Topic
Ruby laser
About: Ruby laser is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2474 publications have been published within this topic receiving 38933 citations. The topic is also known as: corundum laser & ruby rod.
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TL;DR: Shadowgraph techniques, using a Q-switched ruby laser as a light source, have been used to examine the shock waves produced in air and in water by focusing CO(2) TEA laser radiation at an air-water interface, finding that the shock speed in water decays to the sound speed within 0.5 microsec.
Abstract: Shadowgraph techniques, using a Q-switched ruby laser as a light source, have been used to examine the shock waves produced in air and in water by focusing CO2 TEA laser radiation at an air–water interface. It is found that the shock speed in water decays to the sound speed within 0.5 μsec, while the shock speed in air persists at values higher than the sound speed for times long compared to 0.5 μsec.
30 citations
TL;DR: Q-switches 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser toning offered superior results in the treatment of melasma in the Japanese skin type compared with the Q-switched ruby laser, both ultrastructurally with less immediately post-treatment cellular damage and macroscopically, and a longer recurrence-free interval.
Abstract: Background: Melasma still presents as a difficult entity to treat, especially in the Asian skin phe-notype. Recently laser toning with the Q-switched Nd:YAG has attracted attention. The present study investigated the efficacy of Q-switched Nd:YAG laser toning for melasma, with a histopathological comparison with the Q-switched ruby laser.
Subjects and Methods: Eight Japanese females (41–57 yr, mean 52.5 yr) with Fitzpatrick skin type III and bilateral melasma participated in the study. One half of each subject's face (randomly chosen) was treated with Q-switched 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser toning (pulse width 5–20 ns; spot size, 6 mm diameter; fluence, 3.0 J/cm2, 5–7 passes, once/week, 4 weeks: QS:YAG group), and the contralateral half with a single treatment using a Q-switched ruby laser (694.5 nm, pulse width 20 ns, spot size 4 mm diameter; fluence 4.0 J/cm2, 1 pass with approximately 20% overlap: QS:Ruby group). Skin biopsies were taken immediately after the 4th Nd:YAG session and the single ruby session, and histopathological comparison was performed with light- and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Results: Improvement in melasma pigmentation was seen in both the QS:YAG- and QS:Ruby-treat-ed sides, and this was well-maintained in the QS:YAG group. Ultrastructurally, melanin granules were destroyed in both groups, but there was considerably more morphological epidermal and dermal damage in the QS:Ruby specimens compared with minimal epidermal disruption and cellular damage in the QS:YAG specimens.
Conclusions: Q-switched 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser toning offered superior results in the treatment of melasma in the Japanese skin type compared with the Q-switched ruby laser, both ultrastructurally with less immediately post-treatment cellular damage and macroscopically, and a longer recurrence-free interval.
30 citations
01 Nov 1970
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the acceleration of dense plasma due to nonlinear collisionless interaction resulting mainly from collective effects in the form of a superlinearly increased radiation pressure.
Abstract: Ruby laser intensities exceedingI* - 1014 W/cm2 create a predominant acceleration of dense plasma due to nonlinear collisionless interaction resulting mainly from collective effects. Recoil causes confinement of the plasma interior in the form of a superlinearly increased radiation pressure. Similar nonlinear forces produce self-focusing in plasmas at a threshold laser power of only 105 to 106 W. The resulting filaments have intensitiesI*, from which their diameter can be determined in agreement with measurements of Korobkin and Alcock. These high intensities should allow some observed properties of laser produced plasmas (keV ions, linear increase of the ion charge) to be interpreted on the basis of the nonlinear acceleration described.
30 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a study of gas breakdown induced by the ultraviolet second harmonic of ruby laser radiation has revealed an anomalously high threshold intensity for hydrogen, and it has been demonstrated that the focal volume dependence of the breakdown threshold, of a number of molecular and noble gases, is influenced by the frequency of the incident radiation.
30 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a single transverse-mode operation was performed in a mode-locked ruby laser by using a special rooftop prism cavity and adding rhodamine 6G to the dye (DDI in methanol) enabled consistent pulses as short as 5 ps.
Abstract: Picosecond pulses with a single transverse-mode operation have been obtained in a mode-locked ruby laser by using a special rooftop prism cavity. Addition of rhodamine 6G to the dye (DDI in methanol) enabled us to obtain consistently pulses as short as 5 ps.
30 citations