Showing papers on "Sativum published in 2007"
TL;DR: The hydro-alcoholic extract showed better in vitro activity against adult parasites than the aqueous one, and treatment with both doses of Coriandrum sativum did not help the animals improve or maintain their PCV while those treated with albendazole showed significant increase in PCV.
199 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that the composition of peas is highly dependent on the climate conditions, as well as on the soil characteristics of the cultivation area during the growing season.
130 citations
TL;DR: In vitro and in vivo antifungal evaluations were carried out on twenty-one plants selected from fourteen families on a folial pathogen of para rubber, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz).
Abstract: In vitro and in vivo antifungal evaluations were carried out on twenty-one plants selected from fourteen families on a folial pathogen of para rubber, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz). Sac. Extracts of Ocimum basilicum L. and Allium sativum L. exhibited total inhibitory effects on the mycelial growth of C. Gloeosporioides. An evaluation of concentration effects was carried out using four concentrations of five selected plants: A. sativum, Jatropha curcas, O. Basilicum, Vernonia amygdalina and Ageratum conyzoides. A. sativum and O. basilicum totally inhibited conidial germination 24 h after inoculation, and conidial germination in liquid amended media was recorded only in the A. conyzoides amended liquid media. An in vivo evaluation showed that treatment with 100% O. basilicum resulted in disease index (D.I) of 31.7% which was significantly lower than the control 65% D.I at 5% level of probability.
56 citations
TL;DR: Natural extracts increased seed germination and controlled damping off and stem rot diseases in maize seedlings and showed better results than other treatments.
Abstract: Among pathogens causing diseases in Zea mays L., Fusarium proliferatum, disseminated by seeds and grain, causes deterioration, death, damping off, rot of roots, stem, stalk and grains. It is thus imperative to treat seeds and grain to preserve quality. The objective of this work was to test antifungal activity at different levels of Allium sativum L. and Cymbopogon citratus Stapf. extracts for F. proliferatum control on maize seeds and grain, and also to observe the effect of those products on seed germination and disease development and evolution in maize seedlings. The effect of A. sativum and C. citratus extracts was evaluated at levels of 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.5%, 5.0% and 10.0% for eight days, measuring the colonies' diameter. Fungus spores were immersed in extract solution at the levels described above, and were evaluated after 6, 12, 18 and 24 immersion hours for conidia germination. Maize seeds were treated with extract solution and inoculated with F. proliferatum, then evaluated forfungus survival, germination, damping off and stem rot of plantlets. Extracts decreased mycelial growth, spore germination and survival incidence of F. proliferatum on maize grain. Allium extract at 2,5% showed better results than other treatments. Natural extracts increased seed germination and controlled damping off and stem rot diseases in maize seedlings.
55 citations
TL;DR: These wild pea accessions offer diverse resistances that could be introduced to cultivated peas to increase the efficacy of powdery mildew resistance.
Abstract: A collection of 67 accessions of Pisum species originating from different countries was screened in a glasshouse test for resistance to Erysiphe pisi. All Pisum fulvum accessions were completely resistant. Incomplete resistance was identified in some accessions of P. sativum subsp. sativum var. arvense and P. sativum subsp. elatius and abyssinicum. Microscopy revealed several distinct cellular mechanisms governing resistance. In P. fulvum, it was mainly due to a high frequency of cell death that occurred both as a rapid response to attempted infection and a delayed response that followed colony establishment. Cell death following colony establishment was also key to the incomplete resistance in some accessions of P. sativum subsp. sativum var. arvense. In addition, impaired spore germination, and to a lesser extent appressorium formation, contributed to pre-penetration resistance in some accessions. In some cases, resistance also retarded colony growth, possibly through effects on haustorial development or function in cells that survived the attack. Thus, these wild pea accessions offer diverse resistances that could be introduced to cultivated peas to increase the efficacy of powdery mildew resistance.
52 citations
TL;DR: The SGECd(t) mutant represents a novel and unique model to study adaptation of plants to toxic heavy metal concentrations, demonstrating its capability to cope well with increased Cd levels in its tissues.
51 citations
TL;DR: Two of the proteins present in higher amounts in plantlets exposed to cadmium heat-shock, in agreement with literature data, and jasmonate-like inducible protein are related to cellular stress and another two (LEAs or late embryogenesis abundant) are involved in embryogenesis.
49 citations
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44 citations
TL;DR: Foliar application of PGPR strains for the control of powdery mildew of pea is demonstrated in vitro while correlating it with the increased accumulation of plant phenolics.
Abstract: Systemic effect of two plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) strains,viz., Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf4) and P. aeruginosa (Pag), was evaluated on pea (Pisum sativum) against the powdery mildew pathogen Erysiphe pisi. Foliar spray of the two PGPR strains was done on specific nodal leaves of pea and conidial germination of E. pisi was observed on other nodal leaves,distal to the treated ones. Conidial germination was reduced on distant leaves and at the same time,specific as well as total phenolic compounds increased in the leaves distal to those applied with PGPR strains,thereby indicating a positive correlation. The strains induced accumulation of phenolic compounds in pea leaves and the amount increased when such leaves were get inoculated with E. pisi conidia. Between the two strains, Pag was found to be more effective than Pf4 as its effect was more persistent in pea leaves. Foliar application of PGPR strains for the control of powdery mildew of pea is demonstrated in vitro while correlating it with the increased accumulation of plant phenolics.
43 citations
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TL;DR: A greenhouse experiment was conducted to screen 11 local accessions of pea at the germination and seedling stages and cv.
Abstract: In order to improve salt tolerance, it is important to explore inter-cultivar genetic variation for salt tolerance, so a greenhouse experiment was conducted to screen 11 local accessions of pea (Pisum sativum L.) at the germination and seedling stages. Seeds of 11 local pea accessions were grown at five different levels of salinity (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 mM NaCl) for two weeks. Both speed of germination and germination percentage of seeds were severely reduced due to increasing intensity of salt stress. Similarly, growth of all pea accessions examined as fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots declined due to salt stress. However, a great magnitude of variation for salt tolerance was observed in the set of pea accessions in terms of all attributes measured. On the basis of salt tolerant indices, the 11 accessions were categorized into three groups i.e., salt sensitive, moderately salt tolerant and salt tolerant. Although, a substantial amount of genetic variation for salt tolerance existed in the available germplasm of cultivars, the germination percentage or speed of germination were not found effective for screening purpose. Overall, cv. Meteor followed by 9200 was found to be salt tolerant which could perform well on saline soils at least at the early growth stages.
39 citations
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TL;DR: Multivariate analysis (PCA) revealed a high similarity in the essential oils composition between upper leaves and flowers in one hand and basal leaves, roots and stems on the other hand, and an organ-dependant distribution of essential oil compounds was reported.
Abstract: Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from different organs (flowers, leaves, stems and roots) of Tunisian coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) was analyzed. GC and GC-MS analysis enabled us to identify 64 compounds and revealed great qualitative and quantitative differences between the analyzed parts. In all organs, the main compound was (E)-2-dodecenal, followed by (E)-2-tridecenal, gamma-cadinene, (Z)-myroxide, neryl acetate and eugenol. Multivariate analysis (PCA) revealed a high similarity in the essential oils composition between upper leaves and flowers in one hand and basal leaves, roots and stems on the other hand. Further, it has been reported an organ-dependant distribution of essential oil compounds.
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TL;DR: Aerial parts of 27 plant species native to Argentina were tested in anti-insect, germination inhibition and bactericide bio-assays, and 11 species showed strong feeding deterrent effects on Epilachna paenulata larvae.
TL;DR: Protection of mechanically injured Sweet potato tubers from fungal rot with extracts of some indigenous plants namely; Alchornea cordifolia, Annona muricata, Allium sativum, and Gacinia cola and Zingiber officinale was investigated.
Abstract: Protection of mechanically injured Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) tubers from fungal rot with extracts of some indigenous plants namely; Alchornea cordifolia, Annona muricata, Allium sativum. Gacinia cola and Zingiber officinale was investigated. The following fungi; Aspergillus flavus link Ex fr, Aspergillus niger Van Tieghern, Botryodiplodia theobromae (Pat) novel, Fusarium solani Mart Sacc. Desm, Fusarium oxysporum schlecht and Rhizopus stolonifer Ehrenb ex link were isolated from rotted tissues and found to cause rots of sweet potato tubers. The water extracts of these plants suppressed fungal growth in culture and reduced rot development in the tubers when inoculated with the fungi. The highest percentage inhibition of 73.33% was obtained with the use of Z. officinale extract on F. oxysporum while A. sativum extract caused 6.91% inhibition of F. solani. Rot development caused by B. theobromae was reduced by 45.64% with the use of A. cordifolia while Z. officinale gave the highest inhibition of 70.99% on R. stolonifer inoculated tubers.
Key words: Plant extracts, rot fungi, rot inhibition, sweet potatoes.
TL;DR: The feasibility of using double inoculation as a means of increasing the plant productivity is demonstrated, in which the potential of a tripartite symbiotic system (pea plants-root nodule bacteria-arbuscular mycorrhiza) is mobilized.
Abstract: The review sums up the long experience of the authors and other researchers in studying the genetic system of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.), which controls the development of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis and arbuscular mycorrhiza. A justified phenotypic classification of pea mutants is presented. Progress in identifying and cloning symbiotic genes is adequately reflected. The feasibility of using double inoculation as a means of increasing the plant productivity is demonstrated, in which the potential of a tripartite symbiotic system (pea plants-root nodule bacteria-arbuscular mycorrhiza) is mobilized.
TL;DR: Results indicated that Pisum sativum L. cv.
Abstract: The effects of salt stress were studied on growth and physiology of pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Green Arrow) in a pot study. Pea plants were treated with NaCl at 0, 10, 30, 50 and 70 mM in Hoagland solution. Plants were harvested after 21 days for measurements of physiological parameters. The highest NAR and RGR were found in 10 mM NaCl. However, in 70 mM NaCl, RGR and RLGR were significantly decreased in respect of other concentrations of NaCl. In 50 and 70 mM NaCl, chlorophylls contents and photosynthetic rate, were significantly decreased and CO2 compensation concentration and respiration rate increased in comparison with control. In 10 and 30 mM NaCl gas exchanges and chlorophyll contents were not significantly decrease in respect of control. Results indicated that Pisum sativum L. cv. Green Arrow can tolerate to 70 mM NaCl, also growth of plants in 10 and 30 mM NaCl was better than that of those in 0 mM NaCl.
TL;DR: Ginkgo biloba led to the highest reduction in blood viscosity compared with placebo and A. sativum, dry extract of G. biloba proved to be more effective in reducing blood Viscosity.
TL;DR: The results will further the understanding of the natural genetic diversity for disease resistance to M. pinodes in P. sativum and show that additive variance is important and that improvement in resistance can be achieved through breeding.
Abstract: Mycosphaerella blight, caused mainly by Mycosphaerella pinodes (Berk. and Blox.) Vestergren, is the most important foliar disease on field pea (Pisum sativum L.) in western Canada. A quantitative trait analysis of resistance to M. pinodes was undertaken on five crosses with reciprocals of P. sativum to examine broad-sense (H 2 ) and narrow-sense (h 2 ) heritability, minimum number of genes involved (MNG), mid-parent heterosis (MPH), cytoplasmic inheritance, and epistasis. Mean H 2 was 0.75 (range 0.67-0.80) and mean h 2 was 0.59 (range 0.41-0.70), indicating that additive variance is important and that improvement in resistance can be achieved through breeding. Mean MNG was 2.16 genes (range 0.06-6.22), indicating that genes for resistance differed among parent lines. Mean MPH was 50% (range 47-57%), indicating that heterosis did not influence the expression of resistance to M. pinodes. There was no difference between the mean of any F 1 population and its reciprocal, indicating lack of maternal inheritance. The mean of the epistatic points was -0.01 (range -0.1 to 0.12), indicating that epistasis was not important in these crosses. These results will further the understanding of the natural genetic diversity for disease resistance to M. pinodes in P. sativum.
TL;DR: Both additive and dominant effects were important in control of resistance and susceptibility dominated over resistance in the inheritance of resistance to M. pinodes.
Abstract: Mycosphaerella pinodes is one of the most devastating pea pathogens. Pea cultivars with adequate levels of resistance to control the disease are not so far available. However, promising levels of resistance have been identified in wild accessions of pea. In the present investigation the inheritance of resistance to M. pinodes was studied in two crosses between the susceptible pea cv. ‘Ballet’ and the partially wild resistant accessions P665 (Pisum sativum subsp. syriacum) and P42 (P. sativum subsp. sativum var. arvense). Both additive and dominant effects were important in control of resistance and susceptibility dominated over resistance.
TL;DR: It is shown that environmental parameters play a key role in determining the severity of herbicide effects on symbiotic N2 fixation, including reduced photosynthetic capacity of plants exposed to herbicides.
Abstract: Grain legumes grown in low-rainfall (<300 mm per annum) cropping regions of southern Australia have at times failed to provide the rotational benefits observed in other regions, such as improved cereal yields in the season following a legume. 'In-crop' herbicides were identified as one possible factor that may have been negatively affecting the legume-rhizobia symbiosis. To test this hypothesis and identify possible mechanisms behind any observed effects, field trials were conducted at Waikerie (South Australia) in 2001, 2003, and 2004. Field pea (Pisum sativum L.) was grown and treated with one of several herbicides 5 weeks after sowing. Crop yellowing, biomass, nodulation, and nitrogen (N2) fixation were assessed 3 weeks after spraying, and biomass, yield, percent nitrogen derived from fixation (%Ndfa), and N2 fixation (2003, 2004) were assessed at the end of the season. Some herbicides stunted plant growth and caused crop yellowing 3 weeks after application; however, none of the herbicides affected N nutrition of peas. Despite this, in 2003, half of the herbicides assessed reduced the %Ndfa by 34-60% relative to unsprayed control plots. Herbicide effects on the measured parameters followed similar trends over each year of the 3-year study. However, effects were rarely significant in 2004 as the trials were primarily affected by low rainfall, indicating that environmental parameters play a key role in determining the severity of herbicide effects on symbiotic N2 fixation. The possible mechanisms behind herbicide-induced damage to the pea-rhizobium symbiosis are discussed, including reduced photosynthetic capacity of plants exposed to herbicides.
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TL;DR: CDC Meadow has a semileafless leaf type, good lodging resistance, powdery mildew resistance, medium-sized, round seeds, and good yielding ability.
Abstract: CDC Meadow, a yellow cotyledon field pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivar, was released in 2006 by the Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan for distribution to Select seed growers in Saskatchewan and Alberta through the Variety Release Committee of the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers. CDC Meadow has a semileafless leaf type, good lodging resistance, powdery mildew resistance, medium-sized, round seeds, and good yielding ability. CDC Meadow is adapted to the field pea growing regions of western Canada. Key words: Field pea, Pisum sativum L., cultivar description
TL;DR: Overall, it is clearly evident that the single bulb Chinese garlic cultivar is A. sativum and the cultivated forms of A. ampeloprasum (Leek and Great headed garlic) proved to be more differentiated than the wild one.
TL;DR: Bacteria sharing the characteristics of the inoculated isolates were recovered from symptomatic plants, hence fulfilling Koch's postulates, and this is the first report of the bacterium on P. sativum.
Abstract: In 2003, symptoms of generalized chlorosis as well as necrosis in leaves and tendrils were observed in Pisum sativum L. cv Tirabeque grown in green fields in southeastern Spain (Granada Province), and by 2004, the disease affected approximately 12 ha. Bacteria isolated from symptomatic samples were gram negative, rod shaped, motile, oxidase negative, facultatively anaerobic, and fermentative, which coincided with the general characteristics of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The gene encoding the 16S rRNA from two isolates (LPPA 406 and LPPA 408) was sequenced after PCR amplification (1). The two sequences were identical (EMBL Accession No. AM294946 for LPPA 408) and showed 99% similarity with several strains of Erwinia persicina (including the type strain ATCC 35998, LPPA 373, LMG 11254, GS04, and LMG 2691). Additional biochemical tests were performed using E. persicina ATCC 49742 as a control. The three strains were negative for arginine dihydrolase activity, indol production, hydrolysis of casein, and hydrolysis of gelatin. In contrast, they were positive for assimilation of adonitol, l-lactate, mannitol, m-inositol, erythritol, sorbitol, sucrose, nitrate reduction, hydrolysis of aesculin, and growth in 5% NaCl at 36°C. Nevertheless, E. persicina ATTC 49742, but not the isolates from P. sativum, produced a pink pigment. The latter isolates were also tested for pathogenicity. Bacterial suspensions (108 CFU/ml) were spray inoculated on 10 pea seedlings of cv. Tirabeque. Seedlings were covered with transparent plastic bags for 2 days and held in an incubation chamber at 22°C and 80% relative humidity with a 12-h photoperiod. Assays were conducted twice. Symptoms that developed were similar to those originally observed in the field, whereas symptoms did not occur on control seedlings sprayed with sterile distilled water. Bacteria sharing the characteristics of the inoculated isolates were recovered from symptomatic plants, hence fulfilling Koch's postulates. E. persicina has been isolated previously from bean in the United States (3) and southeastern Spain (1) and from tomato, banana, and cucumber in Japan (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the bacterium on P. sativum. References: (1) A. J. Gonzalez et al. Plant Dis. 89:109, 2005. (2) M. V. Hao et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 40:379, 1990. (3) M. L. Schuster et al. Fitopatol. Bras. 6:345, 1990.
TL;DR: The data indicate that each species evolved a particular mode of vicilin proteolysis that best suited its development under the conditions to which it was most favourably adapted.
TL;DR: The most efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated T-DNA transfer was obtained using embryonic segments from mature pea seeds as initial explants, and transient expression of the uidA gene in the tissues after co-cultivation and in the course of short-term shoot cultivation was achieved.
Abstract: Three methods of transformation of pea (Pisum sativum ssp. sativum L. var. medullare) were tested. The most efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated T-DNA transfer was obtained using embryonic segments from mature pea seeds as initial explants. The transformation procedure was based on the transfer of the T-DNA region with the reporter gene uidA and selection gene bar. The expression of β-glucuronidase (GUS) in the regenerated shoots was tested using the histochemical method and the shoots were selected on a medium containing phosphinothricin (PPT). The shoots of putative transformants were rooted and transferred to non-sterile conditions. Transient expression of the uidA gene in the tissues after co-cultivation and in the course of short-term shoot cultivation (confirmed by histochemical analysis of GUS and by RT-PCR of mRNA) was achieved; however, we have not yet succeeded in proving stable incorporation of the transgene in the analysed plants.
01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: The maximum increase in all the yield and yield components was observed in the pea plants treated with SA concentration 10 -4 M over SA 10 -5 M and SA 0 M, and the increase was more pronounced in the plants that received the SA twice at two different stages of development.
Abstract: The effects of 0 M, 10 -5 M and 10 -4 M salicylic acid (SA) applied by three different modes (seed treatment, seed treatment plus foliar spray and foliar spray) in four pea (Pisum sativum L.) varieties viz., Meteor, Climax, Greenfeast and Rondo were evaluated. Among the varieties the highest green pod yield of 5255 Kg ha -1 was obtained in variety Meteor followed by variety Greenfeast (4452 Kg ha -1 ). The maximum increase in all the yield and yield components was observed in the pea plants treated with SA concentration 10 -4 M over SA 10 -5 M and SA 0 M. Moreover the increase in the yield and yield components was more pronounced in the plants that received the SA twice (seed treatment and foliar spray) at two different stages of development.
TL;DR: In this article, the foliar area of pea (Pisum sativum L) was estimated from leaf dimensions, without using destructive methods, allowing evaluation of the factors that affect the growth of crops in an precise manner.
Abstract: The estimation of foliar area of plants from leaf dimensions, without using destructive methods, allows evaluation of the factors that affect the growth of crops in an precise manner and in short time intervals. In order to establish a model to calculate the foliar area of pea (Pisum sativum L.) in high tropical environments typical of the Sabana of Bogota, two 2-ha plots of ‘Santa Isabel’ variety peas were sown in each of two different semesters. In each plot 32 points were marked for sampling and at each point 20 leaves were chosen and all leaflets from each leaf were measured for length and width using image analysis. In one plot evaluations were made at 42 and 62 days after sowing; in the other plot only one evaluation was made at 72 days after sowing. It was established that the area of the pea leaflets and stipules can be efficiently calculated using conventional allometric models (length and width) during the vegetative and reproductive stages of the crop. The area of these organs can also be estimated based solely on the length of the lamina (under the formula, 0.336 L2), a model with only one factor that reduced in half the time of evaluation and was applicable equally to both growth cycles and crop ages.
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