Showing papers on "Sativum published in 2001"
TL;DR: The major traits of adaptation for grain legume species producing large yields in this short season environment are early flowering, and pod and seed set before the onset of terminal drought, as well as increased early growth for rapid ground cover and improved tolerance to low temperatures.
190 citations
TL;DR: G6PDH specific activity, the first committed step of the pentose phosphate pathway, was negatively associated with shoot growth and proline concentrations, and antioxidant protection factor in pea shoots was also stimulated by AR-10 extracts.
Abstract: A series of dark germination experiments demonstrate the potential of an Agrobacterium rhizogenes-transformed, high cytokinin root extract of anise (Pimpinella anisum), to stimulate phytophenolic and enhance antioxidant activity in pea (Pisum sativum) seedlings. Average shoot weight increased 40–60% after imbibing seeds for 24 h in a 1.5 to 2.0% extract of the anise root clone AR-10. Phenolic concentration was positively correlated with shoot weight, suggesting that the total phenolic content was related to seedling vigor. Antioxidant protection factor in pea shoots was also stimulated by AR-10 extracts. Free proline concentrations were 2–3 times higher in shoots collected from AR-10 treated peas versus controls. However, proline content also increased as shoot weight declined after being subjected to an overdose of AR-10 extract in 25% ethanol. G6PDH specific activity, the first committed step of the pentose phosphate pathway, was negatively associated with shoot growth and proline concentrations.
143 citations
TL;DR: The groupings resulting from the SSR genotyping among the 12 genotypes gave an interesting insight into the possible origin of one recent cultivar.
Abstract: Pisum sativum sequences were retrieved from Genbank/EMBL data-bases and searched for all possible dinucleotide and trinucleotide tandem repeats, One-hundred and seventy-one simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were found among 663 sequences. The different dinucleotide or trinucleotide motifs occurred at varying frequencies, CT/AG was the most frequent dinucleotide, and TCT/AGA the most frequent trinucleotide. Forty-three microsatellite markers were generated from these sequences and used to assess the genetic variability among 12 pea genotypes. Thirty-one were polymorphic among the genotypes and the average number of variants per marker was 3.6 when considering only polymorphic markers. Overall, the number of variants for a given SSR marker was correlated with the length of the SSR but some 12-bp long SSRs showed the same degree of polymorphism as longer ones. The groupings resulting from the SSR genotyping among the 12 genotypes gave an interesting insight into the possible origin of one recent cultivar. Database-derived SSR markers are highly variable. They can provide useful information on the genetic diversity among P. sativum cultivated types.
108 citations
TL;DR: A significant mechanism of arsenate toxicity to Pisum sativum is interference with its mineral nutrient balance and growth of the shoot was more affected than that of the roots, and relatively more arsenic accumulated from the low than the high soil concentrations.
99 citations
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01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: The garden or field pea is cultivated worldwide in temperate climates, but Pisum sativum L. is naturally found in Europe, north-west Asia and extending south to temperate east Africa, while P. fulvum Sibth.
Abstract: The garden or field pea is cultivated worldwide in temperate climates, but Pisum sativum L. is naturally found in Europe, north-west Asia and extending south to temperate east Africa, while P. fulvum Sibth. and Sm. is restricted to the Middle East. The pea has been cultivated for millennia, possibly because of the low levels of toxins in the seed (Liener, 1982) and the relatively high protein content of 25% (Monti 1983). Peas remain today one of the most important temperate pulse, fodder and vegetable crops. Garden peas (P. sativum var. sativum) are produced primarily for human consumption, field peas (P. sativum var. arvense (L.) Poiret) for livestock and traditionally as green manure. The pods are also eaten immature as a vegetable (e.g. mangetout, sugar snap peas or snow peas). In a number of developed countries, a significant proportion of the crop is now harvested in an immature state and frozen to make a convenience food.
96 citations
TL;DR: The durum wheat emerged and survived moderate and severe salinity better than any of the alternative crops, and produced more biomass and grain under moderately saline conditions than produced by the pea and the bean crops, but not the canola.
Abstract: Farmers have requested comparative information on the salt tolerance of the field crops they seek to grow as alternatives to wheat. In response, a study was conducted in the Salt Tolerance Testing Laboratory at Swift Current, SK, to compare the productivity of canola (Brassica napus cv. Cyclone), field pea (Pisum sativum cv. green-seed Radley and cv. yellow-seed Carneval), and pinto dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Othello) crops to that of a durum wheat (Triticum turgidum cv. Kyle) crop grown in saline media. Test solutions were salinized prior to seeding by adding NaCI and CaCl 2 (1:1 by mass) to hydroponic nutrients, resulting in three levels of root-zone salinity: near zero, moderate, and severe [solution electrical conductivities of 1.2 (nutrients only), 11.2, and 24.9 dS m -1 , respectively]. Eight response variables evaluated crop performance: time from seeding to initial emergence, emergence rate, final emergence and survival, plant height, aboveground biomass, grain yield, relative grain yield, and grain yield per plant. The durum wheat emerged and survived moderate and severe salinity better than any of the alternative crops. The wheat crop also produced more biomass and grain under moderately saline conditions than produced by the pea and the bean crops, but not the canola. Under severe salinity, neither the field peas nor the dry bean produced any grain, but the wheat and the canola crops managed to yield 0.4 and 20.1% of their respective productivity in nonsaline rooting media. The combined salt tolerance ranking in ascending order for the crop cultivars grown in both saline rooting media was: Othello = Carneval < Radley < Kyle < Cyclone.
60 citations
TL;DR: The susceptibilities and sensitivities of a wide range of crop, annual pasture, and forage legumes to infection with alfalfa mosaic (AMV) and pea seed-borne mosaic (PSbMV) viruses were determined and the implications to the management of these and other virus diseases are discussed.
Abstract: Field experiments determined the susceptibilities and sensitivities of a wide range of crop, annual pasture, and forage legumes to infection with alfalfa mosaic (AMV) and pea seed-borne mosaic (PSbMV) viruses. Seed harvested from most of the species was tested for virus seed transmission. With AMV, all 23 Cicer arietinum genotypes tested were ranked as highly susceptible, and 9 out of 19 Lens culinaris genotypes as highly susceptible, 8 susceptible, 1 moderately resistant, and 1 resistant. Genotypes of Vicia narbonensis (5), Lathyrus cicera (5), L. sativus (5), L. ochrus (2), V. sativa (1), and V. benghalensis (1) were highly susceptible, susceptible, or moderately resistant. Genotypes of Pisum sativum (5) and V. faba (3) were susceptible, moderately resistant, or resistant but 1 genotype of V. faba was not found infected. Sensitivities ranged from low in L. ochrus to high in some genotypes of most species tested except V. benghalensis. The 20 genotypes (19 species) of pasture and forage legumes ranged from 'not found infected' in Hedysarum coronarium to 'highly susceptible' in Ornithopus sativus and Trifolium resupinatum. Sensitivity varied from low in T. michelianum to very high in Biserrula pelecinus and Ornithopus sativus. With PSbMV, the genotypes of P. sativum (17), V. narbonensis (5), and L. cicera (3) were ranked as highly susceptible, susceptible, or moderately resistant, while those of L. ochrus (3), V. faba (6), V. sativa (3), V. benghalensis (2) and V. ervilia (1) were either moderately resistant or resistant. The genotypes of C. arietinum (6) and Lens culinaris (6) were all resistant. With L. sativus, 2 genotypes were resistant and 1 was not found infected. Sensitivities ranged from low in some P. sativum genotypes to high in some of L. cicera and V. narbonensis. The seed coats of 9 crop legume species developed necrotic ring markings, a serious quality defect due to PSbMV infection. Of the 19 genotypes (1/species) of pasture and forage legumes, 4 were resistant with only symptomless infection developing and the remainder not found infected. In glasshouse inoculations to genotypes not found infected in the field, AMV infected V. faba cv. Ascot systemically but H. coronarium cv. Grimaldi (with AMV) and L. sativus BIO L254 (with PSbMV) only became infected in inoculated leaves, H. coronarium developing a localised hypersensitive reaction. Seed transmission of AMV was detected in L. cicera (2%), L. sativus (0.9-4%), V. benghalensis (0.9%), V. narbonensis (0.1%), and V. sativa (0.7%). It was also found in 15 pasture and forage legume species, ranging from 0.05% in T. michelianum to 7% in Trigonella balansae. Seed transmission of PSbMV was detected in L. cicera (0.4%), L. clymenum (5%), L. ochrus (0.7%), L. sativus (1%), P sativum (1-18%), V. benghalensis (0.1%), V. faba (2%), and V. sativa (0.3%). The implications of these findings and their importance to the management of these and other virus diseases are discussed. Additional keywords: grain legumes, pulses, disease, cucumber mosaic virus, bean yellow mosaic virus, symptomatology, vulnerability, seed-borne, seed quality, losses, risk assessment, virus risk zone, persistence. L.a A. L.a. A 5 AMn n cr rl
49 citations
TL;DR: Coated seeds significantly outperformed standard seed-inoculated seeds in nodulation and crop yield in acid soils and Canadian standards, which require that 105 nodulating rhizobia be delivered per seed for large-seed legumes like peas, may need to be increased.
Abstract: Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted with field peas (Pisum sativum, L.) in soils of pH 4.4 to 6.8 to determine the best rate of inoculation with rhizobium and to evaluate pre-inoculated...
34 citations
TL;DR: The laboratory dual-choice and no-choice tests and the glasshouse bioassays are complementary and fulfill the requirement for a reliable screening method to identify the resistance status of P. fulvum accessions for pea weevil resistance.
32 citations
TL;DR: The high susceptibility and sensitivity to CMV of some alternative crop, annual pasture, and forage legumes is cause for concern, especially when they are intended for sowing in CMV-prone high rainfall zones.
Abstract: Seven field experiments were done in 1994-98 to determine the relative susceptibilities and sensitivities of a wide range of alternative crop, annual pasture, and forage legumes to infection with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Seed harvested from some species was tested for seed transmission of the virus. Most of the 24 genotypes of Cicer arietinum and 39 of Lens culinaris tested in 2 replicated field experiments were ranked as highly susceptible or susceptible; moderate resistance was recorded in 8 Lens culinaris genotypes, the most resistant of which was ILL7163, and in C. arietinum cv. Amethyst Mutant. Sensitivity varied from low to high in different Lens culinaris genotypes, whereas in C. arietinum they were all sensitive or highly sensitive. In 4 other experiments, 12 species (49 genotypes) of other crop legumes were ranked as follows: Vicia narbonensis susceptible to moderately resistant, V. ervilia susceptible, Pisum sativum resistant, and V. faba resistant to potentially highly resistant; Lathyrus cicera, L. clymenum, L. ochrus, L. sativus, L. tingitanus, V. benghalensis, V. monantha, and V. sativa were not infected. V. ervilia and V. faba were very sensitive to infection, but V. narbonensis had intermediate sensitivity and P. sativum was tolerant. When single genotypes of each of 16 pasture and forage species were tested in 2 replicated field experiments, 1 was highly susceptible, 3 were susceptible, 9 moderately resistant, 2 resistant, and 1 was potentially highly resistant. The 4 most susceptible were the sensitive species Trifolium incarnatum and T. isthmocarpum and the intermediately sensitive species T. michelianum and T. vesiculosum. T. squarrosum (intermediate sensitivity) and T. spumosum (very sensitive) were resistant and Ornithopus sativus was not infected. In sap inoculations, L. ochrus, L. sativus, and P. sativum occasionally became infected. In aphid inoculations, Lens culinaris ILL7163 and V. faba became infected only rarely and V. benghalensis cv. Popany developed a systemic hypersensitive reaction. The following were not infected in the field or glasshouse: L. cicera ATC80521, L. clymenum C7022, O. sativus cv. Cadiz, and V. sativa cv. Languedoc. Seed transmission of CMV was detected for the first time in one crop species, V. narbonensis (0.1-0.8%), and confirmed in C. arietinum (0.2-0.3%) and Lens culinaris (0.3%). It was also detected in T. cherleri (0.05%), T. clypeatum (0.05%), T. dasyurum (0.1%), T. incarnatum (5%), T. purpureum (0.04%), T. spumosum (0.5%), T. squarrosum (0.1%), and T. vesiculosum (1%), but not in 8 other pasture or forage species. The high susceptibility and sensitivity to CMV of some alternative crop, annual pasture, and forage legumes is cause for concern, especially when they are intended for sowing in CMV-prone high rainfall zones. Infection of seed stocks with CMV is also of concern as it leads to inadvertent introductions of the virus.
25 citations
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: Grass pea consumption leads to neurolathyrism and a safer use of this environmentally adaptable crop needs cultivars with decreased neurotoxin levels, and in vitro selection and gene transfer may provide grass peas better adapted for consumption.
Abstract: Introduction Grass pea consumption leads to neurolathyrism and a safer use of this environmentally adaptable crop needs cultivars with decreased neurotoxin levels. Were they cross-compatible, grass peas would be useful genetic resources for disease resistance breeding of peas (Pisum sativum L.). In vitro selection (9) and gene transfer may provide grass peas better adapted for consumption, while interesting Lathyrus traits could be introduced into pea by somatic hybridisation (2, .
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TL;DR: In this paper, the SDS-PAGE banding pattern of Pisum sativum seedlings extracted in trisglycine and tris-HCl showed that lower concentration of NaCl increased the number of protein bands, while the higher concentration decreased these protein bands.
Abstract: Activity of endogenous auxins and growth inhibitors, gibberellins and cytokinins was observed in the extracts of seedlings of Pisum sativum under NaCl stress. After 6 days of germination, when Pisum sativum seedlings were subjected to low concentration of NaCl (50 mM) or boron (10 ppm) increased the endogenous growth regulating substances. Higher concentration of NaCl (150 mM) decreased endogenous level of growth regulators, length of the root and shoot, and fresh and dry weights of seedlings, whereas boron increased the parameters except endogenous growth regulators. Mitotic index and some abnormalities were observed in the treated plants. SDS-PAGE banding pattern of Pisum sativum seedlings extracted in tris-glycine and tris-HCl showed that lower concentration of NaCl increased the number of protein bands, while the higher concentration decreased these protein bands. Combination of boron and NaCl (150 mM) caused an increase in total number of protein bands compared with the total number of bands recorded by using NaCl (150 mM) alone.
TL;DR: Data from two cell cultures treated with GA3 strongly suggest a link between GA3 and glutathione metabolism in plant tissue, as both are connected to dormancy breakage.
Abstract: Literature data point to a possible link between gibberellic acid (GA3) and glutathione metabolism in plant tissue, as both are connected to dormancy breakage. In order to study the influence of GA3 on glutathione metabolism, we treated an anthocyanin accumulating cell culture of periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) and a shoot differentiated culture of pea (Pisum sativum) with GA3. Glutathione reductase (GR; E.C. 1.6.4.2) activity increased to 135% and 190% of the control in C. roseus and P. sativum, respectively. The level of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) decreased to 60% of the control in the C. roseus culture while no change in GSSG was observed in the P. sativum culture. No changes in the tissue concentration of total glutathione was observed in the cultures after GA3 treatment. Concomitant to the changes in GSSG and GR, an increase in anthocyanin accumulation was observed in the C. roseus culture in association with a strong increase in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL; E.C. 4.3.1.5) activity in response to GA3. These data strongly suggest a link between GA3 and glutathione metabolism.
TL;DR: Four pectinesterase (PE) isozymes were isolated by CM-Sepharose CL-6B chromatography from etiolated pea (Pisum sativum L.) sprouts and reacted with citrus pectin to observe the change in pectIn particle size using a laser particle size analyzer.
Abstract: Four pectinesterase (PE) isozymes were isolated by CM-Sepharose CL-6B chromatography from etiolated pea (Pisum sativum L.) sprouts and then reacted with citrus pectin (degree of esterification = 68%, 30−100 kDa) to observe the change in pectin particle size using a laser particle size analyzer. After incubation of a pectin−PE mixture (pH 6.5) at 30 °C for 4 h, PE 1 was observed to catalyze the transacylation reaction most remarkably, increasing the particle size from ∼50−70 to ∼250−350 nm, followed by PE 3, PE 2, and PE 4. Keywords: Pectinesterase isozyme; pea (Pisum sativum L.) sprout; transacylation reaction; de-esterification reaction; laser particle size analysis
TL;DR: A mannose- and glucose-binding lectin bearing considerable sequence similarity to other legume lectins was isolated using a simple procedure, from legumes of the sugar snap Pisum sativum var.
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TL;DR: Results indicate that A. sativum was a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent and was also effective towards Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Candida albicans.
Abstract: The antimicrobial activity of Allium sativum was tested on three human pathogenic bacteria viz., Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Yersinia enterocolitica by disc diffusion method. The zone diameters observed were 30, 27 and 23 against 7 x 10 8 cells of S. aureus, S. typhimurium and Y. enterocolitica respectively at corresponding minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of A. sativum. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and MBCs against S. typhimurium, S. aureus and Y. enterocolitica were 7.5, 8, 10 mg mL - 1 and 22.5, 24, 40 mg mL - 1 respectively. Preliminary screening showed that A. sativum was also effective towards Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Candida albicans. These results indicate that A. sativum was a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent.
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TL;DR: The microbicidal activities of these essential oils may be due to the terpenoids present in them, and herb oil showed highest activity against Candida albicans but seed oil have significant activity against Xanthomonas campestris.
Abstract: Objective: To detect the essential oil constituents of herb and seeds of Coriandrum sativum L. and their microbicidal activities against six bacteria and six fungi. Materials and methods: Herb and seed oils of C. sativum were extracted in a Clevenger apparatus. Components were detected by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and the microbicidal activities were analysed by disk diffusion method. Results: Monoterpenoids and phenols were detected from herb oil but only monoterpenoids could be identified in the seed oil. Herb oil showed highest activity against Candida albicans but seed oil have significant activity against Xanthomonas campestris , C. albicans and Colletotrichum musae . Conclusion: The microbicidal activities of these essential oils may be due to the terpenoids present in them.
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TL;DR: The results revealed that ALP was highly significantly reduced in haemolymph of snails that fed on either Allium cepa or A. sativum, causing snail toxicity which may result from alterations in the snails' habitat.
Abstract: Biomphalaria alexandrina were fed on either Allium cepa or A sativum to study their effects on some biochemical parameters such as total proteins, free amino acids and liver enzymes (ALT, ALP and AST) on egg laying activity of the snails The results revealed that ALP was highly significantly reduced in haemolymph of snails that fed on either Allium cepa or A sativum Also, ALT and AST were highly significantly reduced in haemolymph of snails that were fed on A cepa while those fed on A sativum showed no change in ALT activity and a high significant increase in AST activity Total proteins were significantly decreased in haemolymph of all treated snails whereas variations in free amino acids contents were also observed The reproductive activity of snails fed on either Allium cepa or A sativum was highly affected In addition, growth rate of newly hatched snails fed on either A cepa or A sativum was affected Exposure of snails to water containing either A cepa or A sativum caused snail toxicity which may result from alterations in the snails' habitat
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TL;DR: Despite reasonable yield potentials, agronomic adaptation problems mitigate against the local production of all common feed grain legumes in the near future.
Abstract: Newfoundland livestock farmers import all feed grain legumes. Our objective was to compare field pea (Pisum sativum L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] nodule formation, plant growth, grain an...
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TL;DR: The ability of Rs to colonize and survive on different plant roots as rhizobacteria was showed, and pea was a non-susceptible host for Rs, except for one pathogenic isolate.
Abstract: Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is considered the main plant disease of bacterial origin in the world, where hundreds of plant species in more than 50 botanical families are host plants Root colonization of lettuce (Lactuca sativa), rice (Oryza sativa), spring onion (Allium fistulosum), pea (Pisum sativum), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), and soybean (Glycine max) by six isolates of Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs) biovars 1, 2 and 3 was evaluated under greenhouse conditions Bacterial strains resistant to streptomycin, rifampicin and chloranfenicol were used Root colonization was evaluated 45 days after inoculation by counting bacteria in root extracts of culture media with antibiotics Pea plants hosted all six isolates, but only the isolate biovar 3 was pathogenic to this species High populations of four isolates of the three biovars were found on soybean, and cucumber hosted high population of only two isolates (biovars 1 and 3) Pea was a non-susceptible host for Rs, except for one pathogenic isolate Rice hosted very low populations of all isolates, while lettuce and spring onion did not host any isolates These results showed the ability of Rs to colonize and survive on different plant roots as rhizobacteria
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TL;DR: A highly embryogenic callus was obtained from hypocotyl segments of Coriandrum sativum L. when cultured in the medium consisting of MS + H vitamins (MSH) and plantlets developed were transferred to soil and were successfully flowered.
Abstract: A highly embryogenic callus was obtained from hypocotyl segments of Coriandrum sativum L. when cultured in the medium consisting of MS + H vitamins (MSH). Induction of somatic embryos required 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or napthalene acetic acid. Germination of fully developed embryos was accomplished by subculture on half strength MSH medium containing benzylamino purine 0.05 mg/L. Plantlets developed from somatic embryos were transferred to soil and were successfully flowered.
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TL;DR: The intention is to evaluate vegetable extracts as interferenrs on the vector activity of the mites in the inoculation of leprosis citrus virus, working as repelents to the mite.
Abstract: Leprosis is the main virus of paulista citriculture, affecting leaves, branchs and citric fruits. The disease control is effected with mitecide use, targeting the mite vector Brevipalpus phoenicis, representing to the Country an important portion of the expenses with defensives. In this work, the intention is to evaluate vegetable extracts as interferenrs on the vector activity of the mites in the inoculation of leprosis citrus virus. One year-old seedlings of Pera' orange, under field conditions, were pulverized with seventeen vegetable extracts and two hours later, twenty mites from viruliferous colonies were removed in each seedling. The tests were done by counting the number of lesions in the section. The vegetable extracts were used in dilution 1:10, and those that showed efficiency over 50%, were evaluated again in different dilutions. The vegetable extracts were efficient: Luffa cylindrica (88,71%), bulb of Allium sativum (87,84), Hedera helix (79,15%) and Datura metel (71,33%). It was also examined in the dilution experiments of 1:10, 1:20, 1:40 and 1:80 with the vegetable extracts, that: L. cylindrica, A. sativum and H. helix can be used in the dilution 1:10 e 1:20 and D. metel, only 1:10. As for the action of the substances, A. sativum acted as feed reppelent, L. cylindrica, H. helix and D. metel acted as interferenrs on inoculation of the virus by the mite, working as repelents to the mites.