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Runoff curve number

About: Runoff curve number is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4264 publications have been published within this topic receiving 97126 citations. The topic is also known as: curve number.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the Sleepers River experimental watershed was studied and the authors found that the major portion of storm runoff was produced as overland flow on a small proportion of the watershed.
Abstract: During an experimental study of runoff producing mechanisms in a small drainage basin, the major portion of storm runoff was produced as overland flow on a small proportion of the watershed. Where the water table intersected the ground surface before and during a storm, water escaped from the soil surface and ran quickly to the stream at velocities 100 to 500 times those of the subsurface system. Direct precipitation onto the saturated area was another major contributor of storm flow. Storage of water within these source areas was small and travel times out of them were short. Runoff from them was largely controlled by rainfall intensity. These partial areas contributing quick runoff could expand or contract seasonally or during a storm. Their position and expansion can be related to geology, topography, soils, and rainfall characteristics. In the study basin, water that remained below the ground surface on its way to the main stream channel was a relatively minor contributor to the storm hydrograph. The response of subsurface flow to rainfall was heavily damped by storage and transmission within the soil. Measurements of water table elevation and runoff from experimental plots in another small watershed with different geologic conditions confirmed the results outlined above. Runoff records from a large number of small basins of the Sleepers River experimental watershed indicate the more general applicability of these findings.

1,099 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The conceptual and empirical foundations of the runoff curve number method are reviewed in this paper, which is a conceptual model of hydrologic abstraction of storm rainfall, and its objective is to estimate direct runoff depth from storm rainfall depth, based on a parameter referred to as the curve number.
Abstract: The conceptual and empirical foundations of the runoff curve number method are reviewed. The method is a conceptual model of hydrologic abstraction of storm rainfall. Its objective is to estimate direct runoff depth from storm rainfall depth, based on a parameter referred to as the “curve number.” The method does not take into account the spatial and temporal variability of infiltration and other abstractive losses; rather, it aggregates them into a calculation of the total depth loss for a given storm event and drainage area. The method describes average trends, which precludes it from being perfectly predictive. The observed variability in curve numbers, beyond that which can be attributed to soil type, land use/treatment, and surface condition, is embodied in the concept of antecedent condition. The method is widely used in the United States and other countries. Perceived advantages of the method are (1) its simplicity; (2) its predictability; (3) its stability; (4) its reliance on only one parameter; ...

916 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the original measurements reported in 18 publications and derived empirical models to assess the surface runoff from various types of roofs, when roof characteristics and the annual or seasonal precipitation are given.

893 citations

Book
01 Jan 1972
TL;DR: In this article, the authors define the Hydrologic Cycle of Watersheds and propose a model for estimating evaporation and transpiration of water in urban watersheds based on the Huggins-Monke model.
Abstract: I. THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE. 1. Introduction. Hydrology Defined. A Brief History. The Hydrologic Cycle. The Hydrologic Budget. Hydrologic Models. Hydrologic Data. Common Units of Measurement. Application of Hydrology to Environmental Problems. 2. Precipitation. Water Vapor. Precipitation. Distribution of the Precipitation Input. Point Precipitation. Areal Precipitation. Probable Maximum Precipitation. Gross and Net Precipitation. 3. Interception and Depression Storage. Interception. Throughfall. Depression Storage. 4. Infiltration. Measuring Infiltration. Calculation of Infiltration. Horton's Infiltration Model. Green-AMPT Model. Huggins-Monke Model. Holtan Model. Recovery of Infiltration Capacity. Temporal and Spatial Variability of Infiltration Capacity. SCS Runoff Curve Number Procedure Index 5. Evaporation and Transportation. Evaporation. Estimating Evaporation. Evaporation Control. Transpiration. Transpiration Control. Evapotranspiration. Estimating Evapotranspiration. 6. Streamflow. Drainage Basin Effects. The Hydrograph. Units of Measurement for Streamflow. Measuring and Recording Streamflow. Measurements of Depth and Cross-Sectional Area. Measurement of Velocity. Relating Point Velocity to Cross-Sectional Flow Velocity. The Slope-Area Method for Determining Discharge II. HYDROLOGIC MEASUREMENTS AND MONITORING. 7. Hydrologic Data Sources. General Climatological Data. Precipitation Data. Streamflow Data. Evaporation and Transpiration Data. 8. Instrumentation. Introduction. Hydrologic Instruments. Telemetry Systems. Remote Sensing 9. Monitoring Networks. The Purpose of Monitoring. Special Considerations. Use of Computers in Monitoring. Hydrological-Meteorlogical Networks. III. SURFACE WATER HYDROLOGY. 10. Runoff and the Catchment. Catchments, Watersheds, and Drainage Basins. Basin Characteristics Affecting Runoff. Rudimentary Precipitation-Runoff Relationships. Streamflow Frequency Analysis. Streamflow Forecasting, 11. Hydrographs. Streamflow Hydrographs. Factors Affecting Hydrograph Shape. Hydrograph Components. Base Flow Separation. Hydrograph Time Relationships. Time of Concentration. Basin Lag Time. 12. Unit Hydrographs. Unit Hydrograph Definition. Derivation of Unit Hydrographs from Streamflow Data. Unit Hydrograph Applications by Lagging Methods. S-Hydrograph Method. The Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph. Synthetic Unit Hydrographs 13. Hydrograph Routing. Hydrologic River Routing. Hydrologic Reservoir Routing. Hydraulic River Routing. 14. Snow Hydrology. Introduction. Snow Accumulation and Runoff. Snow Measurements and Surveys. Point and Areal Snow Characteristics. The Snowmelt Process. Snowmelt Runoff Determinations. 15. Urban and Small Watershed Hydrology. Introduction. Peak Flow Formulas for Urban Watersheds. Peak Flow Formulas for Small Rural Watersheds. Runoff Effects of Urbanization. 16. Hydrologic Design. Hydrologic Design Procedures. Data for Hydrologic Design. Hydrologic Design-Frequency Criteria. Design Storms. Critical Event Methods. Airport Drainage Design. Design of Urban Storm Drain Systems. Floodplain Analysis IV. GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY. 17. Groundwater, Soils, and Geology. Introduction. Groundwater Flow--General Properties. Subsurface Distribution of Water. Geologic Considerations. Fluctuations in Ground Water Level. Groundwater-Surface Water Relations. 18. Mechanics of Flow. Hydrostatics. Groundwater Flow. Darcy's Law. Permeability. Velocity Potential. Hydrodynamic Equations. Flowlines and Equipotential Lines. Boundary Conditions. Flow Nets. Variable Hydraulic Conductivity. Anisotropy. Dupuit's Theory 19. Wells and Collection Devices. Flow to Wells. Steady Unconfined Radial Flow Toward a Well. Steady Confined Radial Flow Toward a Well. Well in A Uniform Flow Field. Well Fields. The Method of Images. Unsteady Flow. Leaky Aquifers. Partially Penetrating Wells. Flow to an Infiltration Gallery. Saltwater Intrusion. Groundwater Basin Development. 20. Modeling Regional Groundwater Systems. Regional Groundwater Models. Finite-Difference Methods. Finite-Element Methods. Model Applications. Groundwater Quality Models V. HYDROLOGIC MODELING. 21. Introduction to Hydrologic Modeling. Hydrologic Simulation. Groundwater Simulation. Hydrologic Simulation Protocol. Corps of Engineers Simulation Models. 22. Synthetic Streamflows. Synthetic Hydrology. 23. Continuous Simulation Models. Continuous Streamflow Simulation Models. Continuous Simulation Model Studies 24. Single-Event Simulation Models. Storm Event Simulation. Federal Agency Single-Event Models. Storm Surge Modeling. 25. Urban Runoff Simulation Models. Urban Stormwater System Models. Urban Runoff Models Compared. Vendor-Developed Urban Stormwater Software. PART VI: STATISTICAL METHODS. 26. Probability and Statistics. Random Variables and Statistical Analysis. Concepts of Probability. Probability Distributions. Moments of Distributions. Distribution Characteristics. Types of Probability Distribution Functions. Continuous Probability Distribution Functions. Bivariate Linear Regression and Correlation. Fitting Regression Equations. Regression and Correlation Applications. 27. Frequency Analysis. Frequency Analysis. Graphical Frequency Analysis. Frequency Analysis Using Frequency Factors. Regional Frequency Analysis. Reliability of Frequency Studies Frequency Analysis of Partial Duration Series. Flow Duration Analysis Appendices. Index.

798 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a revised land surface hydrology (H-TESSEL) is introduced in the ECMWF operational model to address shortcomings of the land surface scheme, specifically the lack of surface runoff and the choice of a global uniform soil texture.
Abstract: The Tiled ECMWF Scheme for Surface Exchanges over Land (TESSEL) is used operationally in the Integrated Forecast System (IFS) for describing the evolution of soil, vegetation, and snow over the continents at diverse spatial resolutions. A revised land surface hydrology (H-TESSEL) is introduced in the ECMWF operational model to address shortcomings of the land surface scheme, specifically the lack of surface runoff and the choice of a global uniform soil texture. New infiltration and runoff schemes are introduced with a dependency on the soil texture and standard deviation of orography. A set of experiments in stand-alone mode is used to assess the improved prediction of soil moisture at the local scale against field site observations. Comparison with basin-scale water balance (BSWB) and Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC) datasets indicates a consistently larger dynamical range of land water mass over large continental areas and an improved prediction of river runoff, while the effect on atmospheric...

722 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202390
2022179
2021117
2020107
201987
2018119