Sampling design

About: Sampling design is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4431 publications have been published within this topic receiving 140432 citations.

A comparison of three methods for selecting values of input variables in the analysis of output from a computer code

Abstract: Two types of sampling plans are examined as alternatives to simple random sampling in Monte Carlo studies. These plans are shown to be improvements over simple random sampling with respect to variance for a class of estimators which includes the sample mean and the empirical distribution function.

A generalization of sampling without replacement from a finite universe.

Abstract: This paper presents a general technique for the treatment of samples drawn without replacement from finite universes when unequal selection probabilities are used. Two sampling schemes are discussed in connection with the problem of determining optimum selection probabilities according to the information available in a supplementary variable. Admittedly, these two schemes have limited application. They should prove useful, however, for the first stage of sampling with multi-stage designs, since both permit unbiased estimation of the sampling variance without resorting to additional assumptions. * Journal Paper No. J2139 of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa, Project 1005. Presented to the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, March 17, 1951.

Respondent-driven sampling : A new approach to the study of hidden populations

Abstract: A population is “hidden” when no sampling frame exists and public acknowledgment of membership in the population is potentially threatening. Accessing such populations is difficult because standard probability sampling methods produce low response rates and responses that lack candor. Existing procedures for sampling these populations, including snowball and other chain-referral samples, the key-informant approach, and targeted sampling, introduce well-documented biases into their samples. This paper introduces a new variant of chain-referral sampling, respondent-driven sampling, that employs a dual system of structured incentives to overcome some of the deficiencies of such samples. A theoretic analysis, drawing on both Markov-chain theory and the theory of biased networks, shows that this procedure can reduce the biases generally associated with chain-referral methods. The analysis includes a proof showing that even though sampling begins with an arbitrarily chosen set of initial subjects, as do most chain-referral samples, the composition of the ultimate sample is wholly independent of those initial subjects. The analysis also includes a theoretic specification of the conditions under which the procedure yields unbiased samples. Empirical results, based on surveys of 277 active drug injectors in Connecticut, support these conclusions. Finally, the conclusion discusses how respondent- driven sampling can improve both network sampling and ethnographic 44 investigation.

Model assisted survey sampling

Abstract: PART I: Principles of Estimation for Finite Populations and Important Sampling Designs: Survey Sampling in Theory and Practice. Basic Ideas in Estimation from Probability Samples. Unbiased Estimation for Element Sampling Designs. Unbiased Estimation for Cluster Sampling and Sampling in Two or More Stages. Introduction to More Complex Estimation Problems.- PART II: Estimation through Linear Modeling, Using Auxiliary Variables: The Regression Estimator. Regression Estimators for Element Sampling Designs. Regression Estimators for Cluster Sampling and Two-Stage Sampling.- PART III: Further Questions in Design and Analysis of Surveys: Two-Phase Sampling. Estimation for Domains. Variance Estimation. Searching for Optimal Sampling Designs. Further Statistical Techniques for Survey Data.- PART IV: A Broader View of Errors in Surveys: Nonsampling Errors and Extensions of Probability Sampling Theory. Nonresponse. Measurement Errors. Quality Declarations for Survey Data.- Appendix A - D.- References.

Sampling in Interview-Based Qualitative Research: A Theoretical and Practical Guide

Abstract: Sampling is central to the practice of qualitative methods, but compared with data collection and analysis its processes have been discussed relatively little. A four-point approach to sampling in qualitative interview-based research is presented and critically discussed in this article, which integrates theory and process for the following: (1) defining a sample universe, by way of specifying inclusion and exclusion criteria for potential participation; (2) deciding upon a sample size, through the conjoint consideration of epistemological and practical concerns; (3) selecting a sampling strategy, such as random sampling, convenience sampling, stratified sampling, cell sampling, quota sampling or a single-case selection strategy; and (4) sample sourcing, which includes matters of advertising, incentivising, avoidance of bias, and ethical concerns pertaining to informed consent. The extent to which these four concerns are met and made explicit in a qualitative study has implications for its coherence, tran...