Root hair

About: Root hair is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3174 publications have been published within this topic receiving 167665 citations.

Reactive oxygen species produced by nadph oxidase regulate plant cell growth

Abstract: Cell expansion is a central process in plant morphogenesis, and the elongation of roots and root hairs is essential for uptake of minerals and water from the soil. Ca2+ influx from the extracellular store is required for (and sets the rates of) cell elongation in roots. Arabidopsis thaliana rhd2 mutants are defective in Ca2+ uptake and consequently cell expansion is compromised--rhd2 mutants have short root hairs and stunted roots. To determine the regulation of Ca2+ acquisition in growing root cells we show here that RHD2 is an NADPH oxidase, a protein that transfers electrons from NADPH to an electron acceptor leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We show that ROS accumulate in growing wild-type (WT) root hairs but their levels are markedly decreased in rhd2 mutants. Blocking the activity of the NADPH oxidase with diphenylene iodonium (DPI) inhibits ROS formation and phenocopies Rhd2-. Treatment of rhd2 roots with ROS partly suppresses the mutant phenotype and stimulates the activity of plasma membrane hyperpolarization-activated Ca2+ channels, the predominant root Ca2+ acquisition system. This indicates that NADPH oxidases control development by making ROS that regulate plant cell expansion through the activation of Ca2+ channels.

Plant roots : the hidden half

Abstract: The Evolution and Genomics of Roots The Origin of Roots Paul Kenrick Arabidopsis Root Jaimie M. Van Norman, Louisa M. Liberman, and Philip N. Benfey Root Structure Cellular Patterning of the Root Meristem Kimberly L. Gallagher Cellular Patterning in the Root Epidermis Yana M. Wieckowski and John Schiefelbein Structure and Function of Three Suberized Cell Layers Chris J. Meyer and Carol A. Peterson Lateral Root Development Leentje Jansen, Marlies Demeulenaere, and Tom Beeckman Vascular Development in Arabidopsis Roots Anthony Bishopp, Sedeer El-Showk, and Yka Helariutta Secondary Growth of Tree Roots Nigel Chaffey Rice : A Model Plant to Decipher the Hidden Origin of Adventitious Roots Yoan Coudert, Van Anh Le Thi, and Pascal Gantet Genetic Analysis of Maize Root Development Frank Hochholdinger and Guenter Feix Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Adventitious Root Formation Joseph Riov, David Szwerdszarf, Mohamad Abu-Abied, and Einat Sadot Regulation of Root Growth Auxin Signaling in Primary Roots Catherine Perrot-Rechenmann Role of Gibberellins in Root Growth Eiichi Tanimoto and Ko Hirano Molecular Basis of Cytokinin Action during Root Development Serena Perilli, Laila Moubayidin, and Sabrina Sabatini Ethylene Regulates Root Growth and Development Daniel R. Lewis and Gloria K. Muday Abscisic Acid in Root Growth and Development Ive De Smet and Hanma Zhang Brassinosteroid Signaling in Root Development Josep Vilarrasa-Blasi, Mary-Paz Gonzalez-Garcia, and Ana I. Cano-Delgado Role of Strigolactones in Root Development and Communication Hinanit Koltai Root Gravitropism Ranjan Swarup, Darren M. Wells, and Malcolm J. Bennett Calcium: From Root Macronutrient to Mechanical Signal Sarah Swanson and Simon Gilroy Soil Resource Acquisition Root-Based Solutions to Increasing Crop Productivity Michelle Watt, Anton P. Wasson, and Vincent Chochois Root Architecture and Resource Acquisition Ahmad M. Manschadi, Gunther G.B. Manske, and Paul L.G. Vlek Root pH Regulation Joska Gerendas and R. George Ratcliffe Root Water Uptake and Water Flow in the Soil-Root Domain Guillaume Lobet, Charles Hachez, Francois Chaumont, Mathieu Javaux, and Xavier Draye Inorganic Nitrogen Acquisition and Signaling Alain Gojon Nutrient Uptake and Root System Architecture Modeling Moshe Silberbush, Amram Eshel, and Jonathan P. Lynch Global Change and Root Lifespan David M. Eissenstat, M. Luke McCormack, and Quanying Du Developmental Adaptations in Roots of Desert Plants with Special Emphasis on Cacti Joseph G. Dubrovsky and Svetlana Shishkova Root Systems of Woody Plants Frederic Danjon, Alexia Stokes, and Mark R. Bakker Roots as a Source of Food Daniel F. Austin and Robert Jarret Root Response to Stress Temperature Effects on Root Growth Marc Faget, Stephan Blossfeld, Siegfried Jahnke, Gregor Huber, Ulrich Schurr, and Kerstin A. Nagel Flooding Tolerance Mechanisms in Roots Kurt V. Fagerstedt, Olga B. Blokhina, Chiara Pucciariello, and Pierdomenico Perata Plant Roots under Aluminum Stress Hideaki Matsumoto and Yoko Yamamoto Root Responses to Trace Metallic Elements Nathalie Verbruggen and Christian Hermans Maintaining Root Growth in Drying Soil Eric S. Ober and Robert E. Sharp Effects of Salinity on Root Growth Nirit Bernstein Soil Mechanical Resistance and Root Growth and Function W. Richard Whalley and A. Glyn Bengough Root-Rhizosphere Interactions Fungal Root Endophytes Thomas N. Sieber and Christoph R. Grunig Molecular Physiology of Tree Ectomycorrhizal Interactions Mohammad Tanbir Habib, Till Heller, and Andrea Polle Mycorrhizae-Rhizosphere Determinants of Plant Communities Ingrid Kottke amd Gabor M. Kovacs Response of Soybean Roots to Soybean Cyst Nematode at the Molecular Levell Benjamin F. Matthews, Heba M.M. Ibrahim, Parsa Hosseini, Nadim Alkharouf, and Savithiry Natarajan Modern Research Techniques Minirhizotron Techniques Boris Rewald and Jhonathan E. Ephrath Noninvasive Tools for Measuring Metabolism and Biophysical Analyte Transport at the Root-Rhizosphere Interface Eric S. McLamore and D. Marshall Porterfield Index

Ethylene biosynthesis and signaling networks.

Abstract: Despite its simple two-carbon structure, the olefin ethylene is a potent modulator of plant growth and development ([Ecker, 1995][1]). The plant hormone ethylene is involved in many aspects of the plant life cycle, including seed germination, root hair development, root nodulation, flower senescence

The role of root exudates and allelochemicals in the rhizosphere

Abstract: Plant roots serve a multitude of functions in the plant including anchorage, provision of nutrients and water, and production of exudates with growth regulatory properties. The root–soil interface, or rhizosphere, is the site of greatest activity within the soil matrix. Within this matrix, roots affect soil structure, aeration and biological activity as they are the major source of organic inputs into the rhizosphere, and are also responsible for depletion of large supplies of inorganic compounds. Roots are very complicated morphologically and physiologically, and their metabolites are often released in large quantities into the soil rhizosphere from living root hairs or fibrous root systems. Root exudates containing root-specific metabolites have critical ecological impacts on soil macro and microbiota as well as on the whole plant itself. Through the exudation of a wide variety of compounds, roots impact the soil microbial community in their immediate vicinity, influence resistance to pests, support beneficial symbioses, alter the chemical and physical properties of the soil, and inhibit the growth of competing plant species. In this review, we outline recent research on root exudation and the role of allelochemicals in the rhizosphere by studying the case of three plants that have been shown to produce allelopathic root exudates: black walnut, wheat and sorghum

Roles of Arbuscular Mycorrhizas in Plant Nutrition and Growth: New Paradigms from Cellular to Ecosystem Scales

Abstract: Root systems of most land plants form arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses in the field, and these contribute to nutrient uptake. AM roots have two pathways for nutrient absorption, directly through the root epidermis and root hairs and via AM fungal hyphae into root cortical cells, where arbuscules or hyphal coils provide symbiotic interfaces. New physiological and molecular evidence shows that for phosphorus the mycorrhizal pathway (MP) is operational regardless of plant growth responses (positive or negative). Amounts delivered cannot be determined from plant nutrient contents because when responses are negative the contribution of the direct pathway (DP) is reduced. Nitrogen (N) is also delivered to roots via an MP, but the contribution to total N requirement and the costs to the plant are not clear. The functional interplay between activities of the DP and MP has important implications for consideration of AM symbioses in ecological, agronomic, and evolutionary contexts.