Showing papers on "Sativum published in 1984"
TL;DR: The contribution of the stem relative to total plant activity was assessed in this paper and it was concluded that stem tissues can contribute significantly to overall nitrate metabolism, and that 20% of total plant NRA can occur in the stem of G. max, L. angustifolius, Pisum sativum, Phaseolus vulgaris and V. faba.
Abstract: Summary
Nitrate reductase activity (NRA) was measured in leaves, stems and roots of six grain legumes supplied with different nitrate concentrations. The contribution of the stem relative to total plant activity was assessed.
In Lupinus angustifolius L., Pisum sativum L. and Viciafaba L., legumes of temperate origin, an increased proportion of total plant NRA occurred in the shoot as nitrate concentration was increased. In Cajanus cajan (L.) Wilisp., Glycine max (L.) Merr. and Phaseolus vulgaris L., legumes of tropical origin, the proportion of total plant NRA in root and shoot was relatively constant regardless of nitrate concentration.
More than 20% of total plant NRA can occur in the stem of G. max, L. angustifolius, Pisum sativum, Phaseolus vulgaris and V. faba. In C. cajan 10 to 15% of total plant NRA was found in the stem at all nitrate concentrations. It is concluded that stem tissues can contribute significantly to overall nitrate metabolism.
66 citations
TL;DR: All Mediterranean pulses appear to have originated in the Fertile Crescent, the most significant subsequent spread being to the north of the Mediterranean basin in the case of the common pea and the faba bean and to the east of it in the cases of the other three species.
Abstract: The evolution of the Mediterranean pulses, the common pea (Pisum sativum L.), the faba bean (Vicia faba L.), the grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.), the lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) and the chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), is considered from the points of view of geographic origin and subsequent dissemination. All appear to have originated in the Fertile Crescent, the most significant subsequent spread being to the north of the Mediterranean basin in the case of the common pea and the faba bean and to the east of it in the case of the other three species. The wild progenitor type is known for all species except the faba bean. In the grass pea the extent of divergence between wild and cultivated populations is small, possibly due to its use predominantly for forage and less as a pulse. Considerable divergence has occurred in other species, where use as a pulse is more important.
64 citations
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: It is concluded that stem tissues can contribute significantly to overall nitrate metabolism.
Abstract: Nitrate reductase activity (NRA) was measured in leaves, stems and roots of six grain legumes supplied with different nitrate concentrations. The contribution of the stem relative to total plant activity was assessed. In Lupinus angustifolius L., Pisum sativum L. and Viciafaba L., legumes of temperate origin, an increased proportion of total plant NRA occurred in the shoot as nitrate concentration was increased. In Cajanus cajan (L.) Wilisp., Glycine max (L.) Merr. and Phaseolus vulgaris L., legumes of tropical origin, the proportion of total plant NRA in root and shoot was relatively constant regardless of nitrate concentration. More than 20 % of total plant NRA can occur in the stem of G. max, L. angustifolius, Pisum sativum, Phaseolus vulgaris and V. faba. In C. cajan 10 to 15 % of total plant NRA was found in the stem at all nitrate concentrations. It is concluded that stem tissues can contribute significantly to overall nitrate metabolism.
64 citations
TL;DR: The results of the present investigation show that pea mutants which are modified in their symbiosis with Rhizobium leguminosarum, can readily be obtained and the significance of such mutants for fundamental studies of the legume-RhZobium symbiosis and for applications in plant breeding is discussed.
Abstract: In pea (Pisum sativum L.), mutants could be induced, modified in the symbiotic interaction withRhizobium leguminosarum. Among 250 M2-families, two nodulation resistant mutants (K5 and K9) were obtained. In mutant K5 the nodulation resistance was monogenic recessive and not Rhizobium strain specific. Out of 220 M2-families one mutant nod3 was found which could form nodules at high nitrate concentrations (15 mM KNO3). This mutant nodulated abundantly with severalRhizobium strains, both in the absence and presence of nitrate. Probably as the result of a pleiotropic effect, its root morphology was also changed. Among 1800 M2-families, five nitrate reductase deficient mutants were obtained and one of them (mutant E1) was used to study the inhibitory effect of nitrate on nodulation and nitrogen fixation.
62 citations
TL;DR: In this article, seven varieties of Pisum sativum from Afghanistan, Iran, Tibet and Turkey were tested for nodulation by 25 diverse strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum.
Abstract: Seven varieties of Pisum sativum from Afghanistan, Iran, Tibet and Turkey were tested for nodulation by 25 diverse strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum. The pea varieties were resistant to nodulation by 13 rhizobial strains from temperate regions, and formed few or no nodules. The varieties nodulated with 4 of 12 rhizobial strains from Middle Eastern soils. The plant-rhizobia specificity was identical to Pisum sativum var. “Afghanistan”. Crosses were made among five nodulation resistant varieties and “Afghanistan”. Genetic analysis indicates that the strain specific nodulation resistance in each of the five pea varieties is allelic with the sym-2 gene in “Afghanistan”. Surveys of worldwide pea collections have failed to discover varieties which are never nodulated by any rhizobial strain. There appears, however, to be a class of nodulation resistant peas from the Middle East which have the same restricted strain specificity.
52 citations
46 citations
TL;DR: Results presented herein show that trigonelline also promotes cell arrest in G2 in roots of Glycine max and Phaseolus vulgaris and that the percentage of cells that arrest inG2 in Roots of G. max decreases during seedling ontogeny, as it does in P. sativum.
42 citations
TL;DR: Using low concentrations of picloram, embryoids were formed on the surface of leaf-derived callus of pea, Pisum sativum L.v. Dippes Gelbe Victoria, and developed into torpedo-shaped embryos, which were transferred to solid medium and exhibited embryogenesis also from epicotyl- derived callus.
Abstract: Using low concentrations of picloram (0.06 mg/l), embryoids were formed on the surface of leaf-derived callus of pea, Pisum sativum L. (c.v. Dippes Gelbe Victoria) upon transfer to liquid medium. After some days in culture, embryoids spontaneously separated from the calli, and developed into torpedo-shaped embryos, which were transferred to solid medium. In a second series of experiments, embryos were also formed by mutant 489C and a genetic line of Pisum arvense, which additionally exhibited embryogenesis also from epicotyl-derived callus. Some of the embryos showed root formation, but no shoot morphogenesis occurred. In a limited number of cases, an additional root was formed in the apparent shoot apical region after 2–5 days.
39 citations
36 citations
36 citations
TL;DR: Pea plants, each with a single developing pod, were pulse-fed with [14C]homoserine supplied through the cut stem at stages of pod development ranging from 12 to 21 d after full blossom, confirming that the seedcoats are responsible for a shift in metabolism leading to secretion of threonine into the embryo sac instead of homoserine.
Abstract: Summary
Pea plants (Pisum sativum L. cv. Melbourne Market), each with a single developing pod, were pulse-fed with [14C]homoserine supplied through the cut stem at stages of pod development ranging from 12 to 21 d after full blossom. The pods were removed after 24 h and the hulls and seed components were frozen for later analysis. Except at the youngest stage, or unless the pod had been enclosed in foil to prevent the development of chloroplasts, the seeds received a higher proportion of total label in the fruit (about 60%). The distribution of label in soluble metabolites of the hull, seedcoats, embryo sac liquid and embryo was determined by paper chromatography and radioautography. The results indicate turnover of homoserine within the hull, and confirm that the seedcoats are responsible for a shift in metabolism leading to secretion of threonine into the embryo sac instead of homoserine.
TL;DR: Although the vining pea industry has made considerable advances during the post-war era, it is the dried pea crop which is currently attracting most attention–-particularly in Europe.
Abstract: Peas (Pisum sativum L.) continue to play an important but changing role in the agricultural and food industries. Although the vining pea industry has made considerable advances during the post-war ...
TL;DR: It is suggested that improvements in dried pea yields will come, therefore, by selecting plants which form more uniform populations with regard to plant size and to the proportion of plant biomass partitioned into seed (plant harvest index).
TL;DR: Data from 14 Pisum sativum L. cultivars establish that three pea genotypes, which were previously reported to affect net H2 evolution from root nodules in air and uptake hydrogenase activity of Rhi...
Abstract: Data from 14 Pisum sativum L. cultivars establish that three pea genotypes, which were previously reported to affect net H2 evolution from root nodules in air and uptake hydrogenase activity of Rhizobium leguminosarum 128C53, are not unique. Two pea lines, 'JI1205' and 'Green Arrow,' produced very active uptake hydrogenase activity in strain 128C53, and essentially no H2 was evolved in air from root nodules capable of reducing 20 μmol C2H2 ∙ plan−1 ∙ h−1. Five other cultivars produced significantly lower uptake hydrogenase activities in the same bacterial strain and had much higher rates of net H2 evolution with similar C2H2-reduction capabilities. Parallel experiments with the same cultivars nodulated by R. leguminosarum 300, an organism with no convincing uptake hydrogenase activity in any pea line, showed that 'JI1205' and 'Green Arrow' had a significantly lower relative efficiency (RE) of N2 fixation (1 − (H2 evolved in air/C2H2 reduced)) than the other five cultivars. Developmental differences among ...
TL;DR: Nucleotide-sequence analysis of a complementary-DNA clone for convicilin, one of the storage proteins from pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds, shows it to be homologous with the 7S legume seed storage proteins vicilin , conglycinin and phaseolin.
Abstract: Nucleotide-sequence analysis of a complementary-DNA clone for convicilin, one of the storage proteins from pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds, shows it to be homologous with the 7S legume seed storage proteins vicilin, conglycinin and phaseolin. Convicilin is more similar to vicilin than to phaseolin or to conglycinin. Significant areas of sequence difference are discussed.
TL;DR: Suca-6-phosphatase from pea shoots, which was purified to homogeneity, consists of two similar sub-units each with an MW of about 55 000; the pH optimum was at 6.8; the K m for sucrose-6,phosphate was 250 μM and theK m for magnesium was 175 μM.
TL;DR: Genes affecting the synthesis of legumin in Pisum sativum and of phaseolin in Phaseolus vulgaris have been identified and those for the major legumin gene family and for convicilin have been assigned to specific sites on linkage groups.
Abstract: The seed storage proteins of Pisum (pea) and Phaseolus vulgaris (French bean) exhibit genetic variation for polypeptide structure; genetical studies indicate that most of the major storage protein genes exhibit simple, codominant Mendelian inheritance. Biochemical analysis of the storage protein polypeptides and their messenger RNAs shows that the allelic alternatives are probably small families of closely linked structural genes. Two of these genes - those for the major legumin gene family and for convicilin, both from Pisum sativum - have been assigned to specific sites on linkage groups. Genes affecting the synthesis of legumin in Pisum sativum and of phaseolin in Phaseolus vulgaris have been identified.
TL;DR: Field peas taken from commercial crops grown in South Australia suggested that selenium deficiency could occur on grain and pea diets in which both ingredients had been grown on soils deficient in seenium.
Abstract: Ninety-one samples of field peas (Pisum sativum, cv. Early Dun) were taken from commercial crops grown in South Australia. Crude protein (N x 6 25) ranged from 2 1 .3 to 26.2% (92% dry matter basis) with mean 23.8 and standard deviation 0.8%. Seed mass was a poor indicator of protein level. Changes in the amino acid profile which accompanied changes in crude protein level appeared to be of only minor nutritional significance. The mean gross energy level was 16.8 ± 0.1 MJ/kg; an indirect estimate suggested a digestible energy level for pigs of around 14 MJ/kg. Deficiencies in calcium and phosphorus for the growing pig were confirmed and it is suggested that selenium deficiency could occur on grain and pea diets in which both ingredients had been grown on soils deficient in selenium.
TL;DR: Pollen of Pisum sativum was exposed to doses of 900 to 6,000 r of X-rays prior to pollinating a multiply marked genotype and showed that irradiation enhanced the proportion of maternal information transmitted to the progeny.
Abstract: Pollen of Pisum sativum was exposed to doses of 900 to 6,000 r of X-rays prior to pollinating a multiply marked genotype. The first generation progeny closely resembled that produced with unirradiated pollen. In the second generation, five loci were monitored, and the results showed that irradiation enhanced the proportion of maternal information transmitted to the progeny; the practical implications of the data, as well as the mechanism underlying the effect are discussed.
TL;DR: Commercially desirable lines have been selected which combine the resistance gene of Kinnauri with wrinkled seed from susceptible commercial cultivars, and which also possess high pod yields and other desirable characters.
Abstract: Summary To ascertain the inheritance of seed shape and resistance to Ascochyta blight and to incorporate resistance in commercial cultivars, crosses were made between cv. Kinnauri, a round-seeded resistant source and commercially important cvs Bonneville, Lincoln, GC 141, and Selection 18, highly susceptible to disease but wrinkled-seeded. The F1, F2 and F3 data indicated that seed shape and resistance to Ascochyta blight is determined by two independently inherited genes. Round seed and disease resistance are dominant over wrinkled seed and susceptibility. Commercially desirable lines have been selected which combine the resistance gene of Kinnauri with wrinkled seed from susceptible commercial cultivars, and which also possess high pod yields and other desirable characters.
TL;DR: Aphid feeding decreased acetylene-reducing activity of the bacteria, whole plant dry weight, nodule weight and number, and nitrogen content of plant tissue, and were proportional to the number of aphids infesting the plants.
Abstract: Different numbers of pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), were kept on pea plants, Pisum sativum (L.), bearing root nodules containing the symbiotic bacteria Rhizobium leguminosarum (Frank). Aphid feeding decreased acetylene-reducing activity of the bacteria by as much as 86%, whole plant dry weight up to 74%, nodule weight and number by 77 and 78%, respectively, and nitrogen content of plant tissue by a maximum of 84%. These effects were significant in both young plants 11 days after germination and in more mature plants after pod formation and were proportional to the number of aphids infesting the plants.
TL;DR: Elevated fruit 14C-sucrose levels found in other treatments include, methyl-2-chloro- 9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylate, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid and butanedioic acid mono-(2,2-dimethylhydrazide) (30-300 ppm) by about 34%, 39–52% and 7–13%, respectively.
Abstract: Using excised fruit/shoot systems of pea (Pisum sativum L.), the effect of the 10-day-old (post anthesis) fruit (sink) on the translocation of 14C-sucrose applied to the stipule (source) was investigated. We also examined the influence of various growth regulators on the source-sink relationships using this system. Indole-3-yl-acetic acid (100 or 200 ppm), gibberellic acid (25-100 ppm) increased 14C-sucrose translocation into the growing fruit by about 13% and 22–29%, respectively. 2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid, 6-benzyladenine and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid also increased 14C-sucrose translocation into the fruit by about 11–26%, 11–23% and 24–37%, respectively. Elevated fruit 14C-sucrose levels found in other treatments include, methyl-2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylate (300 or 1000 ppm), 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (100 and 300 ppm) and butanedioic acid mono-(2,2-dimethylhydrazide) (30-300 ppm) by about 34%, 39–52% and 7–13%, respectively.
TL;DR: The activities of α-mannosidase (isoenzyme 1) from pea cotyledons is inhibited by the indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine with an apparent K(i) of 1.37 \sx 10(-7) M.
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