Showing papers on "Sativum published in 2002"

Mycorrhization of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) to enhance the concentration and quality of essential oil

Abstract: The effect of association of two vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi, Glomus macrocarpum and G fasciculatum, on the concentration and composition of essential oil in coriander (Coriandrum sativum) was studied. VAM inoculation increased the essential oil concentration in fruits by as much as 43%. Although significant variation in effectiveness of the two fungal species was observed, the quality of essential oil was significantly enhanced on mycorrhization. GC characterisation of essential oil showed increased concentration of geraniol and linalool in plants inoculated with G macrocarpum and G fasciculatum respectively. Les champignons mycorhizaux (Zygomicetes ou glomales) sont des biofertilisants potentiels et constituent une alternative respectueuse de l'environnement et moins cheres que les fertilisants chimiques. Cette etude evalue l'effet d'une association de 2 fungi mycorhizaux vesiculaires, Glomus macrocarpum et G. fasciculatum, sur la concentration et la composition de l'huile essentielle de coriandre (Coriandrum sativum L). L'inoculation augmente la concentration en huile essentielle dans les fruits de 43%. La qualite du produit est aussi amelioree significativement par la mycorhization.

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria-mediated induction of phenolics in pea ( Pisum sativum) after infection with Erysiphe pisi.

Abstract: Qualitative and quantitative estimation of phenolic compounds was done through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in different parts of pea (Pisum sativum) after treatment with two plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), viz., Pseudomonas fluorescens (strain Pf4) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (referred to here as Pag) and infection by Erysiphe pisi. The phenolic compounds detected were tannic, gallic, ferulic, and cinnamic acids on the basis of their retention time in HPLC. In all the treated plants, synthesis of phenolic compounds was enhanced. The induction of gallic, ferulic, and cinnamic acids was manyfold more than those in the control. Maximum accumulation of phenolic compounds was observed in plants raised from PGPR-treated seeds and infection with E. pisi. Under pathogenic stress, Pag performed better because a relatively higher amount of phenolics was induced compared with plants treated with Pf4.

Diversity analysis and genotyping in Pisum with sequence tagged microsatellite site (STMS) primers

Abstract: Pisum sativum specific sequence tagged microsatellite site primers were used to amplify genomic profiles from 15accessions of P. sativum L. that represented the genetic base of the Australian field pea-breeding program and five accessions of the wild related species P. fulvum. The STMS primers were used to assess genetic relationships among the Pisum accessions in two ways. Firstly, to produce RAPD-like multiple banding marker profiles using an adapted RAMS method, for intra- and interspecific diversity analysis. From the 14 flanking primer pairs assessed, 133 markers were obtained. Conservation and reproducibility of markers among individuals within accessions was demonstrated. The largest distance observed among P. sativumaccessions was 22% and among P.fulvum accessions was 40%, similar to that revealed with other PCR-based methods. The maximum distance between P.sativum and P. fulvum accessions was 46%. Phylogenetic clustering of P. sativum accessions, using the neighbour joining method and based on simple matching distances, was distinct and distant to P. fulvum. Secondly, PCR with a higher annealing temperature and fluorescent labeling identified simple and allelic loci markers useful for creating agenotype/fingerprint database for P. sativum cultivars. This is the first report to demonstrate the use of Pisum specific STMS sequences for both diversity analysis and genotype identification.

Biological activity of α-galactoside preparations from Lupinus angustifolius L. and Pisum sativum L. seeds

Abstract: Biological activity tests were performed on alpha-galactoside preparations obtained from Lupinus angustifolius L. cv. Mirela (alkaloid-rich) and Pisum sativum L. cv. Opal seeds. The studies included the following tests: acute toxicity, cytotoxic test, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), plaque-forming cell number (IgM-PFC), and influence on the growth of bifidobacteria and coliform presence in rat colon. Results of these studies showed that alpha-galactosides from lupin and pea seeds were essentially nontoxic. Their acute toxicity (LD(50)) in mice was >4000 mg kg(-1) of body weight. alpha-galactoside preparations were not cytotoxic for mouse thymocytes in vitro. The in vitro test shows that oligosaccharides from lupin and pea are utilized by selected beneficial colon bacterium strains. The in vivo experiment demonstrated that alpha-galactosides from legume significantly influenced the growth of bifidobacteria in rats colon. Simultaneously, the decrease of the coliform presence was observed. The chemical composition of the tested preparations had no significant effect on their biological activity.

Efficiency of mannose-binding plant lectins in controlling a homopteran insect, the red cotton bug

Abstract: Yield losses of different crops due to the attack of various classes of insects are a worldwide problem Sucking type homopteran pests causing damage to many crop species are not controlled by commonly known insecticidal proteins, namely, Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin (Bt) This study describes the purification of mannose-binding lectins from three different monocotyledonous plants (Allium sativum, Colocasia esculenta, and Diffenbachia sequina) and their effects on a homopteran insect, the red cotton bug All of them had a detrimental effect on the growth and development of the insect, where A sativum bulb lectin showed the highest mortality of all, in particular The same bulb lectin not only affected the growth and fecundity of the insect but also imparted drastic changes in the color, weight, and size, even on the second generation of the insects which have been reared on artificial diet supplemented with a sublethal dose of the lectin Thus, this finding opens up a possibility of using this lectin as an important component in crop management

Examination of Pisum and Lathyrus species as sources of ascochyta blight resistance for field pea (Pisum sativum)

Abstract: Ascochyta blight resistance in Pisum sativum (field pea), P. fulvum and Lathyrus species was examined in glasshouse experiments using an isolate of the fungal pathogen Mycosphaerella pinodes that had been isolated from field pea. In the genus Pisum there was significant variation in stem infection among the primitive field pea lines, the field pea cultivars and the P. fulvum lines. Two P. fulvum lines and one primitive field pea line exhibited significantly less stem infection than the two field pea cultivars. Leaf infection of the primitive field pea lines was not significantly different from that of the field pea cultivars. P. fulvum accession PS1115 had the least stem infection and the least leaf infection among the Pisum germplasm. Examination of stem infection in Lathyrus showed that L. sativus, L. ochrus and L. clymenum accessions were significantly more resistant to stem infection than the field pea cultivars. Six of the eight accessions of Lathyrus were also significantly more resistant to leaf infection than the field pea cultivars. Among ten accessions of L. sativus, there was significant variation in severity of stem infection but not leaf infection. This is the first report comparing ascochyta blight resistance between Lathyrus and Pisum species and among Lathyrus accessions and the results show that Lathyrus species may be a source of resistance alleles that could be exploited to develop ascochyta blight resistance in field pea.

Field pea seeding management

Abstract: The impact of seed placement and seeding rate on crop yield is not clearly understood for field pea (Pisum sativum L.). A field experiment was conducted at Melfort, SK, and Lacombe, AB, in 1998 and...

Statistical Analyses on the Essential Oil of Italian Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Fruits of Different Ages and Origins

Abstract: Thirty-one samples of Coriandrum sativum L. fruits, of different origin, year of cultivation (harvest) and crop management systems were subjected to volatile component analysis by combining Head Space Solid Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) with GC/MS. In order to determine the importance of the major sources of volatile variability, some statistical analyses, including Cluster Analysis (CA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), were performed on the obtained data. The compounds, which gave the main contribution to the partition and classification of the original data, were α-pinene, p-cymene, γ-terpinene and linalool. The age of the fruits, which ranged from 1–16 years, seemed to generate rather identifiable effects such as a decreasing trend on α- and γ-terpinene, terpinolene and linalool, and an increase in p-cymene. The same components also seemed to vary depending upon the geographic location of the cultivation. No statistically relevant differences were detected between the biological and c...

Cloning of nodule-specific cDNAs of Galega orientalis.

Abstract: Differential display was applied in order to clone cDNAs expressed exclusively or predominantly in nodules, compared to uninoculated root tissue of Galega orientalis. Forty-five fragments were unique for nodule RNA. These fragments were reamplified and cloned. Six of them produced a nodule-specific signal on Northern hybridization. These six fragments were sequenced. Five of the sequenced fragments showed homology to nodulin-gene sequences in databases, among them Vicia faba mRNA for protein showing partial homology with Medicago sativa nodulin-25 (Nms25), Pisum sativum PsN466, V. faba CCP2 and CCP4, P. sativum ENOD3, and Maackia amurensis ENOD2. The remaining sequence had no significant homology with sequences in the databanks. Full-size cDNA for the homologue to V. faba mRNA for the protein showing partial homology with M. sativa nodulin-25 (Nms25) and P. sativum PsN466 were cloned and sequenced.

Physiological effects of the synthetic growth regulator Thidiazurol (Drop) on gamma-irradiated stress in peas plants (Pissum Sativum L.)

Abstract: Young plants, obtained from the control and gamma-irradiated seeds, were studied in laboratory experiments. The possible protective effect of the synthetic growth regulator Drop, applied after the stress, was studied. The seeds were irradiated with 80 and 100 Gy Co60 and germinated in 5.10-4 M water solution of Drop. 30- day-old plants , obtained from the control, gamma-irradiated and treated seeds, were studied . Biometric parameters, leaf gas-exchange and plastid pigments contents were measured. Under stress conditions, the growth rates of the γ-ray-treated seeds indicated negative effect in plants, recorded by the decrease of the height, fresh and dry masses, in comparison with the control. It was established that +Drop had a modifying effect on gamma-irradiation, which effect was expressed in the growth and in the leaf gas-exchange of the 30-day-old plants.

Foliar diseases of Pisum sativum L. in Poland

Abstract: Influence of weather conditions on downy mildew and Ascochyta blight development on 12 pea genotypes, cultivated in Central Poland was examined in 1990-2000. Plants were somewhat more infected by Peronospora viciae f.sp. pisi than by Ascochyta complex fungi. Standard cultivars were less infected than breeding lines. Two periods of higher (1990, 1991 and 1995-1997) and two of lower (1992-1994 and 1998-2000) disease intensity were noted during 11 years of testing.

CDC Mozart field pea

Abstract: CDC Mozart is a yellow cotyledon field pea (Pisum sativum L. cultivar with semi-leafless growth habit, powdery mildew resistance and good seed yield. It was developed by the Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. It has medium sized round seeds and is acceptable in the yellow pea market. CDC Mozart was issued registration #4500 on 8 October 1999, by the Variety Section, Plant Health and Plant Products Division, Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Key words: Field pea, Pisum sativum L., cultivar description, powdery mildew resistance

Protein and peptide factors from Bacillus sp.739 inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic fungi

Abstract: Thermolabile peptides inhibiting the growth of Helminthosporium sativum, a facultative phytopathogen, have been isolated from the low-molecular-weight fraction of extracellular metabolites of the strain Bacillus sp. 739. Paper chromatography of the fraction, followed by bioautography, revealed the presence of three components exhibiting antifungal activity. These components were separated by gel chromatography on Toyopearl HW-40. SDS-Na-PAGE (the Laemmli procedure) demonstrated that only one component was a protein (MW, ∼14 kDa). The other two substances were polypeptides with molecular weights less than 6 kDa each. The protein factor inhibited the growth of H. sativum with a minimum effective concentration of 0.1 to 0.2 mg/ml.

Host range and population dynamics of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (hubner) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) in cotton agroecosystem of Punjab

Abstract: Spodoptera exigua was recorded from 28 plants belonging to 25 genera of 11 families from cotton areas of Multan and Khanewal. It included 21 crops and 7 weeds. Of these 9 were major and 19 minor hosts. Important hosts were Gossypium hirsutum, Pisum sativum, Solanum tuberosum, Spinacea oleracea, Trifolium alexandrinum, Medicago saliva, Chenopodium album, C. murale and Corchorus trilocularis. These along with some minor hosts play significant role in build up of its population and carry over to cotton. The pest undergoes six to eight generations in a year. It passes winter (November to February) on C. alexandrinum, M. saliva, S. oleracea, S. tuberosum, P. sativum, C. arvensis, C. album and C. morale. From March to May it completed 2-3 generations on C. triluculatis, C. murale, C. arvensis, M. sativa and C. frutescens in addition to some winter hosts. On cotton it appeared at two stages, firstly at seedling stage in June and from September through November feeds on green parts of the plant.

Germination behaviour and field performance of garden pea (Pisum sativum) in relation to seed ageing

Abstract: An experiment was carried out during the winter (rabi) season 2000-2001 with garden pea (PiSWl1 sativum L.s.l.) varieties' Arkel' and 'Bonneville', to assess the effect of ageing on seed quality and productivity. Laboratory germination, speed of germination and vigour were significantly reduced from 97.5 to 87.0%, 21.8 to 15.8 and 1 650 to 1 164, respectively, as the ageing process progressed from 8 to 32 months. Conductivity of seed leachates increased with ageing process (16.7 to 24.3 m Siemens/seed). The field experiment showed no significant reduction in yield and yield-attributing characters up to 32 months of ageing in' Arkel' (1.82 to 1.67 tonnes/ha), while in 'Bonneville' reduction started after 20 months (1.97 to 1.68 tonnes/ha).

Identification of the pea (Pisum sativum L.) genome chromosomes using C-banding analysis.

Abstract: The genomes of many plant species are studied using C-banding. Based on the distribution pattern of heterochromatic regions along chromosomes, it is possible to identify the chromosomes, to detect chromosomal rearrangements, to make chromosome mapping more precise, as well as to assess taxonomic proximity of different species and to determine their phylogenetic relationships [1–3]. An important object of these studies is pea. Based on the analysis of C-banding patterns, we identified all chromosomes in the pea genome in accordance to Blixt’s standard nomenclature. The distribution pattern of the main marker C-bands along all chromosomes is described. Based on the results of C-banding analysis of chromosomes in the karyotypes of the cultivars studied, a generalized ideogram of the pea genome was created. Garden pea ( Pisum sativum L., 2 n = 14) is a classical object of genetic studies. However, despite the significant success in gene mapping, study of pea chromosomes remains a topical problem [4, 5]. The garden pea karyotype has been studied for a long time [6, 7]; however, the distribution patterns of pea chromosomes based on cytological principles did not coincide in the works of different authors. Because of the morphological similarity, the positions of small metacentric chromosomes [6] were at variance. In 1958, Blixt assumed that these discrepancies were due to the fact that the authors who studied the pea karyotype analyzed chromosomes with different extents of coiling. Blixt created a distinct cytological nomenclature that became standard. Later, he brought it in correspondence with the genetic nomenclature and numbered the chromosomes in accordance with the linkage groups [7]. However, the problem of cytological discrimination between chromosomes 1 and 2, which are morphologically very similar, was not solved completely. A high degree of morphological similarity of monochromically stained chromosomes 1 and 2 hampered the attempts to discriminate between them using morphometric approaches [4–9]. The use of fluorescent hybridization of the 5S DNA of the specimens revealed one more difference between chromosomes 1 and 2 but did not help to solve the problem [10]. The attempts to use C-banding of individual pea chromosomes were also made by some authors; however, the karyotype of these chromosomes was not presented, and the differences in these chromosomes were not reported [11, 12]. The specialists in pea genetics, cytogenetics, and molecular biology actively continue mapping chromosomes of this valuable agricultural plant [4, 10, 12]. In view of this, a precise cytological identification of chromosomes 1 and 2 in the pea genome has become a topical problem. The purpose of this study was to identify the pea genome chromosomes with the use of high-resolution C-banding with subsequent computer analysis. The study was performed on the seeds of four garden pea cultivars: grain pea Capital (Sweden), sugar pea Gourmet King (France), zonal cultivar of vegetable pea Viola (Russia), and fodder pea Rosa Crown (Germany). All these cultivars have one or several recessive marker genes that determine a number of traits characteristic of each particular cultivar. In addition, we used two translocation strains, L-108 and M-10. Strain M-10 is a spontaneous mutant segregated from the cultivar Torsdag and differing from this cultivar in earlier efflorescence. The study of chromosomes and somatic cells of this strain showed that they carry a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 2 and 7 [12]. Strain L-108 was kindly provided by Dr. Blixt (Institute of Genetics of Agricultural Plants, Sweden). The chromosomal analysis of this strain showed that it carries a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 2 and 4 [13]. Differential C-banding of pea mitotic chromosomes and study of the high-resolution C-banding patterns using computer analysis were performed as described earlier [2]. GENERAL BIOLOGY