Showing papers on "Saline water published in 2018"
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of humic acid and calcium nitrate on the growth and fruit yield quality of pepper plants under salt stress condition were evaluated under normal and salt stress conditions.
80 citations
TL;DR: The results have demonstrated that lavender growth/development and EO production may be affected by saline levels, whereas mechanisms for alteration of induced stress are of great significance considering the importance of the oil composition, as well.
Abstract: Saline water has been proposed as a solution to partially cover plant water demands due to scarcity of irrigation water in hot arid areas. Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) plants were grown hydroponically under salinity (0-25-50-100 mM NaCl). The overcome of salinity stress was examined by K, Zn and Si foliar application for the plant physiological and biochemical characteristics. The present study indicated that high (100 mM NaCl) salinity decreased plant growth, content of phenolics and antioxidant status and essential oil (EO) yield, while low-moderate salinity levels maintained the volatile oil profile in lavender. The integrated foliar application of K and Zn lighten the presumable detrimental effects of salinity in terms of fresh biomass, antioxidant capacity, and EO yield. Moderate salinity stress along with balanced concentration of K though foliar application changed the primary metabolites pathways in favor of major volatile oil constituents biosynthesis and therefore lavender plant has the potential for cultivation under prevalent semi-saline conditions. Zn and Si application, had lesser effects on the content of EO constituents, even though altered salinity induced changings. Οur results have demonstrated that lavender growth/development and EO production may be affected by saline levels, whereas mechanisms for alteration of induced stress are of great significance considering the importance of the oil composition, as well.
74 citations
TL;DR: The results showed that soil productivity as indicated by the vegetative growth and tomato yield components was adversely and significantly affected by saline water irrigation and biochar amendments have the potential in ameliorating salt stress and enhancing tomato production.
Abstract: Biochar amendments have been used in agriculture to improve soil fertility and enhance crop productivity. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that biochar amendment could also enhance the productivity of salt-affected soils. The trial was conducted over two consecutive growing seasons to investigate the effect of biochar amendment (four application rates as: B1 = 0%, B2 = 2%, B3 = 4%, and B4 = 8% by mass of soil) on yield and quality of tomatoes grown in a silt loam soil using non-saline water (I0 = 0.7 dS m−1) and saline water (I1 = 1 dS m−1; I2 = 3 dS m−1) irrigation. Furthermore, the study investigated the mechanism by which biochar addresses the salt stress on plant. The results showed that soil productivity as indicated by the vegetative growth and tomato yield components was adversely and significantly affected by saline water irrigation (P < 0.05). Tomato yield decreased from 689 ± 35.6 to 533 ± 79.0 g per plant as salinity of irrigation water increased from I0 to I2. Then, biochar amendment increased vegetative growth, yield, and quality parameters under saline irrigation water regimes, and ameliorated the salt stresses on crop growth. The highest (8.73 ± 0.15 and 4.10 ± 0.82 g kg−1) and the lowest (8.33 ± 0.08 and 2.42 ± 0.76 g kg−1) values of soil pH and soil organic matter were measured at B4I0 and B1I2 treatments, respectively. Also, the highest rate of biochar amendment combining with non-saline water irrigation (B4I0) produced tomato with the highest plant photosynthetic (17.08 ± 0.19 μmol m−2 s−1) and transpiration rate (8.16 ± 0.18 mmol H2O m−2 s−1). Mechanically, biochar amendment reduced transient sodium ions by adsorption and released mineral nutrients such as potassium, calcium, and magnesium into the soil solution. Therefore, biochar amendments have the potential in ameliorating salt stress and enhancing tomato production.
72 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors performed molecular dynamics simulations in the presence of different ions in brine solutions in the oil reservoirs to obtain deeper insights at atomic level into the understanding the characteristics of the calcite-water interface, and found that the appearance of ions at calcite/brine interface is more effective in wettability alteration for low saline brines such as seawater than high saline ones like formation water validating the applicability of low saline water injection method to improve oil recovery efficiency.
62 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the dewatering behavior of three types of clay minerals (i.e., kaolinite, bentonite, and illite) in saline water, and in particular the effect of factors including clay mineralogy, clay suspended solid concentration, water salinity, and polymer flocculant dosage, were investigated.
60 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of NaCl on seed germination and influence of salicylic acid on seed in order to improving salt tolerant on broad bean was evaluated and the results showed that the positive effect of SA towards resistance to the salinity of Vicia faba L. will provide some practical basis for V. fabaL cultivation.
58 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the microbial corrosion impedance of carbon steel in oilfield saline water via quaternary ammonium salt (DDAC) has been estimated utilizing weight loss, electrochemical measurements and surface morphology analysis.
58 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the response of plants to severe water stress, which resulted in stomatal closure and a decrease in net photosynthesis rate, involved a marked decrease in plant height and growth, after which a slight acclimation may have occurred in these plants.
51 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an attempt has been made in Nagapattinam and Karaikal Coastal aquifers to explain hydrochemical characteristics and salinization sources and a total of 122 groundwater samples were collected during southwest monsoon and summer seasons and analyzed for major and minor ions.
Abstract: An attempt has been made in Nagapattinam and Karaikal Coastal aquifers to explain hydrochemical characteristics and salinization sources. A total of 122 groundwater samples were collected during southwest monsoon and summer seasons and analyzed for major and minor ions. Groundwater samples represents alkaline nature irrespective of seasons. Larger variations in conductivity might be due to multiple geochemical processes. Hill piper plot suggests evolution of groundwater from fresh to saline facies during both the seasons. The multi-rectangular facies evolution diagram identifies saline intrusion dominant during summer and freshening of waters during southwest monsoon. The Ionic ratio plot suggests saline intrusion, cation exchange and anthropogenic sources controlling the groundwater chemistry. Correlation and factor analysis suggests additional sources of salinization from salt pan and agricultural influences. The spatial distribution map suggests larger area influenced by saline water intrusion when compared with other sources.
49 citations
TL;DR: Recommendations for the establishment of integrative cultivation practices for nursery growers are made; these include exogenous application of nutrients and osmolytes and enrichment with CO2, in order to mitigate the damage caused by salt stress to ornamental plants.
49 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a study was conducted in a coastal region of Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu, India, to identify the hydrogeochemical processes controlling the groundwater chemistry, which indicated that ion exchange, weathering, salt water intrusion along the coast, and anthropogenic impacts are the major controlling factors for groundwater chemistry of the region.
Abstract: A study was conducted in a coastal region of Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu, India, to identify the hydrogeochemical processes controlling the groundwater chemistry. The major geological units of the study area are sandstone, clay, alluvium, and laterite soils of Tertiary and Quaternary age. A total of 64 groundwater samples were measured for major ions and stable isotopes. Higher electrical conductivity values indicate the poor quality groundwater along the coastal region. Saline water intrusion mainly affects the hydrochemical composition of the aquifer water reflected by Na–Cl-type waters. Cl−/(Cl− + HCO3−) ratio also indicates the mixing of fresh groundwater with saline water. The results of δD and δ18O analyses show that isotopic compositions of groundwater ranges from − 7.7 to − 2.1‰ for δ18O and from − 55.6 to − 18.5‰ for δD. Correlation and factor analysis were carried out to find the association of ions and to determine the major factors controlling the groundwater chemistry of the region. The study indicates that ion exchange, weathering, salt water intrusion along the coast, and anthropogenic impacts are the major controlling factors for the groundwater chemistry of the region.
TL;DR: Endive grown in the nutrient film technique had tolerance to NaCl salinity, and this method could be used to exploit saline water in soilless culture and provide an efficient tool to improve the quality of leafy vegetables with little effect on yield.
Abstract: Tzortzakis N.G., 2010. Potassium and calcium enrichment alleviate salinity-induced stress in hydroponically grown endives . Hort. Sci. (Prague), 37: 155-162. Salinity either of soil or of irrigation water causes disturbance in plant growth and nutrient balance and reduces crop yields. The effects of NaCl salinity and/or calcium or potassium level on the plant growth and severity of gray mold (Botrytis cinerea (De Bary) Whetzel) were investigated in endive ( Cichorium endivia L., cv. Green Curled) grown with the 2 concentration. Total nutrient uptake was reduced 2-fold in salt-treated plants compared to controls. No symptoms of tip-burn or blackheart were recorded throughout the experimental study. Endive grown in the nutrient film technique had tolerance to NaCl salinity, and this method could be used to exploit saline water in soilless culture. These findings also suggest that a proper management of the salt concentration of the nutrient solution plus external elemental enrichment may provide an efficient tool to improve the quality of leafy vegetables with little effect on yield.
TL;DR: It was concluded that the foliar spray of low concentration of proline can increase the tolerance of both cultivars of tomato to salinity under field conditions.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors applied the random forest model with a sliding window strategy to forecast chlorophyll-a concentrations in the fresh water of the Urayama Reservoir and the saline water of Lake Shinji.
Abstract: There is a growing world need for predicting algal blooms in lakes and reservoirs to better manage water quality. We applied the random forest model with a sliding window strategy, which is one of the machine learning algorithms, to forecast chlorophyll- a concentrations in the fresh water of the Urayama Reservoir and the saline water of Lake Shinji. Both water bodies are situated in Japan and have historical water records containing more than ten years of data. The Random Forest model allowed us to forecast trends in time series of chlorophyll- a in these two water bodies. In the case of the reservoir, we used the data separately from two sampling stations. We found that the best model parameters for the number of min-leaf, and with/without pre-selection of predictors, varied at different stations in the same reservoir. We also found that the best performance of lead-time and accuracy of the prediction varied between the two stations. In the case of the lake, we found the best combination of a min-leaf and pre-selection of predictors was different from that of the reservoir case. Finally, the most influential parameters for the random forest model in the two water bodies were identified as BOD, COD, pH, and TN/TP.
TL;DR: Saponin priming could be used as an easy-operated and cost-effective technology for sustaining quinoa crop growth on salt-affected soils and found operative in mitigating the negative effects of salt stress.
Abstract: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a facultative halophyte of great value, and World Health Organization has selected this crop, which may assure future food and nutritional security under changing climate scenarios. However, germination is the main critical stage of quinoa plant phenology affected by salinity. Therefore, two experiments were conducted to improve its performance under salinity by use of saponin seed priming. Seeds of cv. Titicaca were primed in seven different solutions with varying saponin concentrations (i.e. 0%, 0.5%, 2%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 25% and 35%), and then, performances of primed seeds were evaluated based on mean germination time and final germination percentage in germination assays (0 and 400 mM NaCl stress). Saponin solutions of 10%, 15% and 25% concentration were found most effective priming tools for alleviating adverse effects of salt stress during seed germination. Performances of these primed seeds were further evaluated in pot study. At six-leaf stage, plants were irrigated with saline water having either 0 or 400 mM NaCl. The results indicated that saline irrigation significantly decreased the growth, physiology and yield of quinoa, whereas saponin priming found operative in mitigating the negative effects of salt stress. Improved growth, physiology and yield performance were linked with low ABA concentration, better plant water (osmotic and water potential) and gas relations (leaf photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance), low Na+ and high K+ contents in leaves. Our results suggest that saponin priming could be used as an easy-operated and cost-effective technology for sustaining quinoa crop growth on salt-affected soils.
TL;DR: In this article, a 2D/3D field-calibrated and validated HYDRUS model was applied to find optimal management scenarios (from 1980 different evaluated scenarios), defined as a combination of different salinity rates (SR), irrigation levels (IL, the ratio of an actual irrigation water deth and a full irrigation water depth), nitrogen fertilization rates (NR), and two water-saving irrigation strategies, deficit irrigation (DI) and partial root-zone drying (PRD).
TL;DR: In this paper, a greenhouse study was conducted to determine the impact of irrigation with saline groundwater on alfalfa growth and production in saline-sodic soils, and the sustainability of the system in terms of forage yield and quality was also evaluated.
TL;DR: Salinity treatment led to increased fruit total soluble solids, titratable acidity and firmness and improved the taste index, and cherry tomato treated with 25 mM NaCl produced fruit with improved quality in comparison with non-salinized control plants without compromising yield, while at 50 and 75’mM the improved fruit quality was accompanied by a reduction in yield.
Abstract: The use of saline water for plant production will become increasingly necessary over future decades. In some cases, fruit quality such as in tomato, can be improved by irrigation with saline water....
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of water salinity on the water retention curve of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) under constant volume condition was examined, and the results indicated that at a constant gravimetric moisture content the total suction increases as the salinity of the wetting liquid increases.
TL;DR: The overall results demonstrate that the MSWI bottom ash can be a promising alternative as the cementitious component applied in cements or concretes for civil engineering.
28 May 2018
TL;DR: A halophilic bacterial consortium enriched from Red Sea saline water and sediment samples collected from Abhor, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia was highly recommended to be employed in petroleum saline wastewater treatment process.
Abstract: A halophilic bacterial consortium was enriched from Red Sea saline water and sediment samples collected from Abhor, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The consortium potentially degraded different low (above 90% for phenanthrene and fluorene) and high (69 ± 1.4 and 56 ± 1.8% at 50 and 100 mg/L of pyrene) molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at different concentrations under saline condition (40 g/L NaCl concentration). The cell hydrophobicity (91° ± 1°) and biosurfactant production (30 mN/m) confirmed potential bacterial cell interaction with PAHs to facilitate biodegradation process. Co-metabolic study with phenanthrene as co-substrate during pyrene degradation recorded 90% degradation in 12 days. The consortium in continuous stirred tank reactor with petroleum refinery wastewater showed complete and 90% degradation of low and high molecular weight PAHs, respectively. The reactor study also revealed 94 ± 1.8% chemical oxygen demand removal by the halophilic consortium under saline condition (40 g/L NaCl concentration). The halophilic bacterial strains present in the consortium were identified as Ochrobactrum halosaudis strain CEES1 (KX377976), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain CEES2 (KX377977), Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain CEES3 (KX377978) and Mesorhizobium halosaudis strain CEES4 (KX377979). Thus, the promising halophilic consortium was highly recommended to be employed in petroleum saline wastewater treatment process.
TL;DR: In this paper, the water balance data revealed that the seasonal crop evapotranspiration of almonds varied from 850 to 955 mm in different treatments over the two seasons which represented 68-79% of the water application.
TL;DR: The present study demonstrates the utility of MFC for degrading starch in saline water with successful removal of starch and nitrate and decline in power density when the salt concentrations >1000 mM were used.
TL;DR: Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), a crop moderately sensitive to salinity stress, was used to evaluate the effects of the application of saline (S) and non-saline (NS) irrigation water during two growth phases in terms of plant growth, water status, floret yield, glucosinolate profile, and quality.
24 Jul 2018
TL;DR: In this article, the authors applied desalination via pervaporation process of wetland saline water using pure silica membranes employ TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate) as a precursor.
Abstract: Water is a very important resource for life on earth. Nowadays, water scarcity is a big issue around the world. Especially people who live in wetland areas, river is an important water source for their daily life. Unfortunately, the water becomes salty due to seawater intrusion into the river. The objective of this work is to apply desalination via pervaporation process of wetland saline water using pure silica membranes employ TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate) as a precursor. A two-step acid-base catalysed method has been applied to produce silica sols. The pure silica membranes were calcined under RTP (Rapid Thermal Process) method at 600°C for 1 hour. The various temperatures (20, 40 & 60 °C have been set in pervaporation set up in order to investigate the performance of silica membranes. It was found that at high temperature, silica membranes start to densify and give the lowest rejection compare to lower temperatures (84.9 %). In contrary, there was 100% of water flux increases when the feed temperature increases (from 0.61 to 1.19 kg m-2 h-1)
TL;DR: The predictive metagenomic analysis revealed that the metabolic pathways present in the groundwater samples studied, included the degradation of pesticides and refractory organics, matter cycling, and inorganic ion and mineral metabolites, which varied significantly depending on the salinity of the aquifer.
Abstract: Almost half of the groundwater in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) contains salt water originally derived from paleo-seawater due to the Holocene transgression, which then generates intense physicochemical gradients in the mixing zone between freshwater and saltwater. Although some studies have been conducted on the hydrological and geochemical characteristics of groundwater in the PRD to monitor the intrusion of seawater, little attention has been paid to the microbial community of this particular region. In this study, we implemented a high-throughput sequencing analysis to characterize the microbial communities along a salinity gradient in the PRD aquifer, China. Our results indicated that the microbial community composition varied significantly depending on the salinity of the aquifer. The presence of abundant anaerobic microorganisms of the genera Desulfovibrio and Methanococcus in certain saltwater samples may be responsible for the gas generation of H2S and CH4 in the stratum. In saline water samples (TDS > 10 g/L), the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis found two biomarkers that usually live in marine environments, and the aquifers of the PRD still contained large quantity of saltwater, indicating that the impact of the paleo-seawater has lasted to this day. The predictive metagenomic analysis revealed that the metabolic pathways present in the groundwater samples studied, included the degradation of pesticides and refractory organics (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), atrazine and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), matter cycling (methane, nitrogen and sulfur), and inorganic ion and mineral metabolites. This study can help enhance our understanding of the composition of the microbial assemblages and its implications as an environmental indicator in an aquifer affected by saltwater intrusion.
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of potassium (K) fertilization as a salt stress attenuator on gas exchanges and photochemical efficiency of West Indian cherry was evaluated under greenhouse conditions in the municipality of Campina Grande, PB.
Abstract: The problem of the lack of adequate water resources for agriculture has intensified in recent years, making it necessary to use waters with relatively high concentration of salts for the irrigation of crops all over the world. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of potassium (K) fertilization as a salt stress attenuator on gas exchanges and photochemical efficiency of West Indian cherry. The crop was cultivated under greenhouse conditions in the municipality of Campina Grande, PB, in lysimeters filled with 250 kg of sandy loam soil. Treatments were distributed in randomized blocks, in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme, with two levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water - ECw (0.8 and 3.8 dS m-1) and four K doses (50, 75, 100 and 125% of recommendation), in which the dose corresponding to 100% was equal to 19.8 g of K2O, with three replicates and one plant per repetition. Seedlings of the West Indian cherry cultivar BRS 366-Jaburu, grafted onto a locally developed rootstock from the clonal garden of the EMBRAPA Tropical Agroindustry, Pacajus, CE, were used. Irrigation with salinized water (electrical conductivity of 3.8 dS m-1) compromised the gas exchange and the photochemical efficiency of West Indian cherry plants. Potassium fertilization was not efficient at reducing the stress caused by water salinity on West Indian cherry plants.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used CFD ANSYS fluent software to simulate the freeze desalination process and showed that the achieved average ice salinity in the second stage of freezing process was below 0.05% which is regarded as good quality drinking water; also freezing at 225'k temperature produced the largest pure ice volume.
TL;DR: In this paper, the potential of these surrogates to simulate the formation of brominated trihalomethanes (Br-THMs) in natural saline waters was evaluated.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of water salinity on the flotation of oxidized coals were studied by investigating the change of coal surface properties and froth stability in water of different salinities.