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Showing papers on "Ruby laser published in 1986"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of the decomposition of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) using a high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer was performed.
Abstract: This paper describes a study of the decomposition of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) using a high‐resolution time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer. The decomposition was induced by fracturing single crystals and by laser irradiation. In the fracture experiments, the energy input was varied from the lowest level necessary to produce smooth cleavage surfaces to high‐energy loading which produced rough conchoidal fracture surfaces. In the laser experiments, a ruby laser was used in both normal and Q‐switched modes, and again the energy input was varied. For all the various experiments, the reaction products were analyzed and reaction schemes are proposed. It is shown that low‐energy fracture causes decomposition which follows the same reaction pathway as that induced thermally, with initial failure at the RO‐NO2 bond. However, high‐energy fracture results in the breaking of the C‐C bonds. Two reaction pathways were observed with the laser irradiation. The first is the normal thermal process, but evidence was also found for failure at the R‐ONO2 bond. The reaction continued for several milliseconds after the end of the laser pulse, suggesting a ‘‘partial’’ ignition of the explosive. In other experiments, the conditions for laser initiation of PETN in vacuum were investigated. Explosion occurred when Q‐switched pulses of 1 J energy were applied to a molten layer of PETN.

52 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the intensity-dependent transmission of picosecond ruby laser pulses of different duration through methanolic and ethanolic solutions of rhodamine B and Rhodamine 6G was analyzed.
Abstract: The intensity-dependent transmission of picosecond ruby laser pulses of different duration through methanolic and ethanolic solutions of rhodamine B and rhodamine 6G is analysed. The transmission is affected by S0-S n two-photon absorption, by stimulated emission at the pump-laser frequency, by amplified spontaneous emission and by excited-state absorption. Various parameters involving the two-photon absorption dynamics are determined by comparing experiments with numerical simulations.

49 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used time-resolved reflectivity measurements and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry to study the explosive crystallization of amorphous silicon during irradiation by a 32-ns FWHM ruby laser pulse.
Abstract: Explosive crystallization of Cu implanted amorphous silicon during irradiation by a 32‐ns FWHM ruby laser pulse has been studied using time‐resolved reflectivity measurements and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. From interferences in the reflectivity, the position and the velocity of the self‐propagating melt have been deduced as a function of time. A maximum average velocity of 13±2 m/s has been obtained. The reflectivity behavior indicates the presence of crystalline nuclei in the melt.

39 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Pulses of up to 100-μs duration with coherence up to and exceeding 11 m at 2.5 μs were produced, and the considerably increased coherence length will find applications in many fields of pulsed holography, and its use with fiber optics is particularity promising.
Abstract: In testing a holgraphic particle track recording system for the Fermilab 15-ft bubble chamber, it was shown that the peak power of Q-switched laser pulses (~50-ns duration) at the required energy gave rise to boiling during the chamber expansion A pulse stretching technique is described which was developed to reduce the peak power Applied to a ruby laser (oscillator and three amplifiers) with a maximum Q-switched output of 30 J, pulses of up to 100-μs duration with coherence up to and exceeding 11 m at 25 μs were produced These pulses were amplified to ~5 J without shape degradation The considerably increased coherence length will find applications in many fields of pulsed holography, and its use with fiber optics is particularity promising

35 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, fast photocurrent transients were measured at single crystalline electrodes employing a nanosecond ruby laser as a light source and the effect of redox reagents such as EDTA or Ag+ on the photocurrent transient was investigated.
Abstract: Fast photocurrent transients were measured at single crystalline electrodes employing a nanosecond ruby laser as a light source. Dependence of the transients on laser intensity showed that the photocurrent intensity increased proportionally to the laser intensity below ~100 nJ/pulse. With more intense light, the photocurrent intensity showed a saturation, and the shape of the transient was deformed, being accompanied with a structure. The transient photocurrent due to the photocorrosion was suppressed by the addition of EDTA or Ag+. Influence of redox reagents, such as and , on the photocurrent transient was investigated. Dependence of decay time on bias voltage and load resistance showed that the decay time was determined by the RC time constant of the cell system. The flatband potential can easily be determined by this technique plotting vs. or by considering the onset of photocurrent, as disturbances are low due to the small absolute number of photogenerated carriers involved.

24 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, Li and A1 beams were generated by ablation of thin, multi-layer targets using a Q-switched ruby laser with a total energy density up to 30 Jcm−2.
Abstract: An experiment is described where Li and A1 beams were generated by ablation of thin, multi-layer targets using a Q-switched ruby laser with a total energy density up to 30 Jcm−2. Measurements using laser- induced fluorescence and mass spectroscopy were combined to analyze the energy and density distribution and the temporal structure of the beams. The maximum translational energy observed was several eV for Li and an order of magnitude greater for A1 with a peak particle density in the range of 1010 cm−3 for both Li and Al.

23 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, reproducible generation of stationary ultra-short pulses (USPs) of above 7.4 ps duration was first obtained in an impulsive passive mode-locking ruby laser.

23 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the reproducible generation of steady-state ultrashort pulses with passive mode locking was achieved in a pulsed ruby laser, where the lasing was stabilized by a slow-response negative feedback established by an electrooptic switch.
Abstract: Reproducible generation of steady-state ultrashort pulses (of ~7.4 psec duration) was achieved for the first time in a pulsed ruby laser with passive mode locking. The lasing was stabilized by a slow-response negative feedback established by an electrooptic switch. An experimental study was made of the formation of steady-state ultrashort pulses from initial radiation fluctuations. The proposed method should be suitable for the generation of reproducible pulses of ~100 fsec duration in wide-band amplifying media.

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the threshold intensity for excitation of the stimulated Raman backscatter instability has been measured at 9.58 μm in a welldiagnosed plasma free of Brillouin scattering.
Abstract: The threshold intensity for excitation of the stimulated Raman backscatter instability has been measured at 9.58 μm in a well‐diagnosed plasma free of Brillouin scattering. The initial level of density fluctuations was independently measured by ruby laser scattering. The observed threshold of 1×1011 W/cm2 is somewhat below the calculated ‘‘absolute’’ threshold for underdense plasmas, and the apparent noise level is higher than that measured directly.

13 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an improved analysis of the refractive fringe diagnostic is developed, which is used to analyse shadowgrams obtained using a synchronised sub-nanosecond nitrogen laser to probe a ruby-laser produced plasma.
Abstract: An improved analysis of the refractive fringe diagnostic is developed. The assumption of a ring focus used by earlier workers is shown to be invalid. The improved technique is used to analyse shadowgrams obtained using a synchronised sub-nanosecond nitrogen laser to probe a ruby-laser-produced plasma. Electron density profiles are de-convolved.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an experiment demonstrating optical pulse narrowing of a 20 ns ruby laser pulse to a few ns in the isophase of the liquid-crystal cholesteryl oleate is reported.
Abstract: An experiment demonstrating optical pulse narrowing of a 6943‐A, 20‐ns ruby laser pulse to a few ns in the isophase of the liquid‐crystal cholesteryl oleate is reported. An analytical expression is derived for the backscattered intensity at the entrance to the scattering cell. Also, rough estimates of the pulse widths, time to reach intensity maximum, and asymmetry of the pulse shape are presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a transportable scanning lidar for studying clouds, plume dispersion, and stratospheric aerosal at any of three wavelengths is described, which can discriminate between parallel, orthogonal, or combined polarizations of backscatter in a multichannel receiver.
Abstract: A transportable scanning lidar for studying clouds, plume dispersion, and stratospheric aerosal at any of three wavelengths is described. A ruby laser transmits linearly polarized light of 694.3 nm wavelength at a maximum 0.8 s−1 pulse rate. The lidar can discriminate between parallel, orthogonal, or combined polarizations of backscatter in a multichannel receiver. The lidar can simultaneously operate at the frequency-doubled wavelength of 347.2 nm. A frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser, emitting at 532.0 nm and at a maximum pulse rate of 10 s−1, normally Performs mapping of plume structure. Range resolution, including receiver response, is less than 7 m. The sample interval is typically 3 m for plume experiments and 15 m for stratospheric aeroso1 profiles. Beam divergence is less than 1.0 mrad, and the receivers field of view is adjustable up to 6 mrad. The lidar's sensitivity can be altered over a wide dynamic range by selection of optical filters in the receiver and adjustments in the photomultipli...

01 Apr 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, the interaction between a laser plasma (generated by 20-ns 300-mJ pulses from a Q-switched ruby laser striking the tip of a metallic needle) and a 0.6-2.0-km/s planar or spherical shock wave (produced by electrical explosion of a 5 x 5-cm Al-coated dielectric film) is recorded on streak camera shadowgrams and analyzed.
Abstract: The strong absorption of a shock wave by a hot decaying laser or laser-induced carbon plasma (as observed by Barkhudarov et al., 1984, and Galkin et al., 1984) is investigated experimentally. The interaction between a laser plasma (generated by 20-ns 300-mJ pulses from a Q-switched ruby laser striking the tip of a metallic needle) and a 0.6-2.0-km/s planar or spherical shock wave (produced by electrical explosion of a 5 x 5-cm Al-coated dielectric film) is recorded on streak-camera shadowgrams and analyzed. It is found that the shock wavefront is accelerated and deformed by the lens action of the plasma and then relaxes in a time approximately equal to delta/C, where delta is the distance by which the shock wave leads the wavefront and C is the speed of sound behind the shock. The temperatures at the center of the plasma and at its edge when the primary shock wave separates from the hot plasma (2-3 microsec after the onset of breakdown) are estimated as 3400 and 1200 K, respectively. 6 references.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conducted an experimental and theoretical study of the desorption of 25 ns ruby laser pulses, of hydrogen implanted at ∼25 at. % concentration in c•Si.
Abstract: We have conducted an experimental and theoretical study of the desorption, by 25 ns ruby laser pulses, of hydrogen implanted at ∼25 at. % concentration in c‐Si. The evolution of the hydrogen depth profile was monitored by elastic recoil detection. The implantation or laser‐induced damage was observed by optical microscopy. The heat and hydrogen transport were modeled with a finite‐difference code. Desorption sets in at a very sharp threshold of (0.50±0.05) J/cm2 as a function of the laser energy fluence, corresponding to a peak temperature of ∼1000 K, and to minimal laser damage. The rate limiting process is detrapping with an activation energy of 1.2–1.5 eV, and an effective diffusion energy ≤0.1 eV.

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: One of the most significant discoveries of present medical engineering is that of the laser, which involves new, almost inconcievable perspectives in the fields of biological research and applications in the medical practice.
Abstract: One of the most significant discoveries of present medical engineering is that of the laser. It involves new, almost inconcievable perspectives in the fields of biological research and applications in the medical practice. In the very early time of the laser, there was a great expectation in connection with it’s special burning, vaporizing and coagulating effect. This idea proved to be true in the medical practice many times.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the Brillouin scattering in a cell 1 m long filled with a liquid was used to reduce the pulse duration by a factor of over 30 and the contrast of the Stokes pulses was found to be high.
Abstract: Giant pulses (?l ? 30?50 nsec) from a ruby laser were shortened to 2.5?1.2 nsec by stimulated Brillouin scattering in a cell 1 m long filled with a liquid. In the case of CCl4 a reduction in the pulse duration by a factor of over 30 was achieved and the contrast of the Stokes pulses was found to be high.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
23 Jun 1986
TL;DR: In this article, the deep red wavelength of a ruby laser produced ultraviolet light, a shorter wavelength harmonic of the fundamental laser radiation, as it was passed through a quartz crystal, and the Nd:YAG infrared laser was used to produce visible or ultraviolet light as it passed through the crystal of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP).
Abstract: The technology of frequency converting intense laser light was demonstrated during the early 1960s1. In the initial experiments, the deep red wavelength of a ruby laser produced ultraviolet light, a shorter wavelength harmonic of the fundamental laser radiation, as it was passed through a quartz crystal. Shortly afterwards the Nd:YAG infrared laser was used to produce visible or ultraviolet light as it passed through a crystal of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP).2.3 Today frequency conversion is a well characterized and widely used method of producing intense, coherent light at wavelengths unavailable from the source laser medium.

Journal ArticleDOI
A. J. Schell-Sorokin1, J. E. Demuth1
TL;DR: In this article, the surface oxide which forms directly upon O2 exposure is found to be similar to that which forms on the Si(111) cleaved 2×1 and the 7×7 reconstructed surfaces.
Abstract: The laser annealed Si(111) 1×1 surface with chemisorbed oxygen at submonolayer coverages and its irradiation with a ruby laser has been studied with ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and high-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy. The surface oxide which forms directly upon O2 exposure is found to be similar to that which forms on the Si(111) cleaved 2×1 and the 7×7 reconstructed surfaces. Ruby-laser irradiation converts this surface oxide at submonolayer coverages into clumps of silicon dioxide and regions of clean silicon. Both surface oxides show electronic transitions in the visible and ultraviolet energy region which may be related to known network and point defects in vitreous and crystalline silicon dioxide.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a nanosecond LED light pulse similar to the ruby laser light was used to calibrate a Thomson scattering device, and the continuous spectral region between 5500A and 7000 A was obtained using two different kinds of LED element.
Abstract: A nanosecond LED ligh pulse similar to the ruby laser light was used to calibrate a ruby laser Thomson scattering device. The continuous spectral region between 5500A and 7000 A was obtained using two different kinds of LED element. The calibration data was obtained within 1-2% fluctuation in the repeated experiments, and the uncertainty in the relative sensitivity calibration constant was below 2%. The following results were obtained using the nanosecond light source: The width of the light pulse was scarcely changed during the pulse's passage through the optics and electronics. The transmission time from entering the fiber optic system to entring the data acquisition system was determined in order to minimize the gate duration.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a real-time interferometer employing a Q-switched ruby laser was used to record transient optical disturbances, and interference fringes were produced in the viewing plane that could be recorded on photographic film.
Abstract: A new experimental method is described in which the electrostrictive effect in a liquid is made visible. A real-time interferometer employing a Q-switched ruby laser was used to record transient optical disturbances. When a pulse voltage, synchronized with the laser pulse, was applied to the test object, interference fringes were produced in the viewing plane that could be recorded on photographic film. Experimental results are presented, together with a model for interpretation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the generation of high-power (#62;10MW) 1.6-ns single-longitudinal mode TEM 00 ruby laser pulses by passive Q-switching; these are believed to be the shortest Ruby laser pulses yet produced by this method.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The spectrum of an indium plasma produced by a 1.5 J, 25 ns ruby laser was recorded in the XUV and the spectrum is dominated by 4p-5s transitions in a number of ion stages.
Abstract: The spectrum of an indium plasma produced by a 1.5 J, 25 ns ruby laser was recorded in the XUV. At wavelengths below 100 A, the spectrum is dominated by 4p-5s transitions in a number of ion stages. Many lines arising from 4p64d-4p54d5s, 4p6-4p55s and 4p5-4p45s transitions in In XIII, In XIV and In XV have been identified by isoelectronic extrapolation and Dirac-Fock calculations.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a KZnF3:Cr3+ crystal with ruby laser radiation to achieve quasi-quasicontinuous generation of infrared laser pulses of 0.1 msec duration.
Abstract: Quasicontinuous generation of infrared laser pulses of ~0.1 msec duration was achieved by pumping a KZnF3:Cr3+ crystal with ruby laser radiation. Tuning was possible in the range Δλ ≈ 785–865 nm. The KZnF3:Cr3+ laser was tested in an intracavity spectrum analyzer, which was used to study the absorption spectra of atmospheric air and of plasma.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a Q-switched ruby laser was used to process titanium films of thicknesses 300, 500 and 1000 A deposited onto (100) single-crystal silicon substrates.



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the basic questions which must be taken into account in the development of powerful dye lasers, pumped by nanosecond pulses, suitable for use in wide-range laser systems with highly efficient nonlinear frequency converter.
Abstract: This paper examines the basic questions which must be taken into account in the development of powerful dye lasers, pumped by nanosecond pulses, suitable for use in wide-range laser systems with highly efficient nonlinear frequency converter for the example of the development of a dye laser pumped by a single-pulse ruby laser. The optical layout of the dye laser pumped by a single-pulse ruby laser is shown. It is shown that the energy efficiency of the operation of dye amplifiers depends substantially both on the power density of the amplified signal and on the power density of the radiation. The use of a radiation frequency converter based on stimulated Raman scattering in compressed hydrogen at the output of the laser system developed enabled covering the spectral range 1.1-8.11 mm with powerful laser radiation.

Book
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: The Great Future of Laser Medicine and Surgery After and New Developments in PDT are presented.
Abstract: Inhaltsverzeichnis-Contents.- I/Part 7. Internationaler Kongress/7th International Congress Laser '85 Optoelektronik.- In Memoriam Prof. Dr. Endre Mester.- The Great Future of Laser Medicine and Surgery After.- Laser - Chirurgie/Laser Surgery.- Indikationen fur den CO2-Laser bei Larynx- und Trachealstenosen.- Erfahrungen mit einem unbrennbaren Tubus bei endolaryngealen Lasereingriffen.- Die Therapie der mannlichen Harnrohrenstriktur mit dem Argonlaser.- Zur Problematik der Harnrohrenstrikturbehandlung mittels Laser.- Einfluss der Tumorgrosse auf die Behandlungsergebnisse experimenteller Tumore mit dem CO2-Laser.- Die Anwendung des Neodym-YAG-Lasers in der palliativen Behandlung des Rektumkarzinoms sowie in der Behandlung des villusen Rektumpolypens.- Direct Surgical Procedures on Cardiac Tissue by Different Lasers Compared with Cryodestructive Treatment.- Optical Parameters of Brain Tissue and Tumors of the Brain in the Spectral Range 200 - 900 nm.- Laser - Gynakologie/Laser Gynaecology.- Behandlung der Dysplasien von Portio vaginalis mit dem CO2-Laser.- Laser(mikro)chirurgische Tubenrekonstruktion bei tubarer Sterilitat mit dem CO2-Laserstrahl (Videofilm).- Erfahrungen mit der CO2-Laser-Bestrahlung bei der Therapie des Vulvakarzinoms.- Photodynamische Therapie/Photodynamic Therapy.- New Developments in PDT.- Die Laser-Photoradiotherapie beim menschlichen Harnblasenkarzinom.- Hematoporphyrin and Laser for the Treatment of CNS Infections.- Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence and Photochemical Effect of Hematoporphyrin on Cancer Cell Using a Nd: YAG Laser.- Time-Resolved Fluorescence of Hematoporphyrin Derivative in Tumor Cells and Animal Tissues.- Laser - Dermatologie/Laser Dermatology.- Argon Laser Therapy of Port Wine Stains - Statistical Analysis.- Acht Jahre Lasertherapie - Statistische Ergebnisse.- Kuhlung der Haut bei der Laserbehandlung von Gefassmalern.- Combined Surgical and Laser Treatment of Nevi in Children.- Laser - Biostimulation/Laser Biostimulation.- Mester's Method of Laser Biostimulation.- Dermatologische Indikationen fur die Laser-Reiztherapie.- Erfahrungen mit dem He-Ne-Laser bei Herpes-Erkrankungen.- Klinische Anwendung des Lasers bei Ulcus cruris.- Muglichkeiten der erfolgreichen Behandlung von Schmerzen und Bewegungseinschrankungen bei Arthrosen und rheumatischen Arthitiden mit Infrarot- und He-Ne-Lasern.- Erste Erfahrungen mit Lasertherapie in der Behandlung von kleinen Gelenken bei chronischer Polyarthritis.- Application of the Laser Radiation for Tropical Diseases.- Laser Treatment of Periodontopathies.- Biochemische Lichteffekte durch Laser.- Veranderungen der Parameter auf der Hautoberflache infolge der Einwirkung von Softlasern.- Scheme of Laser Therapy Units and Their Technical Protocols in Dosimetry.- Tierexperimentelle elektronenmikroskopische Studie uber die Wirkung des Helium-Neon-Lasers.- Low Power Laser Radiation does not Alter the Trychophyton/Mentagrophytes (FMR 771) in Vitro.- Measurement of ATP Concentration Increases in Lymphocytes Biostimulated with the 904 nm IR Laser (Experimental Procedure).- Ruby Laser Effects on the Blood Flow in Micro Vessels.- Effects of Laser Radiation on Bacteria.- Low Intensity Laser Irradation Promotes More Rapid Repair of Bone Fractures, Experimental Demonstration.- Effect of He-Ne-Laser on Healing of Wounds.- Laser - Photobiologie/Laser Photobiology.- Dye-Laser and He-Ne/IR Laser Application in Photodermatological Research and Therapy.- Messung bewerteter Strahlungsgrossen im UV zur Analyse aktinischer Effekte.- Resonanz Raman Spektroskopie an Algenpigmenten in vivo.- Experimental Results of Raman Studies with Active E.Coli Cells.- Laser - Sicherheit/Laser Safety.- Criteria for Safety Measures During Operation of an High-Power Laser-Satellite Tracking Station.- Anmerkungen zu einem in Osterreich herausgegebenen Merkblatt (AUVA) uber die Sicherheit bei der medizinischen Anwendung des Lasers.- Optoelektronische Messverfahren und Laser fur Medizinische Anwendungen/Optoelectronic Measurement Techniques and Laser for Medical Applications.- Optical Fiber Temperature Sensing in Medicine.- Faseroptisches Messsystem zur Erfassung dermaler Blutdruckschwankungen.- Method of Correlation Measurement for Blood Flow Velocity in Microcirculation.- Ein Laser-Verfahren fur Durchblutungsmessungen an Beinulcera.- Qualitatskontrolle von pharmazeutischen Grundmaterialien und Arzneimitteln mit dem Laser-Nephelometer.- Multiple Pulse Q-switched Nd: YAG Laser.- Application of Nd: YAG Laser in Medical Science Area.- II/Part II 2nd International Nd: YAG Laser Conference.- Special Preface.- Maiman Lecture G. Nath, P. Kiefhaber Transmission Systems for Laser Radiation and Incoherent Light Sources in Medicine.- New Developments.- Interaction of Intensive ns-laserpulses with Biological Matter.- Comparative Investigation of Tissue Reaction with 1.06?m and 1.32?m Nd: YAG Laser Radiation.- Thermal Distribution from Inserted Optical Fibers.- of a Newly Developed Contact Ceramic Probe Connected to a Laser Optical Quartz Fiber for Wide Applications in Medicine and Surgery.- Nd-YAG Lasers in a Health Care Facility - Implementation, Training and Nursing Responsibilities.- Gastroenterology.- Bleeding Ulcers, Results with Nd-YAG Laser Coagulation.- Present Status of Laser Medicine and Laser Endoscopic Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancers in Japan.- Treatment of Upper Digestive Cancer with Nd-YAG Laser and Endoscopy: With Focus on the Improvement of Cardiac Stricture.- Neodymium YAG Laser for the Treatment of Anal Condylomata.- YAG Laser Treatment for Stenosis due to Advanced Cancer of Esophagus and Stomach-Non-Contact and Contact Irradiation.- Nd: YAG Laser Therapy of Colorectal Tumors - Indications and Limits.- Total Hemorrhoidectomy with the Neodymium: YAG Laser - 300 Cases.- A Coaptive Laser Fibre Endcap to Enhance. Photocoagulation of Large Diameter Vessels.- Contact Methods of Endoscopic Laser Treatment.- Studies on the Application of the Newly Developed Laser Microprobes for the Nd-YAG Laser Endoscopy.- Preliminary Report Using the Contact Endoprobes and the Laser Scalpel with the Neodymium:YAG Laser in Gastrointestinal Surgery.- Nd-YAG Lasers in Abdominal Surgery.- Liver Resection with the Nd: YAG Laser: A Comparison of a New Contact Probe, the Laser Scalpel, with the Conventional Non-Contact Method.- New Indications for Neodym-YAG-Laser in Pediatric Surgery.- Effects of Non-Contact Nd-YAG Laser Photoradiation in Intra-Abdominal Tissues.- Histochemical Examination of Parenchymal Organs after Neodym-YAG-Laser Coagulation.- Vagolysis and Mucosal Antrectomy by Contact. Intra-Gastric Nd: YAG Laser Photoradiation.- Neurosurgery, Otolaryngcology.- The Laser in the Neurosurgery.- Endoscopic Laser Procedures in Neurosurgery.- Anastomosis of the Sciatic Nerve of the Rat with the Modified Nd-YAG Laser. A Preliminary Report.- Laser Assisted Repair of Small Blood Vessels with the 1,3 ?m Nd:YAG Laser.- Preliminary Experiences with Argon and Nd:YAG Scalpel Laser in Neurosurgery.- Nd-YAG Laser Antrostomy Using a Flexible Fiberscopefor Chronic Sinusitis.- Contact YAG Laser Surgery in the Treatment of the Head and Neck Tumors.- Localized Hyperthermia Using Contact YAG Laser in the Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer.- Pulmonary, Cardiology.- Endobronchial Laser Treatment of Tumor Stenoses of the Bronchial System.- Photodynamic Therapy in the Digestive Tract: An International Enquiry.- A Comparative Study of the Acute Effects of Contact Versus Non-Contact Delivery of Nd:YAG Laser Energy on the Canine Arterial Wall.- Nd-YAG Lasers in the Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias.- Dermatology, Oral surgery, Gynaecology.- Lasers in Dermatology.- Preliminary Clinical Studies in Dermatology with Q Switched Nd:YAG Laser.- Laser Treatment of Benign, Premalignant, and Malignant Neoplasms of the Oral Mucosa.- Neodym-YAG Laser Treatment of Recurrent Oral Angiomas.- Nd-YAG-Laser Therapy of Teleangiectasias.- Nd-YAG-Laser Therapies in Dental and Oral Surgery.- Local Haemostasis by Nd-YAG Laser After Dental Surgery Treatments in Patients with Severe Haemorrhagic Diathesis.- Application of Newly-developed Contact Type Surgical Rod for Nd:YAG Laser Conization of Uterine Cer.- Neodymium YAG Laser for Malignant Tumors of the Esophagus, Stomach and Duodenum.- Urology.- Nd:YAG Laser Application in Urological Tumors.- Clinical Experience with the use of the Neodymium:YAG Laser in Treatment of Bladder Tumor. A Two-Year Follow-Up.- Clinical Importance of Neodymium YAG Laser in Urology.- Neuromuscular Reparation after Extended Neodymium:YAG Laser Coagulation.- Interstitial Laser Irradiation for Bladder Cancer.- Treatment of Tumors of the Upper Urinary Tract by Neodymium YAG Laser.- Percutaneous Ureter Occlusion with the Neodymium-YAG Laser.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, thin Ni overlayers (20nm -100nm) are evaporated onto the SiC surface and the specimens are subsequently irradiated with pulses of a ruby or excimer (KrF or XeCl) laser or bombarded with high energy Si+ or X e+ ions.
Abstract: Pulsed laser annealing and ion beam mixing are currently being investigated as surface modification techniques in an attempt to enhance the mechanical properties of poly crystalline α-SiC. Thin Ni overlayers (20nm -100nm) are evaporated onto the SiC surface. The specimens are subsequently irradiated with pulses of a ruby or excimer (KrF or XeCl) laser or bombarded with high energy Si+ or Xe+ ions. Following laser irradiation, the fracture strength of the SiC is increased by as much as ≃50%, but after ion beam mixing, no strength increase is observed. Weibull statistics are used to characterize the SiC fracture strength data before and after surface modification. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (X-TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), and Rutherford backs cattering (RBS) techniques are used to characterize the modified SiC in order to determine the cause for the increase in fracture strength and the extent of mixing as a result of the surface modification.