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Showing papers on "Rust published in 1969"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The inheritance of seedling leaf rust resistance and several morphological characters derived from Aegilops squarrosa were investigated in a synthetic hexaploid wheat.
Abstract: The inheritance of seedling leaf rust resistance and several morphological characters derived from Aegilops squarrosa (2n = 14 = DD) was investigated in a synthetic hexaploid wheat. The hexaploid w...

113 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 1969-Botany
TL;DR: A new genus, Endocronartium, is erected to accommodate two caulicolous pine rust species, E. harknessii (J. P. Moore) comb.
Abstract: A new genus, Endocronartium, is erected to accommodate two caulicolous pine rust species, E. harknessii (J. P. Moore) comb. nov. and E. pini (Pers.) comb, nov., which have endocyclic life cycles.

45 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
01 Apr 1969-Botany
TL;DR: Twenty-one European wheat varieties from the World Wheat Assortment in Prague-Ruzynĕ (Czechoslovakia) that were resistant to leaf rust were tested with Canadian leaf rust races 1, 5, 9, 11, 15, 30, 58, and 126 to suggest the patterns of rust reaction and genetic studies on representative varieties suggest that they have genes Lr1 and Lr3.
Abstract: Twenty-one European wheat varieties from the World Wheat Assortment in Prague-Ruzynĕ (Czechoslovakia) that were resistant to leaf rust were tested with Canadian leaf rust races 1, 5, 9, 11, 15, 30, 58, and 126. The patterns of rust reaction and genetic studies on representative varieties suggest that the varieties Belocerkovskaja 198, Bezostaja 1, Mironovskaja 264, Mironovskaja 808, Osetinskaja 3, Rannaja 12, Skorospelka 3b, Fertodi 293, and Sladkovicovo K 1004 have gene Lr3, the variety Halle 9H39 has gene Lr1, the varieties Erythrospermum 142, 953, and 974 I.Z.R. have genes Lr1 and Lr3, and the variety Etoile de Choisy gene Lr16. The other varieties tested (Flevina, Sambo, Stabil, Uhcetice 22/IV, and 22/V) have reactions that are different from any of those of the single gene lines tested. The varieties Weique and Salzmunder Bartweizen were resistant to all races tested.

24 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 1969-Botany
TL;DR: No useful inter-subspecific and interspecific comparisons were possible using Ef-based data because the host on which the rust was grown influenced the patterns, and evidence obtained by the third method of assessment contradicted this conclusion.
Abstract: Soluble uredospore proteins were isolated from physiologic races or isolates of Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae, P. graminis f. sp. secalis, P. graminis f. sp. tritici, P. recondita f. sp. secalis, P. recondita f. sp. tritici, P. coronata f. sp. avenae, and P. hordei. The protein extracts were subjected to polyacrylamide gel (disc) electrophoresis and the resulting patterns were compared.Patterns were assessed by two methods based on Ef values and by a third method based on subjective assessment of color intensity of stained proteins. Assessments based on Ef values differed for each method and were in almost total disagreement with conclusions derived by the third method.No useful inter-subspecific and interspecific comparisons were possible using Ef-based data because the host on which the rust was grown influenced the patterns. Evidence obtained by the third method of assessment contradicted this conclusion, for the host only appeared to influence color intensity and width of individual bands. Thus, usi...

19 citations




Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 1969-Botany
TL;DR: Melampsora lini (Pers.) Lev.
Abstract: Melampsora lini (Pers.) Lev., races Nos. 3 and 210, grow better at 16 °C than at 17–17.5 °C. Mycelial cultures of race No. 3 were seriously damaged and most of them stopped growing altogether after being kept at 24 °C for 30 to 45 min for transfer.

12 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A total of 452 sugarcane clones were tested for their reaction to rust by field evaluation, finding that nearly 54% of the clones tested were infected by the rust, and 15% were either susceptible or highly susceptible.
Abstract: A total of 452 sugarcane clones were tested for their reaction to rust by field evaluation. These included introduced, locally-developed commercial and breeding varieties, the original clones of Saccharum species, and the S. spontaneum hybrids of F 1 , BC 1 , and BC 2 generations. The inheritance trends of susceptibility to rust were also studied. It was found that nearly 54% of the clones tested were infected by the rust, and 15% were either susceptible or highly susceptible. In the genus Saccharum , most of S. officinarum clones were infected with the rust although the infection in most cases was mild. A clear inheritance trend of rust susceptibility was established from percent infection values of the original seedlings. These values were obtained from crosses with parental varieties having known reactions to the disease. In addition to variety, other factors affecting the incidence of the disease are discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Four sorghum lines of varying rust susceptibility, ranging from very resistant to susceptible, were planted in early September T985 in Isabela, Puerto Rico and rust reactions were periodically evaluated from boot stage until grain harvest.
Abstract: Four sorghum lines of varying rust susceptibility, ranging from very resistant to susceptible, were planted in early September T985 in Isabela, Puerto Rico. Rust reactions were periodically evaluated from boot stage until grain harvest. At physiological maturity, foliar rust coverage was 24, 19, 7, and 0.5% for SC 212, SC 307, TAM 428, and SC 120, respectively. Four rust fungicide (oxycarboxin at 0.5 kg/ha/spray), applications at and after boot stage resulted m final rust coverage of 7, 3, 1, and 0% on SC 212, SC 307, TAM 428, and SC 120, respectively. Over all cultivars, one, two, and four applications gave 32.9, 73.7, and 85.4% rust control compared to the nontreated plots. In moderately and very resistant varieties (TAM 428 and SC 120), rust control was greater (74.5%) than that found in moderately and very susceptible ones (55.2% for SC 307 and SC 212). On SC 307 and SC 212, yield losses from rust were 29 and 50%, respectively. Reductions in 100-seed weights in SC 307 and SC 212 (28 and 4 1 % , respectively) approximated yield loss levels. Yield of SC 212 was superior to that of SC 307 when rust was controlled with oxycarboxin and inferior to that of SX 307 when rust was untreated. Moderately rust resistant TAM 428 showed no response to rust control despite 7% rust coverage. This same rust level reduced yield of the susceptible varieties. Because of the genotypic differences in rust-yield reactions, a generalized model relating visual rust coverage to plant performance appears inappropriate.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The possible role of stem rust as one factor responsible for the low occurrence of cocksfoot in pasture is discussed and methods of reducing the incidence of the disease through grazing management and plant breeding are suggested.
Abstract: Some effects of stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers.) on the growth of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L. ‘Grasslands Apanui’) were studied at two levels of nitrogen fertiliser in a plot trial. Half the plots were kept relatively free of rust by spraying with a mixture of maneb and nickel sulphate; the remainder became rusted from natural infection. The disease caused mean reductions of up to 36% in green cocksfoot and 37% in tiller number. There was widespread death of cocksfoot leaves as shown by increases of up to 109% in yellow and brown cocksfoot in the rusted plots. There was no effect of nitrogen fertiliser on the incidence or effects of stem rust. The possible role of stem rust as one factor responsible for the low occurrence of cocksfoot in pasture is discussed. Methods of reducing the incidence of the disease through grazing management and plant breeding are suggested.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Sugarcane rust was cultured through its uredial and telial stages on detached leaves and uprights of 10 sugarcane cultivars in test tube, as well as in petri dish-benzimidazole, kinetin and nutrient solutions.
Abstract: Sugarcane rust ( Puccinia melanocephala ) was cultured through its uredial and telial stages on detached leaves and uprights of 10 sugarcane cultivars in test tube, as well as in petri dish-benzimidazole, kinetin and nutrient solutions. The infection type, incubation period and severity of rust varied with cultivars and with age of the plant. Detached uprights in test tubes containing benzimidazole nutrient solution (5 ml of 25 p/m benzimidazole + 5 ml of nutrient solution) stayed green more than 30 days. Uredial and telial pustules developed better on detached uprights than on detached leaves. Rust developed better on detached leaves in test tube containing benzimidazole nutrient solution than on leaves in the petri dishes containing the same solution; there was less rust development on detached leaves from 6-month-old plants than on those from younger ones. More than 95% of the 90 cultivars inoculated with the detached upright technique, showed rust reactions corresponding with those observed under natural infection in the fields.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It appears that the rusted microdiluters, if used for diluting the antisera or the haemagglutinin-positive antigens, are not likely to modify the positive haemgglutination patterns.
Abstract: Microtechniques are now used extensively in diagnostic as well as immunological studies for viruses, protozoa, and bacteria (Sever, 1962; Edwards, 1964; Kessel, Lewis, Pasquel, and Turner, 1965). In microtitrations constant volumes of fluids are picked up and delivered by specially constructed and calibrated metallic microdiluters. According to the Microtiter Instruction Manual of the Cooke Engineering Company (1965), their high titanium, stainless steel, new-pattern microdiluters with a precisely slotted tip are not supposed to rust, but in the hot and humid climate of Calcutta they do rust, though they continue to deliver fluids properly when tested on the special 'go-no-go' delivery tester supplied by the manufacturer. Many of the rust particles become detached from the microdiluters during their agitation in the wells of the dilution plates and produce, both with human group 0 and goose erythrocytes, an atypical settling pattern at the bottom of disposable plastic V plates. There is a small central button of erythrocytes, showing as well as the peripheral deposit, small black particles rimmed by a clear space. The peripheral concentric erythrocyte deposit closely simulated the typical haemagglutination pattern. Microscopically many black rust particles of various sizes and shapes were observed among discrete erythrocytes, and we have called this atypical pattern pseudohaemagglutination. The rusted particles did not alter the typical agglutination pattern or the titre of some of the haemagglutininpositive enteroviruses and arboviruses. They, however, produced pseudo-haemagglutination with the haemagglutinin-negative enteroviruses as well as the uninoculated tissue culture maintenance medium. It appears that the rusted microdiluters, if used for diluting the antisera or the haemagglutinin-positive antigens, are not likely to modify the positive haemagglutination patterns. But one has to be cautious in using the rusted microdiluters for screening antigens as the detached rust may of itself produce a false-positive haemagglutination pattern.



Patent
29 Oct 1969


Patent
27 Jun 1969
TL;DR: In this paper, the surface treatment of zinc-plated sheet steel is performed by using cathodic electrolysis of the surface of the sheet steel as a pretreatment of surface treatment with chromic acid.
Abstract: Method of the surface treatment of zinc-plated sheet steel, wherein cathodic electrolysis of the surface of zinc-plated sheet steel is provided as a pretreatment of the surface treatment with chromic acid of said zinc-plated sheet steel, for the prevention of white rust.

Patent
01 Apr 1969
TL;DR: In this article, a process of surface treatment of steel characterized by treating steel stocks with a solution of phosphate containing at least two members selected from the group consisting of zinc, calcium, barium, and nickel to form films of phosphate of these metals on the surface of steel stocks to enhance formation of said rust layers having strong anticorrosive property.
Abstract: To assist the tendency of forming a natural anticorrosive protection rust layer on the surface of weather proof steel, the surface of steel is treated with a solution of phosphate containing from 0.05 to 1 mole of at least two members selected from the group consisting of zinc, calcium, lead, barium and nickel, and from 0.08 to 0.6 mole of an oxidizing acid to form a coating essentially consisting of phosphate. The present invention relates to a process for chemically coating steels with phosphate films which improve corrosion characteristics of the coated steel. Low alloy steels have a tendency of naturally forming rust layers having anticorrosion protective ability when wetted by rain in exposed atmosphere. This invention relates to a process of surface treatment of steel characterized by treating steel stocks with a solution of phosphate containing at least two members selected from the group consisting of zinc, calcium, barium, and nickel to form films of phosphate of these metals on the surface of steel stocks to enhance formation of said rust layers having strong anticorrosive property. Low alloy steels which have been developed to be used in the open air without being applied with any protective coating contain a relatively small quantity of copper, phosphorus, chromium, nickel, and other alloying elements, and are characterized by their ability of naturally forming a dense and stable rust layer when used in the open air, whereby to prevent further corrosion. For this reason, they are often called weather proof steels. Although such weather proof steels can be used in the open air without being subjected to any corrosion proof treatment, various anticorrosion paints or metal paints are often applied on the surface to improve their anticorrosion property. When weather proof steel stocks are used for buildings or outdoor structures without being applied with coatings or platings it takes about 2 to 3 years to completely form anticorrosive rust layers although dependent upon the degree of corrosiveness of the atmosphere. During this interval, a portion of iron ions that are formed by corrosion contribute to the formation of the rust layers a substantial member of iron ions are washed away by rain water to greatly contaminate the surface of concrete, mortar, wood or metal from which surrounding walls or floors are constructed. Such defects can be obviated when anticorrosion paints or metal paints are applied. However, the purpose of applying such protective coatings is to prevent corrosive ambient substances from directly contacting the surface of steel stocks or to act as impeders or to prevent corrosion by electrochemical action so that the inherent property of the weather proof steel stocks of naturally forming anticorrosive films has been ignored. Surface coatings provided by anticorrosion coating materials or metal paints degrade with time so that it is necessary to reapply or repair these surface coatings from time to time. It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a protective coating on the surface of weather proof steel which promotes natural formation of such corrosion proof protective rust layer.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Use of an eradicant nonpersistent rust fungicides followed by a persistant systemic rust fungicide (oxycarboxin) gave excellent sorghum rust control during the critical stages for Sorghum seed development.
Abstract: During the summer of 1986, experiments were conducted under semiarid conditions in Southwestern Puerto Rico to evaluate yield losses in grain sorghum inbred lines (TAM42B and SC307, moderately resistant and susceptible to rust, respectively) and forage sorghum hybrids (Haygrazer and FS25A, moderately and very susceptible to rust, respectively). A split plot design was used in which half of each plot was sprayed with triadimefon (0.5 kg/ha) at boot stage followed by an application of oxycarboxin (1.0 kg/ha) 2 weeks thereafter, and the other half was nontreated (control). In all sorghum entries, except TAM 428, yields increased significantly (P = 0.05) with fungicidal rust control over those of nontreated plots. When treated with triadimefon and oxycarboxin, FS25A, Haygrazer, and SC307 showed 23, 16, and 39% greater yield than respective nontreated plots. Rust control increased 100-seed weights over the nontreated controls by 19, 25, and 45% for the respective varieties. Nonsignificant increases in seed density (approximately 5%) were found in the fungicide treatment in ail lines. TAM 428, which did not respond to rust control, had over 75% functioning leaf area at physiological maturity (PM). In FS25A, Haygrazer, and SC307, all of which had less than 70% functioning leaf area remaining at PM, yield increased with increasing levels of functioning leaf area after fungicide treatment (r = 0.62*). Use of an eradicant nonpersistent rust fungicide (triadimefon) followed by a persistant systemic rust fungicide (oxycarboxin) gave excellent sorghum rust control during the critical stages for sorghum seed development. One-time use of different classes of fungicides should reduce development of fungicide resistant rust populations.


Journal ArticleDOI
16 Aug 1969-Nature
TL;DR: The influence of gravity compensation on crown gall development in the carrot is described and it is shown that the incubation period of leaf rust on gravity-compensated bean plants is shorter than on non-Compensated controls.
Abstract: CLINOSTATS provide a means for ground based studies of what happens when plants are subjected to null-gravity conditions1. The incubation period of leaf rust on gravity-compensated bean plants is shorter than on non-compensated controls2. Here we describe the influence of gravity compensation on crown gall development in the carrot (Daucus carota).

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 1969
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of Rust Incidence on yield of Linseed was investigated, and the results showed that it had a negative effect on the yield of linseed. PANS Pest Articles & News Summaries: Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 573-573.
Abstract: (1969). The Effect of Rust Incidence on Yield of Linseed. PANS Pest Articles & News Summaries: Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 573-573.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Yields of five new hybrids were consistently higher than those of the other genotypes tested, including the standard check variety PR 980, and rust resistance and susceptibility of sugarcane hybrids and check varieties remained unchanged throughout a three-crop cycle.
Abstract: Seventeen promising new sugarcane hybrids and three check varieties were planted in the Lajas valley, a semi-arid and irrigated area of southwestern Puerto Rico. Plant cane and ratoon crops were evaluated for yield and resistance to smut ( Ustilago scitaminea Syd.) and rust ( Puccinia melanocephala H. Syd. & P. Syd.). All new hybrids tested were resistant and tolerant to smut and rust. The smut incidence on susceptible check increased after ratooning. However, rust resistance and susceptibility of sugarcane hybrids and check varieties remained unchanged throughout a three-crop cycle. Combined analysis of variance of 2 years (plant and first ratoon crops) indicated that yields (sugar ton/ha) of five hybrids were consistently higher than those of the other genotypes tested, including the standard check variety PR 980.