Showing papers on "Saline water published in 2000"
TL;DR: The observations of a long-term experiment on the use of saline water were used to compare the crop tolerance to salinity, and maize, sunflower and potato were included in the same salt tolerant group as sugarbeet and durum wheat.
258 citations
TL;DR: A screening system for salinity resistance of rice, particularly in arid and semi-arid climates, is proposed based on the correlation between K/NaLeaves under salinity and salinity-induced yield losses.
Abstract: Summary Salinity is a major constraint to irrigated rice production, particularly in semi-arid and arid climates. Irrigated rice is a well suited crop to controlling and even decreasing soil salinity, but rice is a salt-susceptible crop and yield losses due to salinity can be substantial. The objective of this study was to develop a highly predictive screening tool for the vegetative growth stage of rice to estimate salinity-induced yield losses. Twenty-one rice genotypes were grown over seven seasons in a field trials in Ndiaye, Senegal, between 1991 and 1995 and were subjected to irrigation with moderately saline water (3.5 mS cm 1 , electrical conductivity) or irrigation with fresh water. Potassium/sodium ratios of the youngest three leaves (K/NaLeaves) were determined by flame photometry at the late vegetative stage. Grain yield was determined at maturity. All cultivars showed strong log-linear correlations between K/NaLeaves and grain yield, but intercept and slope of those correlations differed between seasons for a given genotype and between genotypes. The K/NaLeaves under salinity was related to grain yield under salinity relative to freshwater controls. There was a highly significant correlation ( p< 0.001) between K/NaLeaves and salinity-induced grain yield reduction: the most susceptible cultivars had lowest K/NaLeaves and the strongest yield reductions. Although there were major differences in the effects of salinity on crops in both the hot dry season (HDS) and the wet season, the correlation was equally significant across cropping seasons. The earliest possible time to establish the relationship between K/NaLeaves under salinity and grain yield reduction due to salinity was investigated in an additional trial in the HDS 1998. About 60 days after sowing, salinity-induced yield loss could be predicted through K/NaLeaves with a high degree of confidence ( p< 0.01). A screening system for salinity resistance of rice, particularly in arid and semi-arid climates, is proposed based on the correlation between K/NaLeaves under salinity and salinity-induced yield losses.
237 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the inhibition efficiency of natural honey on the corrosion of C-steel, which used in manufacturer of petroleum pipelines, in high saline water was evaluated using weight loss measurements and potentiostatic polarization technique.
168 citations
TL;DR: The increase in CER, which was also observed in the other cultivars and seasons, was explained by a combination of two hypotheses: leaf chlorophyll content was limited by the available N resources in controls, but not in salt-stressed plants; and the sodium concentrations were not high enough to cause early leaf senescence and chlorophyLL degradation.
Abstract: Salinity is a major yield-reducing factor in coastal and arid, irrigated rice production systems Salt tolerance is a major breeding objective Three rice cultivars with different levels of salt tolerance were studied in the field for growth, sodium uptake, leaf chlorophyll content, specific leaf area (SLA), sodium concentration and leaf CO2 exchange rates (CER) at photosynthetic active radiation (PAR)-saturation Plants were grown in Ndiaye, Senegal, at a research station of the West Africa Rice Development Association (WARDA), during the hot dry season (HDS) and the wet season (WS) 1994 under irrigation with fresh or saline water (flood water electrical conductivity = 35 mS cm-1) Relative leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD method) and root, stem, leaf blade and panicle dry weight were measured at weekly intervals throughout both seasons Specific leaf area was measured on eight dates, and CER and leaf sodium content were measured at mid-season on the first (topmost) and second leaf Salinity reduced yields to nearly zero and dry-matter accumulation by 90% for the susceptible cultivar in the HDS, but increased leaf chlorophyll content and CER at PAR- saturation The increase in CER, which was also observed in the other cultivars and seasons, was explained by a combination of two hypotheses: leaf chlorophyll content was limited by the available N resources in controls, but not in salt-stressed plants; and the sodium concentrations were not high enough to cause early leaf senescence and chlorophyll degradation The growth reductions were attributed to loss of assimilates (mechanisms unknown) that must have occurred after export from the sites of assimilation The apparent, recurrent losses of assimilates, which were between 8% and 49% according to simulation with the crop model for potential yields in irrigated rice, ORYZA S, might be partly due to root decomposition and exudation Possibly more importantly, energy-consuming processes, such as osmoregulation, interception of sodium and potassium from the transpiration stream in leaf sheaths and their subsequent storage, drained the assimilate supply
111 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors dealt with an environmental impact assessment of low water flow in the river Ganges during a dry period at the Khulna and Mongla port areas in southwestern Bangladesh.
Abstract: This paper deals with an environmental impact assessment of low water flow in the river Ganges during a dry period at the Khulna and Mongla port areas in south-western Bangladesh Large-scale surface water withdrawal in India after commissioning the Farakka Barrage causes a drastic fall in the Ganges low-flow condition within the Bangladesh territory during every dry period The average lowest discharge in the Ganges is 552 m3/s, which is about 73% less than that in the pre-Farakka time This has caused the deterioration of both surface and groundwater quality of the study area Salinity is the principal cause of water quality degradation in the area Present observation shows that the surface water of the area is sulphate-chloride dominated, which signifies high salinity whereas the groundwater is categorized as of medium to high salinity To maintain the Rupsa River's maximum salinity below 1000 μS/cm the discharge in the Ganges should be ∼1500 m3/s, whereas that at Garai basin is ∼10 m3/s If this present situation continues it will be a crippling blow to the environment of the area in the long term An integrated multidisciplinary approach to hydrogeological research is urgently required to salvage the area from further deterioration
73 citations
TL;DR: Analyses of the acute responses of the two species to an increase in salinity indicate that larvae of C. tarsalis are able to volume-regulate via drinking and to attenuate increases in hemolymph NaCl concentration using unknown mechanisms during large, rapid increases in Salinity.
Abstract: We investigated the physiological basis for differences in salinity tolerance ranges in mosquito larvae of the genus Culex. We examined the response of larvae of C. quinquefasciatus, a freshwater obligate, and C. tarsalis, a euryhaline osmoconformer, following transfer from fresh water to 34% sea water. Hemolymph Na(+) and Cl(−) levels increased similarly in both species, indicating that ion regulation does not differ under these conditions. C. quinquefasciatus responded to increased environmental salinity with increased hemolymph levels of serine, but suffered a significant reduction in levels of trehalose. C. tarsalis responded to increased environmental salinity with increased hemolymph levels of both proline and trehalose. When C. tarsalis larvae were held in 64% sea water, which C. quinquefasciatus larvae cannot tolerate, hemolymph proline and trehalose were accumulated approximately 50-fold and twofold, respectively, relative to freshwater values. We found that proline serves as both an intra- and extracellular compatible solute in C. tarsalis, the first such circumstance documented in an animal in response to increased environmental salinity. Analyses of the acute responses of the two species to an increase in salinity (from 30% to 50% sea water) indicate that larvae of C. tarsalis are able to volume-regulate via drinking and to attenuate increases in hemolymph NaCl concentration using unknown mechanisms during large, rapid increases in salinity.
69 citations
TL;DR: The effects of salinity on leaf growth, initiation and senescence, on transpiration rates, on leaf water potential and on uptake and distribution of several ions were studied in two sugarcane cultivars differing in salinity sensitivity.
Abstract: The effects of salinity on leaf growth, initiation and senescence, on transpiration rates, on leaf water potential and on uptake and distribution of several ions were studied in two sugarcane cultivars differing in salinity sensitivity. Plants, growing in a growing mixture in pots, were exposed to salinized irrigation water for 68 days, starting 60 days after planting. EC values of the irrigation water were 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 and 12 dS/m, obtained by using a mixture of NaCl and CaCl2. Plants were also grown in nutrient solution and were at a similar age when exposed to a salinity level of 3 dS/m for 30 days followed by 6.0 dS/m for an additional 30 days. Two Na:Ca ratios of 18:1 and 1:2 were used for salinization of the nutrient solution. Both leaf dry weight and area decreased with increasing salinity, but in the more salinity tolerant cultivar H69-8235, the decrease was moderate. Salinity hardly reduced average area per leaf in H69-8235, while the number of leaves declined sharply. This decline was caused by enhanced senescence of mature leaves and not by a decreased rate of leaf initiation. In the more sensitive cultivar, H65-7052, leaf area and initiation of new leaves were sharply reduced by salinity while leaf senescence was less affected. Leaf water potential decreased during the early stages of salinity exposure, and the reduction in water potential was larger in H69-8235. Salinity also decreased the rate of transpiration rate but to a lesser extent than leaf development and growth. The accumulation of Cl and Na in the TVD (top visible dewlap) leaf of the tolerant cultivar H69-8235 was greater than in the sensitive cultivar H65-7052. The concentration of Cl in the TVD leaf was more than 10 times that of Na in both cultivars. The concentration of both ions, but not of K, increased during the early stages of salinity exposure and then remained constant. A gradient in concentration of Cl and Na over the plant was found in both cultivars at all salinity levels, and was steepest between the TVD and younger leaves. No specific Na effect on leaf growth or transpiration could be detected. The accumulation of Cl and Na but not of K occurred primarily in the roots rather than in the leaves and stalks.
67 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effectiveness of winter cover crop incorporation and gypsum applications relative to conventional fallows for improving soil physical properties, stand establishment and crop productivity in a cropping system relying on the cyclic reuse of saline drainage for irrigation was evaluated.
65 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, water contamination of well water in a rural area and of spring water in an urban area by effect of animal slurry management and storage practices, and the municipal water supply network were studied.
52 citations
TL;DR: A pot experiment was carried out at Nahshala Farm, about 50 km from Al-Ain, UAE, during the 1998/99 growing seasons, using six halophytes: Spartina sp., Distichlis palmeri, Paspalum vaginatum, Juncus roemerianus, Salicornia bigelovii and Batis maritima, under two levels of leaching fraction, 0.25 and 0.50 and three levels of irrigation salinity, 10, 20 and 40 g/l as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A pot experiment was carried out at Nahshala Farm, about 50 km from Al-Ain, UAE, during the 1998/99 growing seasons, using six halophytes: Spartina sp., Distichlis palmeri, Paspalum vaginatum, Juncus roemerianus, Salicornia bigelovii and Batis maritima, under two levels of leaching fraction, 0.25 and 0.50 and three levels of irrigation salinity, 10, 20 and 40 g/l. The objectives of the experiment were twofold: (1) to find out the optimum and threshold of saline water irrigation to keep salinity level down as much as possible in the soil using the leaching fraction technique; and (2) to study the response (growth and biomass production) of some halophytes to different levels of salinity. The experiment was conducted in triplicate with a split-plot design arranged in a randomized complete block. Results indicate that these halophyte species can be grown productively at a leaching fraction between 0.25 and 0.50 when salinity of the irrigation water is less than 20 g/l. At higher salinities, Salicornia bigelovii can grow and yield satisfactorily under these conditions, while the other species may require more frequent irrigation at higher leaching fractions. Some of these tested halophytes may be able to revegetate the salt-affected lands and be a potential source of forage in these harsh habitats. This study supports the idea of seawater agriculture by demonstrating the possibility of using some high salt-tolerant halophytes at relatively higher leaching fraction in order to maintain satisfactory yield production of such halophytes.
40 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of laboratory evaporation tests carried out to examine the mechanisms by which this reduction occurs were examined and it was concluded that the most important mechanisms for reduction due to the salt crust are the increase in surface reflectivity and the surface resistance to moisture transfer.
Abstract: Many of the mining operations in Western Australia are located in arid and semi-arid regions where there is a severe scarcity of freshwater. Most of the processing is carried out using ground water from paleochannels. Much of this ground water is very saline, with concentrations approaching saturation concentration in many cases. The potential rates of evaporation in the region can be very high (over 3 m/year). With careful management, tailings deposited subaereally in this region can achieve high strengths and densities due to evaporation. However, high salinity results in a severe reduction in the rate of evaporation from the tailings, thereby inhibiting consolidation due to evaporation. This paper presents the results of laboratory evaporation tests carried out to examine the mechanisms by which this reduction occurs. In these tests, all tailings samples with saline water formed salt crusts on the surfaces during evaporation, resulting in evaporation rates that were markedly low compared with those from equivalent freshwater tailings samples. This was the case even if the salinity was low. From measurements made on these samples, it is concluded that the most important mechanisms for reduction due to the salt crust are the increase in surface reflectivity and the increase in the surface resistance to moisture transfer. The vapor pressure reduction in the air due to the salinity of the tailings water is also a factor.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of irrigation water salinity on yield and juice quality in a cultivar with high conductivity, high K+ juice, "NCo 310" and "TCP 87-3388 " was examined.
Abstract: Salinity of irrigation water reduces yield and juice quality in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids), but cultivars vary in the degree of reduction. Genotypes which accumulate more potassium (K+) may be more resistant to salinity than genotypes that accumulate less K+. We examined the effect of irrigation water salinity on yield and juice quality in a cultivar with high conductivity, high K+ juice, ‘NCo 310’, and a cultivar with low conductivity, low‐K+ juice, ‘TCP 87–3388 ‘. Plants were grown in lysimeters containing 793 L of soil and irrigated with water of 0.01, 1.25, 2.93, or 4.70 dS m‐1. Quality and component analyses were conducted on the juice of single stalks subdivided by length, and the juice from whole stalks. The two cultivars responded similarly to increased salinity, although juice of NCo310 had a higher mineral concentration, especially K+ and Cl‐. Yield and most quality components were not significantly reduced by 1.25 dS m‐1 water. The 2.93 and 4.70 dS m‐1 treatments reduced stalk ...
TL;DR: In this article, field observation was conducted to monitor phosphate concentrations in groundwater and seawater mixing at two sandy beaches in Futtsu and Miura in Tokyo Bay, Japan, where dissolved phosphate concentrations were measured along transects from fresh groundwater aquifer to seawater adjacent the beaches.
Abstract: Field observation was conducted to monitor phosphate concentrations in groundwater and seawater mixing at two sandy beaches in Futtsu and Miura in Tokyo Bay, Japan. Dissolved phosphate concentrations were measured along transects from fresh groundwater aquifer to seawater adjacent the beaches. The concentrations were often high (up to 46 µM) in fresh groundwater samples (Cl− < 0.2‰). Coastal seawater, on the other hand, exhibited low phosphate concentrations (1.5 µM or less). Along the transects, phosphate generally displayed non-conservative behavior during mixing of fresh and saline waters in the aquifer; concentrations as high as 100 µM were found around the upper limit of seawater intrusion (Cl− = ∼2‰). Laboratory experiments were executed to identify the processes that control the phosphate behavior in the mixing processes. The results revealed that adsorption-desorption processes by the aquifer sand particles could significantly control the phosphate concentrations in the groundwater. Furthermore, the adsorption and/or desorption was found to be a function of salinity; the equilibrium concentration of dissolved phosphate in slurry of sand and water was the highest in freshwater and decreased considerably in saline water. The extreme concentration of phosphate may be caused by release from sand particles coinciding with the rapid change in salinity with tide.
TL;DR: In an effort to combat rising groundwater tables and expanding saline lakes, saline water has been disposed of into the aquatic environment, despite there beinglittle information as to the environmental effects as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In an effort to combat rising groundwater tables andexpanding saline lakes, saline water has been disposedof into the aquatic environment, despite there beinglittle information as to the environmental effects.Monitoring of the effect of saline lake water disposalon aquatic macroinvertebrates and water quality wasconducted in the Barwon River, south west Victoria,Australia, in association with toxicity tests. Thedisposal of saline lake water was associated withchanges in macroinvertebrate community structure.Contrary to expectations, increases in electricalconductivity (a measure of salinity) was not the onlywater quality parameter associated with saline waterdisposal. An experiment was conducted where thetoxicity of saline lake water was compared to that ofa prepared solution of the same electricalconductivity. Toxicity was greater in the saline lakewater than the prepared solution. The results suggestthat saline water disposal is impacting onmacroinvertebrate fauna but electrical conductivity isnot the only factor responsible. These results haveconsequences for both management of aquatic resourcesand for monitoring programs which are discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of basin water reallocation on water availability and crop productivity were evaluated using a semi-distributed hydrological model (SLURP) in the Ku y Cenneti wetland in the Gediz River Delta in Turkey.
Abstract: The Ku y Cenneti is a wetland in the Gediz River Delta in Turkey. Part of it needs a large supply of low saline water to ensure the survival of endangered bird species. Any increase must be supplied at the expense of the upstream irrigated agriculture. The effects of basin water reallocation on water availability and crop productivity were evaluated using a semi-distributed hydrological model (SLURP). It was found that, during the irrigation season, increased wetland water demand causes increased loss in yield to irrigated agriculture and, outside this period, the water supply is limited by the Gediz River minimum base flow.
TL;DR: In this article, a model based on a system approach was developed, where the responses of plants to water and salinity stress are expressed in a structural system of equations, applied to field crops in the Israeli Negev, in three case studies, using existing linear and non-linear relationships between yield and irrigation and between yield, salinity.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Patel et al. as discussed by the authors investigated the effect of water table depth, irrigation water salinity, and fertilizer application on root zone salt buildup in field Iysimeters planted with green peppers (Capsicum annuum).
Abstract: Patel, R.M., Prasher, S.D. and Bonnell, R.B. 2000. Effects of watertable depth, irrigation water salinity, and fertilizer application on root zone salt buildup. Can. Agric. Eng. 42: 111-115. Salt buildup due to irrigation water salinity and fertilizer application was studied in field Iysimeters planted with green peppers (Capsicum annuum).Waterwas applied by subirrigation, and the fertilizers were incorporated at the soil surface. Three subirrigation water salinities, I, 5, and 9 dS/m and two watertable depths, 0.4 and 0.8 m, were used. The soil salinity was determined by first measuring the bulk soil salinity by time domain reflectometry (TDR) and then converting it to soil solution salinity (ECsw)' It was found that the salinity of the subirrigation water affected ECsw in the upper soil profile when the watertable was maintained at 0.4 m depth. The subirrigation water also affected the lower half of the soil profile when the watertable was maintained at 0.8 m depth; however, it did not affect any salt buildup in the upper half. Also, the addition of N, P, and K fertilizers did not contribute to the salt buildup in the soil. Although watertable depth and subirrigation water salinity affected ECsw' they did not affect the green pepper yield. The experiment was conducted using field Iysimeters filled with a sandy soil and covered with a plastic sheet to simulate arid conditions. Therefore, caution should be exercised in extrapolating the results of this study to field conditions and other soils. L'accumulation de sel dans Ie sol due a l'irrigation avec de l'eau saline et aI'utilisation de fertilisants, a ete etudie au champs dans des Iysimetres OU ont ete semes des plants de piment vert (Capsicum annuum). Un systeme d'irrigation souterraine a ete utilize, et les fertilisants ont ete incorpores ala surface du sol. Nous avons teste trois
TL;DR: In this paper, the boron isotope compositions of hypersaline pore fluids from DSDP Sites 372 and 374 were measured in an attempt to evaluate the origin of the brines.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the effects of irrigation with saline water on the vegetative development of grafted cucumber plants in a greenhouse and found that plant height, unit leaf area and leaf area index were linearly affected by water salinity.
Abstract: Greenhouse soil salinization by excessive fertilization and lack of leaching has been a common cause of cucumber yield reduction in Brazil. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of irrigation with saline water on the vegetative development of grafted cucumber plants in a greenhouse. Three water salinities (S1=1.58; S2=3.08 e S3=5.13 dS m-1), two irrigation water depths (L0=1.00 x ETc e L1=1.25 x ETc) and two application frequencies of L1 (F1=in all irrigations and F2=when the irrigation water depth of L0 reached 100 mm) were used. Irrigation water depths and frequencies of L1 were grouped and, therefore, the experimental design was in a factorial scheme 3x3, with randomized blocks. Results showed that plant height, unit leaf area and leaf area index were linearly affected by water salinity. No differences were observed for the various irrigation water depths and frequencies of L1 application.
TL;DR: The water balance of young almond trees (Amygdalus communis L. cv. Atocha grafted onto Pestaneta' almond rootstock), drip-irrigated with low quality water, was determined during two and a half years as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of saline water (4, 8, 12 dS m-1) irrigation on gas exchange and growth response of alfalfa genotypes Anand-2, T-9 and IL-112 was studied.
Abstract: The influence of saline water (4, 8, 12 dS m-1) irrigation on gas exchange and growth response of alfalfa genotypes Anand-2, T-9 and IL-112 was studied. T-9 and IL-112 showed a significant increase in net photosynthetic rate (PN) at low salinity (4 dS m-1) compared to the control whereas Anand-2 maintained an unaltered PN. Reduction in PN at higher salinities was primarily due to reduction of stomatal conductance. There was a greater reduction in transpiration rate as compared to PN rate, which resulted in an increase in water use efficiency (WUE). High WUE may serve as one of the strategies of the plant to withstand saline environment. However, the slight increase in WUE in Anand-2 could not help in maintaining its growth. Increase in Na+ concentration in comparison to K+ concentration may also contribute to the inhibition in growth.
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: In this paper, a management model was defined and tested towards optimal treatment of the saline water in the Lake of Galilee (Kinneret) for agricultural irrigation in the Kingdom of Jordan and the State of Israel for their mutual benefits.
TL;DR: Highly variable, outcrossed papaya lines irrigated with overhead sprinklers were grown at Yarwun in Queensland, Australia, and about 26% of plants were lost due to the phytoplasma diseases dieback, yellow crinkle and mosaic over the life of the trial.
Abstract: Highly variable, outcrossed papaya lines irrigated with overhead sprinklers were grown at Yarwun (151.3˚E, 23.75˚S) in Queensland, Australia. The inherent variability made scientifically based comparative studies impractical. The advent of uniform hybrid papaya lines allowed the testing of 2 of these hybrids under 3 irrigation methods, 2 of which had the potential to greatly reduce water use compared with overhead sprinklers. Yields of 92 t/ha.year were achieved by both papaya Hybrids 29 and 1E. Water application method did not influence yield. About 26% of plants were lost due to the phytoplasma diseases dieback, yellow crinkle and mosaic over the life of the trial. Downward yield fluctuations were related to poor fruit set in winter when pollinators (Family Sphingidae) were not present and growth was slow due to hot dry periods affecting fruit set. The resultant fruit (about 6 months later) were small and reduced in number. Irrigation with overhead sprinklers using saline water (1400–4000 S/cm) damaged leaves and reduced growth of plants. Winter spot was most severe in July, August and September, in Hybrid 29 with overhead irrigation. Height of plants 13 weeks after planting was greater under trickle irrigation due to less damage from the saline water supply than in the overhead sprinkler treatment. Hybrid 29 set fruit at 94.3 cm above ground compared with 117.6 cm for Hybrid 1E.
01 Oct 2000
01 Oct 2000
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented an analysis of the performance of a transient state model for numerical simulation of water and solute transport, known as LEACHM-C, for areas where saline water may be an option for crop production.
Abstract: Arid and semi-arid countries are facing the exhaustion of their fresh water resources and are being forced to use saline water (brackish groundwater and drainage water) for irrigated agriculture. The result is often disastrous, as extensive productive regions become salinized. Nevertheless, there is potential to expand irrigated agriculture through the increasing use of saline waters for irrigation. This study presents an analysis of the performance of a transient state model for numerical simulation of water and solute transport, known as LEACHM-C. It is assessed for areas where saline water may be an option for crop production. The model estimates the salt and water balance of a soil profile given certain irrigation and crop rotation strategies. The predictive capability of the model was successfully tested using one year of data from a field experiment in a dry region of India. Comparison between observed and predicted values of soil profile salinity (0-120 cm) was performed by graphical display techniques and by using four statistical indices: root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of residual mass (CRM), coefficient of determination (CD) and modeling efficiency (EF). Based on the statistics, as well as the graphical displays, initial model simulations were marginal. The model over-estimated the measured values. The RMSE results ranged from 28 to 70%. Agreement was improved when water retention parameters a and b were adjusted using regression equations for calculating retentivity (Hutson and Wagenet, 1992). The RMSE values, following adjustment of the water retention parameters, ranged from 13 to 24%, indicating the importance of obtaining accurate values of soil parameters for optimum model performance.
TL;DR: In this paper, an investigation was carried out using 25 natural water samples from N arayanganj district, Bangladesh to examine the quality of both groundwater and surface water in relation to pollution and the suitability of these waters for irrigation.
Abstract: An investigation was carried out using 25 natural water samples from N arayanganj district, Bangladesh to examine the quality of both groundwater and surface water in relation to pollution and the suitability of these waters for irrigation. High concentrations of Na, Ca, Mg, HCO3, and CI ions were recorded in all the tested samples. Significant variations in the values of electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and major ions were observed. Some samples contained high levels of EC (0.184 to 1.624 dS m−1 at 25°C) that revealed the presence of soluble salts which could cause crust formation and seal development of the soil profile due to the chemical and mechanical action of test water, and reduce infiltration rate. The average concentrations of Ca and Mg were 78.15 and 16.55 mg L−1. Higher amounts of Ca and Mg ions contributed to the water hardness in some samples. Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and the amount of residual sodium carbonate (RSC) ranged from 0.14 to 4.09 and −7.62...