Showing papers on "Ruby laser published in 1972"
TL;DR: In this paper, a ruby laser has been operated in the circular TE01 mode by means of a novel mode selector, and the output characteristics, conversion into TM01, and possible applications are described.
Abstract: A ruby laser has been operated in the circular TE01 mode by means of a novel mode selector. Construction, output characteristics, conversion into TM01, and possible applications are described.
234 citations
TL;DR: Scanning electron microscopic observations of the pulsed carbon dioxide laser effect on human enamel support microradiographic findings and indicate that this laser is significantly more efficient than the ruby laser within the limits of this investigation.
Abstract: Scanning electron microscopic observations of the pulsed carbon dioxide laser effect on human enamel support microradiographic findings and indicate that this laser is significantly more efficient than the ruby laser within the limits of this investigation. Surface changes which were suggestive of fusion occurred between energy densities of 13 to 50 joules per square centimeter.
218 citations
TL;DR: Experimental results are given for the photoionization of rubidium vapor using a ruby-laser-pumped dye laser and a doubled ruby laser radiation, and photodissociation of HCl using the Raman-shifted output and the fourth harmonic output of a tunable Nd-glass laser.
Abstract: The general considerations for two-step photoionization of atoms and photodissociation of molecules using tunable laser sources are discussed. Experimental results are given for the (1) photoionization of rubidium vapor using a ruby-laser-pumped dye laser and a doubled ruby laser radiation, and (2) photodissociation of HCl using the Raman-shifted output and the fourth harmonic output of a tunable Nd-glass laser. The possibilities for other laser systems are also discussed.
182 citations
112 citations
TL;DR: Using a mode-locked ruby laser, frequency broadenings by self-modulation in filaments up to 17 000 cm -1 have been observed in water as mentioned in this paper, mainly due to its high threshold for stimulated Raman scattering.
53 citations
TL;DR: The diffraction efficiency and the resolving power of the materials has been measured and found to agree with calculations based on the models of a thermal phase grating and a grating produced by saturable absorption.
Abstract: Diffraction gratings have been induced in absorbing liquids and saturable glasses with a ruby laser. The mechanism for the production of the gratings has been discussed. The diffraction efficiency and the resolving power of the materials has been measured and found to agree with calculations based on the models of a thermal phase grating and a grating produced by saturable absorption.
52 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the spectral distribution of the recombination radiation from silicon during and after excitation by a Q-switched ruby laser has been measured and analyzed and the interpretation assumes a third-order (Auger) recombination process and a simple parabolic band structure.
50 citations
TL;DR: A method is described by which a ruby laser is used to sever the stylet bundles of feeding aphids, insures that the stylets remain in situ in the plant tissue during cutting.
Abstract: A method is described by which a ruby laser is used to sever the stylet bundles of feeding aphids. This technique insures that the stylets remain in situ in the plant tissue during cutting.
42 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a study of gas breakdown induced by the ultraviolet second harmonic of ruby laser radiation has revealed an anomalously high threshold intensity for hydrogen, and it has been demonstrated that the focal volume dependence of the breakdown threshold, of a number of molecular and noble gases, is influenced by the frequency of the incident radiation.
30 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of GaAs surface damage due to ruby and Ndglass laser radiation was presented, where the laser wavelengths chosen represent photon energies both above and below the band gap, and the damage threshold was approximately 107 W/cm2, only a little higher than that for ruby laser radiation.
Abstract: A study of GaAs surface damage due to ruby and Nd‐glass laser radiation is presented. The laser wavelengths chosen represent photon energies both above and below the band gap. Garich material develops on the surface to a greater extent with conventional mode operation than with the Q‐switched mode. Although the nature of the surface preparation was seen to influence the damage threshold for the case of Q‐switched pulsing, no correlation was found to exist between the threshold and the absence, presence, or type of doping. The damage threshold for Nd‐glass laser radiation was approximately 107 W/cm2, only a little higher than that for ruby laser radiation. For Nd‐glass laser radiation, the damage appears to be connected with material flaws which are especially susceptible to damage due to their proximity to the surface.
27 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a tunable dye laser system pumped by a ruby laser was used to generate IR radiation from 4.1 to 5.2 μm. But the IR radiation was obtained as output in the spectral region.
TL;DR: In this article, an ultrafast shutter based on the saturable properties of polymethine cyanide dyes was proposed, with a variable shutter speed of 10-40 psec and more.
Abstract: We propose an ultrafast shutter, based on the saturable properties of polymethine cyanide dyes, with a variable shutter speed of 10–40 psec and more. With this, one can measure the pulse duration of the mode‐locked ruby laser pulse. We can also deduce the fluorescence decay time of these solutions employed.
TL;DR: In this paper, a mode-locked ruby laser has been built, utilizing a new kind of prism ring cavity that gives reliable single-transverse-mode operation, when Q switched and when operated in normal lasing action.
Abstract: A mode-locked ruby laser has been built, utilizing a new kind of prism ring cavity that gives reliable single-transverse-mode operation. The cavity also operates in single-transverse mode when Q switched and when operated in normal lasing action.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the peaks of the spectrum are superimposed when the scattered light is passed through a Fabry-Perot etalon of free spectral frequency range equal to the electron cyclotron frequency.
Abstract: For scattering wavenumbers k such that alpha =(1/k lambda D) > Omega e, that resolution of the spectrum shape by conventional means is not possible. It is shown in this paper that the peaks are superimposed when the scattered light is passed through a Fabry-Perot etalon of free spectral frequency range equal to the electron cyclotron frequency. The resulting modulation, and consequently the effect of the magnetic field, can then be detected even with a ruby laser source.
TL;DR: In this paper, the gain of stimulated Raman scattering was measured quantitatively as a function of frequency using a tunable dye laser and a ruby laser as signal and pump light source, respectively.
TL;DR: In this article, the wavelength dependence of the molecular optical anisotropy is discussed from quantum theoretical treatment and semi-empiric formulations using laser waves and their harmonics.
TL;DR: In this article, a hydrogen plasma was produced with a CO2 TEA laser of about 1 MW power, which was investigated with probes, streak and short-time photography, transmission measurements, holographic interferometry, and shadowgrams with a ruby laser.
Abstract: A hydrogen plasma is produced with a CO2 TEA laser of about 1 MW power. The plasma is investigated with probes, streak and short‐time photography, transmission measurements, holographic interferometry, and shadowgrams with a ruby laser. The measurements are compared with a theory of plasma production by laser from solid targets and good agreement has been found. Recombination is found to be important in this experiment.
TL;DR: In this article, measurements of temperature in laser pulse induced gas breakdown were described, and it was shown that for these conditions temperatures deduced from absolute values of soft X-ray flux transmitted through a metal filter are subject to much less error than those deduced using the two foil ratio technique.
Abstract: Measurements of temperature in laser pulse induced gas breakdown are described. Data are presented for breakdown in air and helium at atmospheric pressure and above by ruby laser pulses up to 200 MW. Temperatures in the range 35 eV to 55 eV were obtained. It is shown that for these conditions temperatures deduced from absolute values of soft X-ray flux transmitted through a metal filter are subject to much less error than those deduced using the two foil ratio technique.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the multiphoton ionisation of caesium by ruby laser light and found that over a small range of light flux, the ionisation rate decreases as the light flux increases, attributed to the Stark shift of the quasi-resonant 9D levels.
TL;DR: In this paper, laser action at 4730 A has been observed in perylene dissolved in benzene when excited by the second harmonic of a Q -switched ruby laser, for concentrations between 10 -4 and 5×10 -3 M/ Characteristics of emission are presented.
TL;DR: In this article, the deviations from Beer-Lambert's law and other related phenomena in solutions illuminated by a ruby laser are analyzed and criticized carefully, including the steady state and optically thin approximation as compared with the exact solution of a set of coupled differential equations which describe the temporal and spatial changes of the photons and populations of various energy levels.
Abstract: The methods of calculating the deviations from Beer‐Lambert's law and other related phenomena in solutions illuminated by a ruby laser are analyzed and criticized carefully. These methods include the steady‐state and optically thin approximation as compared with the exact solution of a set of coupled differential equations which describe the temporal and spatial changes of the photons and populations of the various energy levels. Critical evaluation of the validity of the approximation is given. The computations are compared with the experimental data of Beer's law deviations, pulse shaping, recovery of the ground state after excitation, and blue and red fluorescence of solutions of cryptocyanine. A set of absorption cross sections and decay rates which fits best all these experiments is deduced.
TL;DR: LiNbO3 has been found to emit strong luminescence when irradiated by a ruby laser beam, and the effect is closely related to so-called ''optical index damage'', and provides a new means for studying that phenomenon as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: LiNbO3 has been found to emit strong luminescence when irradiated by a ruby laser beam. The luminescence varies linearly with input power, is broad band, independent of crystal orientation, and decreases exponentially with the inverse absolute temperature, as does the luminescence decay time. The effect is closely related to so‐called ``optical index damage'', and provides a new means for studying that phenomenon.
TL;DR: In this paper, a Ruby laser produced dissociation and ionisation of heavy hydrocarbon molecules has been observed at a pressure of 10−9 torr. The measured ion and electron energies are of order 6 eV, which is much larger than predicted by simple multiphoton ionisation theory.
TL;DR: In this paper, the first study of jitter in a laser triggered spark gap switched by pulse trains from a mode-locked ruby laser is described, where the gap was fired by producing gas breakdown in a high pressure argonnitrogen mixture between the pole pieces.
Abstract: The first study of jitter in a laser triggered spark gap switched by pulse trains from a mode‐locked ruby laser is described. The spark gap was fired by producing gas breakdown in a high pressure argon‐nitrogen mixture between the pole pieces. Jitter was measured as a function of the position of the lens used to focus the laser beam and as a function of the ratio of the applied voltage to the self‐breakdown voltage of the gap. Jitter values of less than 2 nsec were obtained under optimum conditions provided that the gap was fired by the early part of the pulse train.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of the ruby laser irradiation on the surface of some III-V semiconducting compounds are studied and discussed, and the principal parameters that govern the laser damage are found as the melting temperature and the microhardness.
Abstract: A few of the effects of the ruby laser irradiation on the surface of some III-V semiconducting compounds are studied and discussed. The principal parameters that govern the laser damage are found as the melting temperature and the microhardness.
TL;DR: In this paper, the two-photon photodissociation cross section is −52 cm 4 sec photon −1 molecule −1, and the product yields varied quadratically with laser power.
TL;DR: In this paper, a new determination of the singlet-singlet annihilation rate constant in crystalline anthracene based on simultaneous measurements of the fluorescence quantum yield and of fluorescence decay was presented.
Abstract: We present a new determination of the singlet-singlet annihilation rate constant in crystalline anthracene based on simultaneous measurements of the fluorescence quantum yield and of the fluorescence decay. Optical excitation was achieved by the second harmonic of a ruby laser. A detailed kinetic scheme for singlet-exciton kinematics is discussed with particular emphasis on the role of metastable exciton states in an organic molecular crystal. Finally, we consider the problem of stimulated emission and light amplification from crystalline anthracene and explore the possibility of utilizing this molecular crystal as an active optical element in a molecular-crystal laser.
TL;DR: A system that uses a mode-locked laser to record double exposure holograms of a rapidly changing object is described, and experimental results are presented that show the state of motion of a thin mirror.
Abstract: A system that uses a mode-locked laser to record double exposure holograms of a rapidly changing object is described. A saturable absorber is used to mode-lock a ruby laser, producing a train of pulses of very short duration. Two of the pulses are selected by rapidly switching a Kerr cell shutter arrangement. When these two pulses are used to produce a hologram of a moving object, an interference pattern results from which information about the object motion can be extracted. Experimental results are presented that show the state of motion of a thin mirror. Some features of the motion, which would be difficult to detect using a system with less time resolution, are clearly visible in the hologram reconstructions.
TL;DR: In this paper, the time development of line radiation emitted from a plasma produced by focusing a Q-switched ruby laser onto a solid magnesium target has been investigated in the vacuum-ultraviolet wavelength region using a 2m grazing incidence monochromator.
Abstract: The time development of line radiation emitted from a plasma produced by focusing a Q‐switched ruby laser onto a solid magnesium target has been investigated in the vacuum‐ultraviolet wavelength region using a 2‐m grazing incidence monochromator. The electron temperature was obtained using the foil‐absorption method. The time of appearance of MgIX and MgX lines at the target was measured as a function of the laser power. For the lowest laser power at which both ionic lines appeared, MgIX radiated before MgX. The appearance time of each line decreased as laser power was increased until at the higher powers they appeared at about the same time‐2 nsec after the beginning of the laser pulse. The ionization processes occurring in front of the target are discussed using a simple model for the plasma. From the time of appearance of the lines, conclusions on the electron temperature in the ``heating zone'' can be drawn as well as on an over‐all heating rate.