhibitors of HCV NS5B-mediated RNA synthesis. The data generated in the cell-based assay demonstrated a fairly stringent structure-activity relationship around the active nucleosides. Increase in steric bulk beyond methyl on C2, change in the stereo- or regiochemistry of the methyl substituent, or change of identity of the heterobase beyond that of the endogenous adenine or guanine was found to lead to loss of inhibitory activity. The results highlight the importance of the ribo configuration 2'- and 3'-hydroxy pharmacophores for inhibition of HCV RNA replication in the cell-based assay and demonstrate that inclusion of the 2'-C-methylribonucleoside pharmacophore leads to increased resistance to adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase mediated metabolism.

246 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202358
2022201
2021222
2020200
2019116
2018118