Showing papers on "Rural electrification published in 1988"

Electric Power For Rural Growth: How Electricity Affects Rural Life In Developing Countries

Abstract: A comprehensive analysis of the effects of rural electrification on rural industries, communities, and households in parts of India, Columbia, and Indonesia is presented. The study covers a wide range of social and economic effects, examining (1) agricultural, commericial, and industrial productivity, income and employment; (2) social benefits and their distribution by income class, gender, and age; and (3) benefit/cost ratios-both financial and social. Factors that affect success or failure of electrification projects are examined.

A comparison of lamps for domestic lighting in developing countries

Abstract: The report describes the results of laboratory tests of lamps and light quality in terms of, inter alia, consumed principal energy and obtained quantity and quality of light, and it quantifies the differences between a number of generic types of lamps. It also identifies other factors equally important in establishing lighting conditions in a house/room such as the quality of the lamp itself. Electric lighting is shown to be better than non-electric lighting from nearly all points of view. This report was written to provide guidance to project designers and project analysts on lighting energy issues so as to enable governments to make better policy choices on rural electrification as well as choices for lighting. This information included in the report can also provide the basis for governments to offer guidance to consumers on the most attractive choice of lamps, and as a result, generate fuel and capital savings on a national basis. It can also be used to estimate energy consumption in rural areas or for planning of extension of the existing electricity grid.

Rural Electrification: International Experience and Policy in Indonesia

Abstract: This paper analyses the international experience in rural electrification (RE) over the past few decades. The current status of RE is reviewed, and demonstrated benefits are identified. A case study of RE policy analysis in Indonesia is presented. The recommendations should be helpful to decision makers formulating an RE Policy for Indonesia. Finally, some general prerequisites for successful formulation and implementation of an RE strategy are summarized

Solar-Powered Electricity: A Survey of Solar Photovoltaic Power in Developing Countries

Abstract: A state of the art survey of the use of photovoltaics in developing countries, in pumping, refrigerators, lighting, rural electrification and agriculture, from a UNESCO report.

Photovoltaics for rural electrification in the Dominican Republic

Abstract: Enersol Associates, Inc., has begun to structure a program for the introduction of photovoltaics in rural areas, and started to refer to this as the SOBASEC (SOlar-BASed Rural Electrification Concept) program. Throughout the report we have used the acronym SOBASEC to refer to the specific approach to electrification in rural areas with photovoltaics, as developed by Enersol Associates, Inc. This report documents the efforts to date and describes SOBASEC so that a variety of readers may benefit. This report provides an overall background on the Dominican Republic and a history of the project developed by Enersol in the Puerto Plata region. It describes the electric grid system that is owned and operated by the Dominican Government, and which serves urban dwellers and approximately 30% of the rural population. This paper is dedicated to describing the technical and institutional details of SOBASEC as developed by experience in implementing the program and installing the first 100 PV systems. Also discussed is the logical expansion that can take place with adequate financing and institutional support. This is done by describing a reasonable investment scenario. A key catalytic role of this financing is placed in the hands of the organizations that aim toward economicmore » and social development in less developed countries. Recommendations and concluding comments on where this all may lead in the years to come is finally discussed. 61 refs., 59 figs.« less

Study of rural electrification in South-East Asia

Abstract: This thesis is a survey of rural electrification programmes in South-East Asia. In the course of the last two decades there has been considerable investment in rural development by Less Developed Countries throughout the world and particularly in the South-East Asian region. Significant progress of rural electrification has been made in Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines during this period. Indonesia has not achieved the extensive rural electrification evidenced by those countries and by 1984 less than fifteen percent of its total population, and a considerably lower percentage of its rural population, had access to an electricity supply. The fact that the Philippines and Indonesia are archipelagos and that they are at different stages in their rural electrification programmes led to the selection of these two countries for specific consideration of their differing approaches to rural electrification. The institutional, financial and technical aspects, and the establishment, management and operation of rural electrification programmes in the South-East Asian region are considered. The socio-economic benefits accruing to these programmes and the role of rural electrification in rural development are reviewed and assessed. The information and analysis is presented with a view to providing information for rural electrification planners, and for countries such as Indonesia at a comparatively early stage of their rural electrification programmes.

Otherwise a mere clod: California rural electrification

Abstract: Rural electrification reached a highly developed stage in California by the mid-1920s. Farmers tried hydroelectric power, early power companies saw and exploited rural profit potentials, and farming interests assisted in developing the rural market. Elsewhere in the nation, electricity remained an urban phenomenon well into the 1940s. An explanation is given of how and why California accomplished significant rural electrification prior to the rest of the United States. Various reasons considered for this phenomenon include: the location of waterpower sites in relation to population centers, shortages and conservation of other energy resources, technical choices in electric power transmission, economic incentives and load building choices made by power companies, and both private and public support of rural electrification. It is noted that actual rural uses of electricity were also varied, with irrigation and reclamation providing the heaviest electric loads. >

An evaluation of PV rural electrification system in Kenteng, Gunung Kidul, Indonesia

Abstract: An evaluation of a PV rural electrification system is reported. The loads are the electricity for 85 private houses, a school, 20 sets of street lighting, a mosque, a refrigerator, and a public television. The system consists of 19 kWp PV arrays with 1600 Ah batteries. The output of the PV arrays is converted into AC power using three inverters. Two inverters are three phase, 220/380 V, and the other is one phase, 220 V. The one-phase inverter is operated for 24 hours and the others are operated for 16 hours during the night. The operation time of the two inverters can be adjusted by a timer in the control panel. The system is also provided with data gathering devices for evaluation purposes. >

Experiences with photovoltaic power applications in the philippines

Abstract: The significant findings from the implemantation of the German-Philippine project, “Pilot Solar Power Plant and Photovoltaic Field Laboratory (PSPP) in Pulong Plant and Bulacan, Philppines, are discussed, giving emphasis on the technical and economic feasibilities of the photovoltaics for rural electrification and for various small applications. The project's experiences with the operation of a 13 kWp photovoltaic power plant which supplies the electricity needs of a small rural village, as well as the experiences gained from various small PV installations located in near by rural settlements are discussed and achievments toward optimized systems are presented. Also, economic analysis of several PV applications, based on actual experiences are discussed.

The impact of development programmes on fertility in Bangladesh.

Abstract: Using the Bongaarts model of the determinants of fertility this paper quantifies the impact of several major development inputs on contraceptive prevalence and fertility. The development inputs examined here are female education rural electrification agricultural modernization and improvement of family planning service delivery. The authors examine the potential impact of each of these inputs on the proximate determinants (age at marriage and proportion using contraceptives) and the proportional reduction in fertility of those changes. Results show that 1) to achieve the governments projected rate of growth of 1.8% per year almost all female children would have to be educated beyond the secondary level; 2) to achieve an annual growth rate of 2.4% females would need only to attain the secondary school level; 3) the impact of rural electrification on family planning use and fertility is negligible in the short run but it does lead to attitudinal changes and changes in the behavior pattern of women which may affect fertility in the long run; 4) agricultural modernization has some effect of fertility; 5) if filed worker density could be increased 4 times nationally a 29% reduction in fertility would result. The contraceptive use effect of female education is about 4 times greater than that of agricultural modernization or electrification. A calculation of the costs of the 4 methods examined here shows that the quickest and most cost-efficient way to increase contraceptive prevalence is to increase the density of field workers.

How development programs can affect fertility: the case of Bangladesh.

Abstract: Improving living standards and increasing productivity in developing countries may result in fertility reduction. In Bangladesh government policy stresses rural development and fertility reduction. Programs that raise womens status reduce fertility. Educational level is inversely correlated to childbearing. Women aged 25-29 with a Secondary School Certificate have 2.4 children versus 4.0 for those with no education. Employment also decreases fertility. Thus improving the educational and employment status of women could have major effects on fertility. Studying the Bangladesh Rural Social Services program revealed that community organization efforts and self-help programs for economic and social improvement also decrease fertility. Rural electrification programs which have been emphasized in development planning contribute to changing attitudes and behavior of residents of these regions. In addition to electrification improved transportation and communications should enhance the spread of information to rural areas. Agricultural development programs such as the Comilla development program have not affected fertility. This is attributed to the concentration of benefits to a few farms with the majority becoming poorer. Unless agricultural development benefits are widely distributed there will probably be little effect on fertility. Thus the development programs most likely to affect fertility are those which emphasize female education and employment open rural areas to information and ideas and are open to a whole community.

Rural electrification in Colombia

Abstract: The author briefly discusses the programme, initiated in 1970, of grid interconnection and extension in Colombia. A later programme to increase the number of rural homes connected to the grid is also discussed. the role of mini and micro hydroelectric power is also discussed. >