Ruby laser

About: Ruby laser is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2474 publications have been published within this topic receiving 38933 citations. The topic is also known as: corundum laser & ruby rod.

Optical bistability and differential gain between 85 and 296 °K in a Fabry‐Perot containing ruby

Abstract: Bistability, differential gain, discriminator, clipper, and limier actions were observed using a plano‐concave Fabry‐Perot cavity containing ruby. Input powers were approximately 20 mW from a cw ruby laser. Operation wa anticipated near 77 °K where the R1 transition was nearly resonant with the laser. However, the device functioned at room temperature. The refractive index of ruby depends on the fractional ground‐state population. Driving the R lines leads to a nonlinear refractive index due to dispersive contributions from nonresonant pump and charge‐transfer bands, which explains the room‐temperature operation.

Laser‐generated pulsed atomic beams

Abstract: The irradiation of thin films of solid material by a moderate energy (0.5 J/pulse) Q‐switched ruby laser beam has been used to produce intense pulses of neutral atoms and molecules in the 1 to 10 eV energy range. For a given total laser beam energy, both the flux and energy range of atoms within the pulse can be varied within limits by adjusting the energy density of the laser light at the target surface. As observed at a distance of 60 cm from a thin BiF3 compound target, the flux of 5 eV fluorine atoms from a typical burst was estimated to be about 1.3×107 atoms/cm2/sec. For the same burst, the flux integrated over the 1 to 10 eV range yields a value of ∼2×1013 atom/cm2. Similar results were obtained with aluminum and uranium thin films.

Ruby laser Q-switching elements using phthalocyanine molecules in solution

Abstract: Following the original suggestion of R. W. Hellwarth, 1 many investigators have succeeded in obtaining coherent light from optically pumped solid state lasers in the form of intense, sharp, single pulses. These pulses are commonly referred to as “giant” pulses, in recognition of the fact that their peak intensity far exceeds that of any of the several pulses (“spikes”) which are normally emitted in several-hundred-microsecond bursts when a laser is pumped beyond threshold. The duration of a giant pulse is usually only a few tens of nanoseconds. In contrast, the duration of each spike in the output of a normally operated laser is several hundred nanoseconds.

Rayleigh Scattering of Ruby Laser Light in Neutral Gases.

Abstract: Measurements of Rayleigh scattering from atoms and molecules in the gaseous state at 1-atm pressure are described. The use of a Q-switched ruby laser of 8-MW average power and care in minimizing spurious light permitted the determination of very small depolarizations. No depolarization could be detected in the scattering from argon and helium. However, finite depolarization ratios ρν (for vertically polarized incident light) were measured for xenon and methane: 1.55(±0.25) × 10−4 and 1.27 (±0.23) × 10−4, respectively. Departures from ideal-gas behavior provide the most plausible explanation for these findings.Depolarization ratios were also measured in hydrogen, deuterium, nitrogen, and nitrous oxide, and were found to be lower than generally accepted values. Measured differential-scattering cross sections at 60° for He, Ar, Xe, CH4, H2, D2, N2, and N2O were within experimental error of values calculated from known indices of refraction. The angular dependence of Rayleigh scattering in N2 as a function of the polarization states of both incident and scattered radiation was studied from 30° to 150°, and was found to be in agreement with theory.