Topic
Saline water
About: Saline water is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4795 publications have been published within this topic receiving 72818 citations. The topic is also known as: salt water & saltwater.
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28 Mar 2022TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined the culture suitability of common carp in inland saline by evaluating the growth as well as osmoregulatory responses, one hundred eighty Cyprinus carpio juveniles (15.9 ± 0.05g) were randomly distributed in four experimental groups in triplicate following completely randomised design T1(0 ppt), T2 (5 ppt, T3 (10 ppt) T4 (15 ppt). Complete mortality occurred in the group reared at 15 ppt within 7 days.
Abstract: Abstract To examine the culture suitability of common carp in inland saline by evaluating the growth as well as osmoregulatoryresponses , one hundred eighty Cyprinus carpio juveniles (15.9 ± 0.05g) were randomly distributed in four experimental groups in triplicate following completely randomiseddesign T1(0 ppt), T2 (5 ppt), T3 (10 ppt) T4 (15 ppt). Complete mortality occurred in the group reared at 15 ppt within 7 days. Further, with three groups (salinities: 0, 5, 10 ppt)the experiment was continued for 60 days.The weight gain percentage, specific growth rate, protein efficiency rateand feed efficiency ratiowere lowest (P<0.05)in the groups reared at 10 ppt compared to 0 and 5 ppt. Similarly, highest expression of IGF-1was observed at 0 ppt followed by 5 ppt. Serum ions concentration as well as serum and water osmolality was increased significantly at 10 ppt compared to 0 ppt and 5 ppt. Na,K-ATPase alpha subunitwas non-significantly increased from 0 to 5 ppt but its value was significantly higher at 10 ppt. Serum glucose and cortisol were independent on salinity (0-10 ppt). the studies revealed that common carp can tolerate salinity upto 10 ppt, however at 5 ppt highest salinity upto which species can grow without any adverse effect on their internal physiology was found and suitable for growth.
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17 Mar 2022TL;DR: In this paper , the authors developed a towed transient electromagnetic (tTEM) system for a new, easily configurable floating, transient electromagnetic instrument (FloaTEM), capable of imaging the subsurface beneath both freshwater and saltwater.
Abstract: Abstract. Imaging geological layers beneath lakes, rivers, and shallow seawater provides detailed information critical for hydrological modeling, geologic studies, contaminant mapping, and more. However, significant engineering and interpretation challenges have limited the applications, preventing widespread adoption in aquatic environments. We have developed a towed transient electromagnetic (tTEM) system for a new, easily configurable floating, transient electromagnetic instrument (FloaTEM) capable of imaging the subsurface beneath both freshwater and saltwater. Based on the terrestrial tTEM instrument, the FloaTEM system utilizes a similar philosophy of a lightweight towed transmitter with a trailing offset receiver pulled by a small boat. The FloaTEM system is tailored to the specific freshwater or saltwater application as necessary, allowing investigations down to 100âm in freshwater environments and up to 20âm on saline waters. Through synthetic analysis, we show how the depth of investigation of the FloaTEM system greatly depends on the resistivity and thickness of the water column. The system has been successfully deployed in Denmark for a variety of hydrologic investigations, improving the ability to understand and model processes beneath water bodies. We present two freshwater applications and a saltwater application. Imaging results reveal significant heterogeneities in the sediment types below the freshwater lakes. The saline water example demonstrates that the system is capable of identifying and distinguishing clay and sand layers below the saline water column.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of three levels of water salinity (0.5, 2.75, 5.5 dS/m) and foliar application of salicylic acid (0, 100, 200 ) on growth, grain yield, and yield components of maize was investigated.
Abstract: Two experiments in cemented plots were carried out during 2012 and 2013 summer seasons at Soil Salinity and Alkalinity Laboratory, Alexandria, Egypt, to study the effect of three levels of irrigation water salinity (0.5, 2.75, 5.5 dS/m) and foliar application of salicylic acid (0, 100, 200 ppm) on growth, grain yield, and yield components of Maize. Split plot with four replicates was the experimental design. The results revealed that at mid-season, irrigation with saline water significantly decreased plant height (cm), plant fresh weight (g), and plant dry weight (g). However, number of leaves/plant, leaves area/plant (m2), and leaf area index were not significantly affected. Also, at mid-season foliar spraying with salicylic acid significantly increased plant fresh weight (g), and plant dry weight (g). However, plant height (cm), number of leaves/plant, leaves area/plant (m2), and leaf area index were not significantly affected. At end-season irrigation with saline water significantly decreased ear height (cm), ear weight (g), number of grains/row, 100 kernel weight (g), grain yield (g/plot), biological yield (g/plot), straw yield (g/plot), and harvest index while number of rows/ear was not significantly affected. Also, at end-season foliar application of salicylic acid significantly increased all the studied parameters except for ear height (cm), number of rows/ear, and harvest index. The interaction between salinity and salicylic acid was not significant for all the studied parameters except for grain yield meaning that every factor is acting independently from each other. In conclusion, salicylic acid could be used as an antioxidants or potential growth regulator to improve corn growth and grain yield under salinity conditions.
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, the root growth pattern of Manzanillo and Picual cultivars was investigated in the nursery of Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University at Giza during the period 1994-1995.
Abstract: The present investigation was conducted during the period 1994 - 1995. The objective of this experiment is to determine the annual pattern of root growth of young plants of Manzanillo and Picual cultivars. Uniform 5. month - old plants (orginally propagated by stem cutting) of two cultivars were grown in nursery of Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University at Giza. Olive plants were planted in above-ground rhiziotrons. Plastic barrels rhizotrons were 50 cm in diameter and 90 cm depth were filled with sand and clay (8:1 by volume). Strogonov chloride mixture (1962) was used as the source of salinity. Linear extension of roots in each rhizotron was measured every 15 days. Samples were taken at the end of the experiment and the following properties were studied: Length of the fibrous root and wooden root per plant and dry weight of roots per plant. According to the obtained data it could be noticed that the presence of salts in root media depressed directly root growth. This result was true for both types of the studied roots, i.e fibrous roots (> 2mm) and non fibrous roots (< 2mm). Moreover, the degree of depression seems to be strongly dependant on the salt concentration. In this respect, control plants which received tap water recorded the longest roots, then a gradual significant decrease was detected by raising salt concentration, whereas 7000 ppm. disclosed the highest reduction compared to the other two salt treatments. Consequently, salinity had a restrictive effect on rate of root elongation. The dry weight of roots as affected by salinity stress on olive cultivars had similar trend to that of growth rate weight, whereas yield of plant dry weight progressively decreased by increasing salinity concentration in the irrigation water. Discussing the differences among the two studied cultivars, the obtained data generally showed that Manzanillo cv. produced the longest roots with the highest growth rate than Picual cv. Moreover, the effect of interaction between cultivar x salt concentration appeared, as a general trend, that Manzanillo cultivar at any salt concentration seemed to have longer fibrous roots than Picual cv.
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of water salinity on the conventional AOC assay method was investigated, and the number of cells produced in water samples was measured by the heterotrophic plate count (HPC) method using R2A agar.
Abstract: Biofouling caused by the deposition or growth of microorganisms on the membrane surface is one of the major concerns in nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) processes. Assimilable organic carbon (AOC) has been a useful index to assess the growth potential of bacteria. In the case of drinking water, the AOC assay method has been widely applied to estimate growth or regrowth potential of bacteria in distribution and storage systems. However, studies on AOC measurement for high salinity water samples such as brackish water and seawater are rather scarce. The objective of this research is to investigate the influence of water salinity on the conventional AOC assay method. AOC samples with different salt concentrations were prepared by varying NaCl concentration from 0 to 35,000 mg/L, while the acetate concentration was held at 100 μg/L. The number of cells produced in water samples was measured by the heterotrophic plate count (HPC) method using R2A agar. The result showed that the cell production of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain P17 and Spirillum strain NOX decreased with increasing salinity. Especially, the growth of Spirillum strain NOX was noticeably influenced by water salinity. To further observe the relation between acetate concentration and cell production in high salinity water, organic-free saline water samples were prepared by spiking NaCl in deionized (DI) water. The organic-free saline water samples were enriched with acetate of which concentration was varied to be 0–1,000 μg/L (as acetate). Also, P. fluorescens strain P17 was adjusted to high total dissolved solids (TDS) condition prior to being injected into the saline water samples. The result demonstrated that the amount of microorganisms increased with increasing acetate concentration. Although AOC measurement of saline water using Spirillum strain NOX seemed unacceptable, it was suggested that P. fluorescens strain P17 has the possibility to be used in measuring AOC in saline water. Moreover, the yield factor was altered as a result of reflecting salinity impact as the growth number of P. fluorescens strain P17 was unstable with high saline condition.