Showing papers on "Sativum published in 1987"

Seasonal Patterns of Growth and Nitrogen Fixation in Field-Grown Pea

Abstract: The seasonal patterns of growth and symbiotic N2 fixation under field conditions were studied by growth analysis and use of15N-labelled fertilizer in a determinate pea cultivar (Pisum sativum L.) grown for harvest at the dry seed stage.

Nodulation and nitrogen fixation mutants of pea, Pisum sativum.

Abstract: The 36 mutants which did not nodulate and 24 mutants which formed inefficient nodules with no or very low acetylene reduction activity were isolated among 86,000 M2-seedlings of ‘Finale’ pea, Pisum sativum L., after treatment with chemical mutagens. One mutant was found for approximately every 50 chlorophyll mutants. Most mutations were induced by ethyl methanesulfonate; some by diethyl sulfate, ethyl nitrosourea and acidified sodium azide. Putative mutants were selected as nitrogen deficient plants, yellowing from the bottom and up, when M2 seedlings were grown in sand with a Rhizobium mixture and PK fertilizer. The mutants were verified in the M3 generation by acetylene reduction assay on intact plants.

Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in pea (Pisum sativum L.).

Abstract: Whole plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis was obtained in pea (Pisum sativum L.) using explants from immature embryos or shoot apex segments. The induction of somatic embryos required picloram or 2,4-D. Germination of fully-developed embryos was accomplished by subculture on medium with only cytokinin and then on medium supplemented with cytokinins in combination with a reduced auxin concentration. Plantlets obtained from both zygotic embryos and shoot apices were transferred to soil and were grown to maturity. Nine plants were examined cytologically, revealing three tetraploids (2n=4x=28) and six diploids (2n=2x=14).

Effects of simulated acid rain on production, morphology and composition of epicuticular wax and on cuticular membrane development

Abstract: Summary Leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L., Vicia faba L., Pisum sativum L. and Brassica napus L. were exposed to simulated rain from emergence to full expansion at seven pHs between 5.6 and 2.6, applied at 2 mm h−1 in amounts and at intervals representative of ambient rain in southwestern England. Leaf expansion was unaffected by rain pH greater than 30 in V. faba, and pH 2–6 in the other species. Macroscopic foliar injury was induced at pH 3.4 in non-wettable leaves of P. sativum and B. napus which had relatively large deposits of crystalline epicuticular wax, and at pH 3.0 in wettable leaves of P. vulgaris and V. faba which had small deposits of amorphous wax. Foliar injury was greatest in species with crystalline wax. Wax production was affected by simulated acid rain in all species and was often accompanied by changes in wax composition. Wax quantity was reduced on leaves of P. vulgaris exposed to rain at pH 4.6, while wax on leaves of P. sativum and B. napus had increased numbers of smaller plates and tubes, respectively, per unit area at pH 4.6. Leaves of B. napus, stripped of crystalline epicuticular wax at about 20% full expansion, regenerated less wax at pH 3.4 than at pH 5.6. The thickness of the cuticular membranes in leaves of P. vulgaris, V faba and P. sativum exposed to simulated acid rain at pH 4.2 decreased by 28 to 35 % compared with those exposed to pH 5.6 rain. Membrane ultrastructure was also altered in leaves of P. vulgaris. Taken together, these changes could have important consequences for leaf wettability, rainfall retention, foliar uptake of chemicals and host-parasite interactions.

Calendula and Coriandrum – New Potential Oilcrops for Industrial Uses

Abstract: In a two years' field test Calendula officinalis and Coriandrum sativum were shown to be promising candidates for new crops for industrial oil productions. In Calendula seed oil the main fatty acid is calendic acid containing three conjugated double bonds. The mean oil content is 19.4%, and 62.8% of all fatty acids are calendic acid. Seed yield potential of C. officinalis proved to be excellent, but seed shedding is a major problem. Within the species a wide variation was established for genetic differences in, e.g. date of flowering, flower heads per plant, ray and disk flowers and different achene types. For sowing and harvest common farm machinery can be used. In Coriandrum sativum the main fatty acid is petroselinic acid, an isomer of the oleic acid. The agronomic potential of C. sativum appeared to be very good and no special breeding efforts are necessary to initiate first productions. The oil content was 17.1%, and 82% of all fatty acids consisted of oleic and petroselinic acid. In a 2 ha field trial with C. sativum the seed yield was as high as 25 dt/ha. Further breeding work should be directed to increase the oil content of the fruit and to possibly improve disease resistance. Ringelblume und Koriander – mogliche neue Olpflanzen fur industrielle Verwendungen In einem zweijahrigen Feldversuch erwiesen sich Calendula officinalis und Coriandrum sativum als aussichtsreiche Pflanzenarten fur die Erzeugung industriell genutzter Ole. Im Calendula-Samenol ist die Calendulasaure die Hauptfettsaure; sie besitzt 3 konjugierte Doppelbindungen. Der mittlere Olgehalt der Samen liegt bei 19.4% und 62.8% aller Fettsauren sind Calendulasaure. Der potentielle Samenertrag von C. officinalis lag bemerkenswert hoch, aber ein groses Problem ist ein vorzeitiger Samenausfall. Innerhalb der Art konnten grose genetische Unterschiede, z. B. im Bluhdatum, der Anzahl Blutenkopfchen/Pflanze, der Scheiben- und Strahlenbluten und der verschiedenen Achanenformen festgestellt werden. Aussaat und Ernte konnen mit den ublichen landwirtschaftlichen Maschinen ausgefuhrt werden. Bei Coriandrum sativum ist die Hauptfettsaure Petroselinsaure, ein Isomer der Olsaure. Auch bei C. sativum ist die landwirtschaftliche Leistungsfahigkeit sehr hoch, und zuchterische Verbesserungen sind fur den Beginn einer landwirtschaftlichen Erzeugung nicht Voraussetzung. Der Olgehalt lag im Mittel bei 17.1%, und 82% aller Fettsauren waren Ol-bzw. Petroselinsaure. In einem 2 ha-Anbauversuch erreichte der Samenertrag von C. sativum 25 dt/ha. Ziele zukunftiger Zuchtarbeiten sollten ein hoherer Olgehalt der Frucht und eine verbesserte Krankheitsresistenz sein.

Isolation of root hairs from seedlings of Pisum sativum. Identification of root hair specific proteins by in situ labeling

Abstract: A procedure was developed which allows the large-scale isolation of root hairs from seedlings of Pisum sativum. L. cvs. Kleine Rheinlanderin and Rosa Krone. The method may yield up to 50 g fresh weight of root hairs per 3.104 seedlings. In a modified form considerable amounts of root hair material may be harvested, even after incubation of the roots in aqueous solutions. Thus, detailed biochemical studies on the root hair system have become feasible. The occurrence of specific proteins in membrane fractions of P. sativum root hairs was demonstrated as follows: Incubation of root hairs in situ with 3-azidonaphthalene-2,7-disulfonate – a strongly anionic, photoactivated fluorescent marker – followed by gel electrophoresis of membrane fractions showed the presence of root-hair specific proteins which, since the system was intact, suggests that they are on the outer surface of the cells.

Regeneration of pea (Pisum sativum L.) plantlets by in vitro culture of immature embryos

Abstract: Plant regeneration was achieved from immature embryo-derived, calli of Pisum sativum. Embryo axes were separated from cotyledons and cultured on different media containing BAP and NAA until plantlet regeneration. Rooting of the plantlets was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/1 IBA. Frequency of regeneration was shown to be under the influence of the genotype. Histological preparations showed de novo origin of the shoots via organogenesis. Out of 2C regenerated plantlets, 11 were diploids (2n = 14) arid 9 aneusomatic (chromosomal mosaics) with chromosome numbers ranging from 12 to 16.

THE α‐OXIDASE SYSTEM OF YOUNG PEA LEAVES (Pisum sativum) AS GENERATOR OF ELECTRONICALLY EXCITED STATES. EXCITATION IN THE DARK UNDER NATURAL CONDITIONS

Abstract: . The aerobic oxidation of saturated long chain fatty acids to the lower aldehyde and CO2 catalyzed by the α-oxidase system of young leaves from germinating Pisum sativum results in concomitant excitation of the chloroplasts or/and fractions present in the α-oxidase preparation. The excitation is attested to by both chlorophyll emission and Hill activity. This is the first case of photobiochemistry without light within a natural system.

The influence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on cell cycle Kinetics and Sister-Chromatid Exchange Frequency in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Meristem Cells

Abstract: The effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at low concentrations on cell cycle duration and sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency was studied using meristem root-tip cells ofAllium sativum L. 2,4-D induced a marked prolongation of the cell cycle. At the same time, small but statistically significant increases in SCE frequencies were observed at 5 μM and 15 μM 2,4-D concentrations. The significance of these findings in the evaluation of mutagenic activity of 2,4-D is discussed.

Seasonal radiation interception, dry matter production and yield determination for a semi-leafless pea (Pisum sativum) breeding selection under contrasting field conditions.

Abstract: SUMMARY Radiation interception, dry matter accumulation, flower and pod production and yield were measured for a semi-leafless pea (Pisum sativum) breeding selection (BS3) on three contrasting sites. Differences in soil moisture availability were largely responsible for a three-fold difference in yield between sites. Radiation interception was related to dry matter production by calculating photosynthetic efficiencies. In the absence of lodging, crop canopies converted intercepted radiation into dry matter with constant efficiency (ɛ) throughout the season; under conditions of moisture stress ɛ was reduced. Serious lodging during the post-flowering period on one site resulted in a mean seasonal photosynthetic efficiency (ɛ) 17% lower than ɛ. The ability of the pea crop canopy to intercept radiation was related also to yield components.

The Cytological Status of Plants Regenerated from Shoot-Meristem Culture of Pisum sativum L

Abstract: The cytological status of plantlets regenerated from shoot apical meristems of Pisum sativum was investigated. Chromosome counts in root apices of in vitro regenerated plants showed a preponderance of diploid cells. Moreover, the karyotypes of root-tips from plants derived from culture and from normal plants were basically the same. Topics such as the treatment of chromosomal armlength data, simple statistical comparison of samples derived from normal and regenerated plants are discussed.

Phytochrome involvement in stomatal movement in Pisum sativum, vicia faba and Pelargonium sp.

Abstract: Red and blue light triggered the opening of isolated stomata of Pisum sativum L. cv. Peleg Alvador, Vicia faba L. (unknown cultivar) and Pelargonium sp. The stimulatory effect of short irradiation with red or blue light was reversed by a subsequent short irradiation with far-red light. In Pisum the stimulatory effect of a continuous irradiation with red or blue light was also abolished by a concomitant far-red light. In leaf pieces of P. sativum blue light was more effective than red, but not in isolated guard cells. In the presence of mesophyll, DCMU inhibited stomatal opening in red light more than in blue, and thus increased the relative response to blue light. This was less evident in isolated guard cells.