Ruby laser

About: Ruby laser is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2474 publications have been published within this topic receiving 38933 citations. The topic is also known as: corundum laser & ruby rod.

Power Output Characteristics of a Ruby Laser

Abstract: The theoretical power output of a ruby laser is examined under certain idealized operating conditions, and it is found that there are two principal regions of operation. These are the regions of strong oscillation characterized by the condition pτ2/A»hν13/σ13 and the region of saturation in which pτ3/A»hν13/σ13. Here p/A is the ``pumping'' illumination within the absorption band of ruby, τ2 is a charactersitic relaxation time of fluorescence in ruby, τ3 is a characteristic thermal relaxation time from the excited U band, ν13 is the pumping frequency, and σ13 is the cross section for interaction between pumping radiation and Cr3+ ions in ruby. Efficiency of operation is examined under two limiting conditions.

Laser-attenuative optical filter

Abstract: An optical filter for absorbing neodymium YAG-doubled laser radiation at 532 nanometers, comprising a polymeric matrix of transparent polycarbonate containing platinum deuteroporphyrin IX dimethyl ester, has an optical density of 1.8 at 532 nm while having a photopic luminous visible transmission of 53.8%. Optionally, the filter may contain other additives for absorption at other laser wavelengths, such as vanadyl tetra-4-tert-butylphthalocyanine for absorption of ruby laser radiation at 694 nanometers and tris(p-diethylaminophenyl)aminium hexafluoroantimonate for absorption of neodymium YAG laser radiation at 1064 nanometers.

Generation of 16‐μm radiation by four‐wave mixing in para‐hydrogen

Abstract: A 16‐μm source based upon the combined effects of stimulated rotational Raman scattering and four‐wave mixing in gaseous para‐hydrogen has been experimentally demonstrated. The input beams were synchronized pulses from a ruby laser and a CO2 TEA laser. Pulses with ∼2 μJ of energy were generated at 627.8 cm−1.

High-speed time-resolved visualisation of laser-induced plasma explosions

Abstract: The early evolution of laser-induced plasma explosions has been investigated by means of a high-speed time-resolved schlieren visualisation. Images were obtained with a high-speed video camera yielding frame rates of up to 1 million frames per second at a frame resolution of 312 by 260 pixels. With this setup it was possible to resolve the temporal development of the ionised plasma kernel and its associated shock wave. The plasma is formed by focusing a pulsed ruby laser beam, with pulse energies of up to 4.5 J. The time-resolved visual data have been used to yield shock speeds, from which, together with direct energy measurements, one can determine the portion of energy released by the plasma explosion to drive the shock. Shock sphericity as well as plasma growth and emission lifetimes have also been evaluated. The location of longest emission lifetime was found to change as a function of laser pulse energy: for high energy pulses, the longest-living plasma luminosity was located ahead of the focal spot, i.e. closer to the laser source, while with lower energy pulses the longest-living plasma luminosity was located behind the focal spot. This behaviour was also observed for double-pulsed plasma explosions, when a second laser pulse was generated with a delay time of 50 μs. The experiments show that for single pulses, more than 50 percent of the laser energy is expended in generating the shock wave.

High‐intensity narrow light pulse produced by self‐focusing in laser spark

Abstract: The shape of the laser light pulse transmitted through the spark produced in air by the same light pulse is investigated. A single‐mode and single‐frequency ruby laser is used. A narrow spike, overriding the amplitude of the original light pulse, is observed in the transmitted light. The spike is explained as the result of self‐focusing taking place in the plasma. The amplitude and the time of the appearance of the spike, i.e., of the self‐focused pulse, is investigated independently of the different experimental parameters. The light scattered by the spark is also observed; furthermore, clear experimental evidence of the self‐focusing taking place during the cascade ionization process is presented.