Salinispora arenicola

About: Salinispora arenicola is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 66 publications have been published within this topic receiving 4122 citations.

Diversity of Mycobacterium species from marine sponges and their sensitivity to antagonism by sponge‐derived rifamycin‐synthesizing actinobacterium in the genus Salinispora

Abstract: Eleven isolates of Mycobacterium species as well as an antimycobacterial Salinispora arenicola strain were cultured from the sponge Amphimedon queenslandica. The 16S rRNA, rpoB, and hsp65 genes from these Mycobacterium isolates were sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis of a concatenated alignment showed the formation of a large clade with Mycobacterium poriferae isolated previously from another sponge species. The separation of these Mycobacterium isolates into three species-level groups was evident from sequence similarity and phylogenetic analyses. In addition, an isolate that is phylogenetically related to Mycobacterium tuberculosis was recovered from the sponge Fascaplysinopsis sp. Several different mycobacteria thus appear to co-occur in the same sponge. An actinobacterium closely related to S. arenicola, a known producer of the antimycobacterial rifamycins, was coisolated from the same A. queenslandica specimen from which mycobacteria had been isolated. This Salinispora isolate was confirmed to synthesize rifamycin and displayed inhibitory effects against representatives from two of three Mycobacterium phylotype groups. Evidence for antagonism of sponge-derived Salinispora against sponge-derived Mycobacterium strains from the same sponge specimen and the production of antimycobacterial antibiotics by this Salinispora strain suggest that the synthesis of such antibiotics may have functions in competition between sponge microbial community members.

A preliminary investigation on the growth requirement for monovalent cations, divalent cations and medium ionic strength of marine actinomycete Salinispora

Abstract: In this paper, we report that three species of Salinispora, S. arenicola, S. tropica, and S. pacifica, require magnesium and calcium, for growth, with S. pacifica having the most stringent growth requirement for these ions. Interaction between these ions in supporting the growth of Salinispora was observed. We also demonstrated that the absolute requirement of sodium to support the growth of Salinispora has not been established as all three species of Salinispora can use either potassium or lithium to replace sodium to support maximum growth. While lithium can replace sodium to support maximum growth of Salinispora, it is more toxic to S. arenicola than S. tropica and S. pacifica, inhibiting the growth of S. arenicola at 189 mM but without effect on the growth of S. tropica and S. pacifica. Using both sodium chloride-based and lithium chloride-based media, we showed that Salinispora has a growth requirement for divalent ions, magnesium and calcium as well as growth requirement for ionic strength (8.29 to 15.2 mS/cm). S. arenicola has a lower growth requirement for ionic strength than S. tropica and S. pacifica.

Description of Verrucosispora qiuiae sp. nov., isolated from mangrove swamp sediment, and emended description of the genus Verrucosispora

Abstract: A Micromonospora -like strain, RtIII47T, was isolated from a mangrove swamp in Sanya, Hainan Province, China. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the strain had a close association with the genus Verrucosispora and shared the highest sequence similarity with Verrucosispora lutea YIM 013T (98.0 %). The strain also showed high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Micromonospora olivasterospora DSM 43868T (97.9 %), Plantactinospora mayteni YIM 61359T (97.9 %), Salinispora tropica CNB-440T (97.8 %), Micromonospora peucetia DSM 43363T (97.7 %), Micromonospora auratinigra TT1-11T (97.7 %), Verrucosispora sediminis CGMCC 4.3550T (97.6 %) and Salinispora arenicola CNH-643T (97.5 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on the gyrB gene sequence supported the conclusion that strain RtIII47T should be assigned to the genus Verrucosispora . DNA–DNA relatedness between strain RtIII47T and the most closely related type strain, V. lutea YIM 013T, was less than 40 %. Chemotaxonomic results confirmed the taxonomic position of the isolate in the genus Verrucosispora , and revealed differences at the species level in polar lipids, whole-cell sugars and DNA G+C content. A combination of physiological and biochemical tests also distinguished this strain from other Verrucosispora species. Based on genotypic and phenotypic observations, strain RtIII47T ( = CGMCC 4.5826T = NBRC 106684T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species, Verrucosispora qiuiae sp. nov. An emended description of the genus Verrucosispora is also provided.

Effects of salinity on antibiotic production in sponge-derived Salinispora actinobacteria.

Abstract: Aims: To investigate the effects of growth conditions related to marine habitat on antibiotic production in sponge-derived Salinispora actinobacteria. Methods and Results: Media with varying salt concentration were used to investigate the effects of salinity in relation to Salinispora growth and rifamycin production. The chemotypic profiles of the model strain Salinispora arenicola M413 was then assessed using metabolomic fingerprints from high-pressure liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and multivariate data analysis, before extending this approach to two other strains of S. arenicola. Fingerprint data were generated from extracts of S. arenicola broth cultures grown in media of varying salt (NaCl) concentrations. These fingerprints were then compared using multivariate analysis methods such as principal components analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). From the analysis, a low-sodium growth condition (1% NaCl) was found to delay the onset of growth of the model S. arenicola M413 strain when compared to growth in media with either 3% artificial sea salt or 3% NaCl. However, low-sodium growth conditions also increased cell mass yield and contributed to at least a significant twofold increase in rifamycin yield when compared to growth in 3% artificial sea salt and 3% NaCl. Conclusions: The integration of HPLC-DAD and multivariate analysis proved to be an effective method of assessing chemotypic variations in Salinispora grown in different salt conditions, with clear differences between strain-related chemotypes apparent due to varying salt concentrations. Significance and Impact of the Study: The observed variation in S. arenicola chemotypic profiles further suggests diversity in secondary metabolites in this actinomycete in response to changes in the salinity of its environment.