Showing papers on "Sativum published in 1991"
TL;DR: The proportions of total plant N derived from N 2 fixation in four grain legume crops, faba beans, chickpea, lentil, and pea, were estimated in three field experiments conducted for two seasons in Syria and one season in France.
Abstract: Understanding the magnitude of N 2 fixation and export of plant N, particularly in the harvested grain and straw, is necessary to assess the potential for grain legumes to contribute to long-term agricultural production stability. The proportions of total plant N derived from N 2 fixation in four grain legume crops, faba beans (Vicia faba L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), lentil (Lens culinaris L.), and pea (Pisum sativum L.) were estimated in three field experiments conducted for two seasons in Syria (Vertic Chromoxeralf soil) and one season in France (Calcaric Cambisol) (...)
124 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The effect of serial dilutions of crude garlic extract on adult Hymenolepis nana was studied and Allium sativum was found to be efficient, safe and shortens the duration of treatment.
Abstract: The effect of serial dilutions of crude garlic (Allium sativum) extract on adult Hymenolepis nana was studied to detect the minimal lethal concentration which was found to be 1/20. A. sativum was tried in the treatment of 10 children infected with H. nana and 26 infected with G. lamblia as 5 ml crude extract in 100 ml water in 2 doses per day, or commercial preparation (0.6 mg capsules) 2 capsules twice/day for 3 days. A sativum was found to be efficient, safe and shortens the duration of treatment. The possible mode of action of A. sativum and the correlation between the clinical and parasitological findings were discussed.
103 citations
TL;DR: Alkaline phytase activity, with a pH optimum of 8, was recovered from detergent extracts of dormant seeds of nine varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris L, Pisum sativum L, and Medicago sativa, and differed from most seed phytases in its relative insensitivity to inhibition by fluoride.
Abstract: Alkaline phytase activity, with a pH optimum of 8, was recovered from detergent extracts of dormant seeds of nine varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris L, Pisum sativum L var Early Alaska, and Medicago sativa L This alkaline phytase of legume seeds was activated by calcium and differed from most seed phytases in its relative insensitivity to inhibition by fluoride
57 citations
55 citations
TL;DR: Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying a disarmed Tiplasmid and a binary vector containing the ß-glucuronidase reporter gene, were used in cocultivation experiments on pea nodal expiants in order to obtain transgenic shoots.
Abstract: A method for plant regeneration via organogenesis in pea (Pisum sativum) using nodal thin cell layer segments has been developed.
48 citations
27 citations
TL;DR: Two new isocoumarins, coriandrone A and B, were isolated from the aerial parts of Coriandrum sativum together with two known isocOUmarins and their structure was established by spectroscopic means and X-ray analysis.
23 citations
TL;DR: Physiological characters of plants and biochemical constituents like structural carbohydrate and phytate were studied in developing coriander seeds and significant variations were observed in biochemical constituents between varieties and during different stages of seed development.
Abstract: Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) is an important spice crop and is used in Indian diets. Physiological characters of plants and biochemical constituents like structural carbohydrate and phytate were studied in developing coriander (var Narnaul and Panth) seeds. Moisture decreased with advancement of seed development. Neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin levels increased with maturation of seed in both coriander varieties. Significant variations were observed in biochemical constituents between varieties and during different stages of seed development. The presence of phytate did not vary at different stages of seed development. The height of plants varied from 134 to 139 cm with 10 branches. Umbels varied from 89 to 99 with an average of six umbellets. Narnaul seed weight was double that of the variety Panth.
21 citations
TL;DR: The BV of all sorghum diets with spices was higher than that of control diet, however, it was significant only in case of diets combined with red chilli + coriander (1∶1) mix, black pepper + cumin (1€1)Mix, Coriander and cumin.
Abstract: Influence of eight common Indian spices on the protein quality of sorghum and chickpea was studied. Spices used include red chillies (Capsicum annum), black pepper (piper nigrum), coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum) cumin seeds (Cuminum cyminum), garlic (Allium sativum), asafoetida (Ferula foetida), dry ginger (Zingiber officinale) and ajowan (Carum copticum). Addition of spices did not affect protein digestibility (TD) of sorghum. The BV of all sorghum diets with spices was higher than that of control diet. However, it was significant only in case of diets combined with red chilli + coriander (1∶1) mix, black pepper + cumin (1∶1) mix, coriander and cumin. Addition of spices did not have any effect on TD or BV of chickpea diets.
18 citations
TL;DR: A sequential indole-3-acetic acid-zeatin treatment was applied to Pisum sativum hypocotyl explants, resulting in shoot formation from 50% of theExplants, which suggests the shoots to be of de novo origin, which would make the system suitable for transformation experiments.
Abstract: A sequential indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-zeatin treatment was applied to Pisum sativum hypocotyl explants, resulting in shoot formation from 50% of the explants. Shoots were easily rooted and transplantable plants could be obtained in 3 months. The method has been applicable to the 5 cultivars tested. Histological examination of explants suggests the shoots to be of de novo origin, which would make the system suitable for transformation experiments.
16 citations
Journal Article•
01 Jan 1991
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the performance of pre-and post-emergence herbicides on canola, field pea, lupin and faba beans.
Abstract: The grain yield responses of cultivars of canola, field pea, lupin and faba bean to the recommended rates and twice the recommended rates of pre- and post-emergence herbicides were examined in field trials conducted at Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, from 1986 to 1989. Significant (P<0.05) reductions in grain yield of some field pea cultivars resulted from the recommended rate of registered post-emergence herbicides: Cressy Blue (22%), Derrimut (20%) and Dundale (13%) with metribuzin (0.23 kg a.i./ha); Wirrega (26%) with cyanazine (1.0 kg a.i./ha); Wirrega (15%) and Maitland (13%) with methabenzthiazuron (0.6 kg a.i./ha). The canola lines Hyola 30 and BLC 198-82 also had significant reductions in yield (16-19%) from the recommended rate of clopyralid (0.09 kg a.i./ha). There were differences in cultivar (or advanced line) tolerance to other herbicides at twice the recommended rate: clopyralid (0.18 kg a.i./ha) applied post-emergence in canola; diflufenican (0.2 kg a.i./ha) and MCPA (0.75 kg a.i./ha) applied post-emergence in field pea; preemergence treatments of metribuzin (0.46 kg a.i./ha), cyanazine (3.0 kg a.i./ha) and simazine (3.0 kg a,i./ha), and post-emergence treatments of simazine (2.0 kg a.i./ha) and diflufenican (0.2 kg a.i./ha), in lupin. Faba bean cv. Fiord tolerated pre-emergence treatments of terbutryne (2.0 kg a.i./ha), prometryne (3.0 kg a.i./ha) and triallate (1.6 kg a.i./ha), and there was seasonal variation in faba bean tolerance to pre-emergence treatment with cyanazine (3 kg a.i./ha), metribuzin (0.42 kg a.i./ha) and simazine (2.0 kg a.i./ha). The crops tolerated the early post-emergence grass herbicides: clethodim (0.48 kg a.i./ha), diclofop-methyl (1.5 kg a.i./ha), fluazifop-P (0.21 kg a.i./ha), haloxyfop (0.156 kg a.i./ha), quizalofop (0.28 kg a.i./ha), sethoxydim (0.372 kg a.i./ha). Herbicides that were tested in field pea and found to have only marginal selectivity at the recommended rate (even though some cultivars were tolerant) were terbutryne + MCPA (0.4 + 0.15 kg a.i./ha), diuron (0.4 kg a.i./ha) and pyridate (1.35 kg a.i./ha). Pyridate was non-selective in canola, lupin and faba bean. Faba bean tolerance to glyphosate (0.18 kg a.i./ha) was achieved in 1989 if application was delayed from 11 to 15 weeks after sowing.
TL;DR: There was no evidence that target plant densities required to optimise yield should necessarily be higher for semi-leafless cultivars studied than for conventional leafed peas, and flat-topped parabolic/asymptotic yield/density relationships were obtained.
Abstract: SUMMARY
Yield and yield components of three semi-leafless pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars, of contrasting seed type/growth habit, were assessed at target planting densities of 40–140 plants/m2 on nine sites over three years. Flat-topped parabolic/asymptotic yield/density relationships were obtained. The plant density required to maximise (p max) and optimise (p opt) yield differed between cultivars: Helka, small blue, p max 126 plants/m2, p opt 101 plants/m2; Solara, large blue, p max 124 plants/m2, p opt 94 plants/m2; and Countess, white-seeded, p max 104 plants/m2, p opt 71 plants/m2. Near-maximum yields were maintained between 70 and 140 plants/m2 due to the ability of the pea crop to make compensatory increases in the number of pods per plant as density declined. Yield/density responses were influenced by site (e.g. soil type) more than by seasonal factors. The risk of yield reductions occurring at densities below 70 plants/m2 was greater on a mineral soil than on a fertile organic soil. On the basis of agronomic and economic considerations, there was no evidence that target plant densities required to optimise yield should necessarily be higher for semi-leafless cultivars studied than for conventional leafed peas.
01 Sep 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, growth chamber studies were conducted to examine the ability of seven vegetable crops to adjust osmotically in response to water-deficit stress, and the adjustment of leaf and root osmotic potentials were monitored with thermocouple psychrometers.
Abstract: Growth-chamber studies were conducted to examine the ability of seven vegetable crops- Blue Lake beam (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Detroit Dark Red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Burgundy okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) (Moench), Little Marvel pea (Pisum sativum L), California Wonder bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L), New Zealand spinach (Spinacia oleracea L), and Beefsteak tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) - to adjust osmotically in response to water-deficit stress. Water stress was imposed by withholding water for 3 days, and the adjustment of leaf and root osmotic potentials upon relief of the stress and rehydration were monitored with thermocouple psychrometers. Despite similar reductions in leaf water potential and stomatal conductance among the species studied reductions in lead water potential an stomatal conductance among the species, crop-specific differences were observed in leak and root osmotic adjustment. Leaf osmotic adjustment was observed for bean, pepper, and tomato following water-deficit stress. Root osmotic adjustment was significant in bean, okra, pea and tomato. Furthermore, differences in leaf and root osmotic adjustment were also observed among five tomato cultivars. Leaf osmotic adjustment was not associated with the maintenance of leaf growth following water-deficit stress, since leaf expansion of water-stressed bean and pepper, two species capable of osmotic adjustment, was similarmore » to that of spinach, which exhibited no leaf osmotic adjustment.« less
TL;DR: Under the conditions of the experiments, cooking quality and protein concentration of the seed had no marked effect on yield, 1000-seed weight, cooking quantity, protein concentration or food quality of the subsequent crop.
Abstract: Seed lots of field pea (Pisum sativum L.), varying in cooking quality (viscosity of puree) and protein concentration were grown in the field in 1986 and 1987 to determine the effect of those factors on subsequent yield, cooking quality and protein concentration. Under the conditions of the experiments, cooking quality and protein concentration of the seed had no marked effect on yield, 1000-seed weight, cooking quality or protein concentration of the subsequent crop. Key words: Field pea, Pisum sativum L., seed quality, cooking quality, protein concentration, yield
01 Jan 1991
TL;DR: The extent to which growth and development of plants and their organs are correlated with changes in concentrations of endogenous gibberellins (GAs) and changes in the sensitivity of tissues and organs to GAs is incompletely understood as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The extent to which growth and development of plants and their organs are correlated with (a) changes in concentrations of endogenous gibberellins (GAs) and (b) changes in the sensitivity of tissues and organs to GAs is incompletely understood.1–3 Previous work in our laboratories with various cultivars of pea (Pisum sativum L.) has addressed this topic extensively. That research consisted partially of studies of the effects of exogenous GA3 and inhibitors of GA biosynthesis on growth and development. Extensive investigations were performed as well on the biosynthesis of ent-kaurene, the first-formed tetracyclic, diterpenoid precursor in the GA biosynthetic pathway, in cell-free enzyme extracts in relation to certain parameters of growth and development. Reexamination of some of the data from those investigations has enabled the making of some generalizations regarding GA relationships in pea.
TL;DR: Extracts of Pisum sativum were found to oxidize unsaturated fatty acids esterified in complex lipids, in a reaction that appeared similar to lipoxygenase activity as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: A cDNA clone, pCD7, was shown to hybrid-select from developing seeds of Pisum sativum L. an mRNA that translated into a polypeptide of apparent Mr 90 000, which sequence analysis showed to correspond to a member of the 70 000-Mr heat-shock protein (HSP70) gene family.
Abstract: A cDNA clone, pCD7, was shown to hybrid-select from developing seeds of Pisum sativum L. an mRNA that translated into a polypeptide of apparent Mr 90 000. The translation product was observed only in the earliest stages of embryogenesis and was detected at a developmental stage when virtually all the cotyledon cells are mitotic. Sequence analysis of pCD7 showed it to correspond to a member of the 70 000-Mr heat-shock protein (HSP70) gene family. Transcripts corresponding to pCD7 were detected in different P. sativum organs, with roots apparently showing lower levels of pCD7-homologous RNA than other organs. Hybridizations to P. sativum DNA identified polymorphisms in the genomic DNA corresponding to pCD7 and the segregation of these in selected crosses indicated the existence of at least two genetic loci, one of which mapped to an existing linkage group.
01 Jan 1991
TL;DR: Developmental control of iron concentration and ferritin distribution in different organs of pea is discussed, and a transient iron accumulation in the roots, which corresponds to an increase in iron uptake, was observed when young fruits started to develop.
Abstract: Iron concentration and ferritin distribution have been determined in different organs of pea (Pisum sativum) during development under conditions of continuous iron supply from hydroponic cultures. No ferritin was detected in total protein extracts from roots or leaves. However, a transient iron accumulation in the roots, which corresponds to an increase in iron uptake, was observed when young fruits started to develop. Ferritin was detectable in total protein extracts of flowers and pods, and it accumulated in seeds. In seeds, the same relative amount of ferritin was detected in cotyledons and in the embryo axis. In cotyledons, ferritin and iron concentration decrease progressively during the first week of germination. Ferritin in the embryo axis was processed, and disappeared, during germination, within the first 4 days of radicle and epicotyl growth. This degradation of ferritin in vivo was marked by a shortening of a 28 kDa subunit, giving 26.5 and 25 kDa polypeptides, reminiscent of the radical damage occurring in pea seed ferritin during iron exchange in vitro [Laulhere, Laboure & Briat (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 3629-3635]. Developmental control of iron concentration and ferritin distribution in different organs of pea is discussed.
01 Jan 1991
TL;DR: The effect of different concentrations of molybdenum (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 50 μg L−1) on the hatching of eggs of Meloidogyne incognita and nematode infection of pea (Pisum sativum L.) roots nodulated by Rhizobium leguminosarum was investigated at low soil pH as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The effect of different concentrations of molybdenum (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 50 μg L−1) on the hatching of eggs of Meloidogyne incognita and nematode infection of pea (Pisum sativum L.) roots nodulated by Rhizobium leguminosarum was investigated at low soil pH. Inhibition in the emergence of juveniles from eggs of M. incognita was dependent upon the concentration of Mo applied in the form of sodium molybdate. Different concentrations made freshly hatched juveniles sluggish within 48 hours. Mo at the level of 30 μG L−1 was considered optimum as all the characters such as number of nodules, nitrogenase activity of nodules, leghaemoglobin content of nodules, dry weight of shoot, dry weight of root and nitrogen content of shoot were found to be maximum. Higher concentrations of Mo had a detrimental effect on symbiosis. M. incognita reduced all growth characters at all the levels of Mo when compared to uninfected nodulated plants. Nematodes caused less damage to plants at higher concentrations of Mo as reflected by the number of galls/plant and other growth characters.
TL;DR: The results of fruits and seeds remains analysed from Penalosa are presented, showing that cultivated products such as wheat, barley, fieldpeas and horsebeans have been found almost exclusively.
Abstract: In this paper the results of fruits and seeds remains analysed from Penalosa are presented. Cultivated products such as wheat ( Triticum aestivum , L.), barley ( Hordeum vulgare, L.), fieldpeas ( Pisum sativum L.) and horsebeans ( Vicia faba, L.) have been found almost exclusively.
TL;DR: Rhizobium population from Lukavec soil formed nodules, exhibiting a higher H2 evolution, and co-inoculation with the Hup+ strain 128C30 eliminated, to some extent, the effect of soil populations on physiological activity.
Abstract: No significant differences in the acetylene-reducing activity and evolution of H2 and CO2 nodulated roots ofPisum sativum inoculated with soilRhizobium populations from two soils with different acidities (Ruzyně soil 7.6; Lukavec soil 4.9) were observed.Rhizobium population from Lukavec soil formed nodules, exhibiting a higher H2 evolution. Co-inoculation with the Hup+ strain 128C30 (7×107 cells per seedling) eliminated, to some extent, the effect of soil populations on physiological activity.
01 Jan 1991
01 Jan 1991
TL;DR: In many species, fruit tissue weight increases with an increase in the number of well-developed seeds, and in some cases seeds can be removed or killed and replaced by hormones to restore normal fruit development.
Abstract: Fruit and seed development are closely related. In many species, fruit tissue weight increases with an increase in the number of well-developed seeds, and in some cases seeds can be removed or killed and replaced by hormones to restore normal fruit development (e.g., in Pisum sativum 1 and Rosa arvensis 2).
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The maintenance of protein pea and field beancultivars is a part of the breedingscheme of these pulses at CEBECO-ZADEN under conditioned circumstances.
Abstract: The maintenance of protein pea (Pisum sativum)and field bean (Vicia faba)cultivars is a part of the breedingscheme of these pulses at CEBECO-ZADEN As soon as the cultivar is pure breeding a large quantity ofseed is stored under conditioned circumstances
01 Jan 1991
01 Jan 1991
TL;DR: Many studies on the metabolism of gibberellins have been made with cell-free preparations following the elucidation of in vitro GA-biosynthesis pathways in preparations derived from the liquid endosperm of immature Cucurbita maxima seed1–3 and cotyledons of developing pea seed.
Abstract: Many studies on the metabolism of gibberellins (GAs) have been made with cell-free preparations following the elucidation of in vitro GA-biosynthesis pathways in preparations derived from the liquid endosperm of immature Cucurbita maxima seed1–3 and cotyledons of developing pea seed.4 The endogenous GAs in the seeds of several species of the Leguminosae are well characterized,5 and the corresponding metabolic pathways fall into distinct categories. Non-and 13-hydroxylated routes leading to the C19 GAs are features of Pisum sativum 4 whereas in Phaseolus vulgaris 3β-and 13-hydroxylations occur.6 There is information on the properties of the enzymes in P. vulgaris seed responsible for 3β-hydroxylation of GA20 to GA1 as well as 2,3-desaturation of GA20 to GA5 and 2β-hydroxylation of GA20 to GA29 and GA1 to GA8.7 There are also reports on the partial purification and characterization of GA 2β-hydroxylases from P. vulgaris and Pisum sativum seed8,9 and a 3β-hydroxylase catalyzing the conversion of GA20 to GA1 from immature seed of P. vulgaris.10