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Showing papers on "Sativum published in 2009"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although salt-induced oxidative stress occurred in all pea cultivars, the response of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive cultivars with respect to the generation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic metabolites measured was not consistent.

176 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The essential oils from leaves and fruits of Coriandrum sativum L. were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) as discussed by the authors, and they contained 44 compounds mostly of aromatic acids containing 2-decenoic acid (30.8%), E-11-tetradecenoic acids (13.4%), capric acid (12.7%), undecyl alcohol (6.4), tridecanoic acid(5.5%), and undecanoic acid 7.1%), as major constituents.
Abstract: The essential oils from leaves and fruits of Coriandrum sativum L. were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The leaf oil contained 44 compounds mostly of aromatic acids containing 2-decenoic acid (30.8%), E-11-tetradecenoic acid (13.4%), capric acid (12.7%), undecyl alcohol (6.4%), tridecanoic acid (5.5%) and undecanoic acid (7.1%) as major constituents. The seed oil contains 53 compounds where the major compounds are linalool (37.7%), geranyl acetate (17.6%) and γ-terpinene (14.4%). The compositions of both oils varied qualitatively and quantitatively. Article Info

128 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present study provides a quantitative basis for explaining the folkloric use of L. sativum as a diuretic agent in Moroccan population by measuring urine volume, sodium and potassium content, conductivity and pH.
Abstract: Purpose : The present study was undertaken to investigate diuretic effect of aqueous and methanol extracts of the dried seeds of Lepidium sativum in normal rats. Method: Aqueous and methanol extracts of L. sativum seeds were administered to experimental rats orally at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg p.o. Hydrochlorothiazide (10 mg/kg) was used as positive control in study. The diuretic effect of the extracts was evaluated by measuring urine volume, sodium and potassium content, conductivity and pH. Result: Urine volume was significantly increased by the two doses of aqueous and methanol extracts in comparison to control group. While the excretion of sodium was also increased by both extracts, potassium excretion was only increased by the aqueous extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg. There was no significant change in the conductivity and pH of urine after administration of the L. sativum extracts. The diuretic effect of the extracts was comparable to that of the reference standard (hydrochlorothiazide) and the methanol had the additional advantage of a potassium-conserving effect. Conclusion : We can conclude that aqueous and methanol extracts of L. sativum produced notable diuretic effect which appeared to be comparable to that produced by the reference diuretic HCTZ. The present study provides a quantitative basis for explaining the folkloric use of L. sativum as a diuretic agent in Moroccan population.

98 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In in vitro tests with bacterial strains at a population density of 10 6 and 10 8 cfu ml �1, vegetal extracts from cloves of A. sativum and F. carica extracts are useful for protecting tomato plants against Pst, Xv and Cmm in the greenhouse.

90 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jun 2009-Toxicon
TL;DR: The data obtained supports the idea that the use of surface water containing MCs for crop irrigation can affect both plant yield and quality, and that MC accumulation in edible plants might pose a potential risk for human and animal health, if the MC intake exceeded the recommended tolerable limits.

85 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The analysis of heavy metals accumulation shows that leaves significantly accumulate cadmium for all the tested concentrations, however, copper was significantly accumulated only with the highest tested dose, which may explain the higher inhibitory effects of Cadmium on photosynthesis and growth in pea plants.
Abstract: The present work aimed to study the physiological e ects of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) in pea (Pisum sativum). Pea plants were exposed to increasing doses of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) and copper chloride (CuCl2) for 20 d. The examined parameters, namely root and shoot lengths, the concentration of photosynthetic pigments and the rate of photosynthesis were a ected by the treatments especially with high metals concentrations. The analysis of heavy metals accumulation shows that leaves significantly accumulate cadmium for all the tested concentrations. However, copper was significantly accumulated only with the highest tested dose. This may explain the higher inhibitory e ects of cadmium on photosynthesis and growth in pea plants. These results are valuable for understanding the biological consequences of heavy metals contamination particularly in soils devoted to organic agriculture.

81 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: Evidence of the phytotoxicity of this metal on the pea (Pisum sativum L. cv Azad) plants is provided and in response to various concentration of Cr exposed plants showed significant induction of reducing and total sugars with enzymes like catalase, starch phosphorylase and ribonuclease.
Abstract: Due to widespread industrial use, chromium (Cr) is considered a hazardous environmental pollutant. It is known to inhibit plant growth and development. The present study provides the evidence of the phytotoxicity of this metal on the pea (Pisum sativum L. cv Azad) plants. The plants of pea (Pisum sativum L.) were grown in refined sand under different concentrations i.e. 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mM of Cr (VI) in order to study the effect on growth and yield, photosynthetic pigments, relative water content, non-reducing sugar and protein with activity of certain enzymes like catalase, peroxidase, starch phosphorylase and ribonuclease. The analysis of the results showed that photosynthetic pigments (68.68%), relative water contents (62.77%), non-reducing sugar (66.66%) and protein (81.57%) were decrease along with reduction in plant height (52.69%) and leaf area (50.81%) of the pea plants. However, in response to various concentration of Cr exposed plants showed significant induction of reducing and total sugars with enzymes like catalase, starch phosphorylase and ribonuclease. The translocation of Cr in various part of pea plant have been found in order of root> stem> leaves>seeds which ranged between 34.8 to 217.3 mg g(-1) d.wt. (dry weight) in roots, 6.5 to 173.13 mg g(-1) d.wt. in shoot, 4.2 to 74.43 mg g(-1) d.wt. in leaves and 0.94 to 8.64 mg g(-1) d.wt. in seeds, that is also reflected by the transfer factor of Cr from refined sand to tested species.

77 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The genetic diversity of P. sativum within China appears to be quite different to that detected in the global gene pool, including the presence of several rare alleles, and may be a useful source of allelic variation for both major gene and quantitative traits.
Abstract: Twenty-one informative microsatellite loci were used to assess and compare the genetic diversity among Pisum genotypes sourced from within and outside China. The Chinese germplasm comprised 1243 P. sativum genotypes from 28 provinces and this was compared to 774 P. sativum genotypes that represented a globally diverse germplasm collection, as well as 103 genotypes from related Pisum species. The Chinese P. sativum germplasm was found to contain genotypes genetically distinct from the global gene pool sourced outside China. The Chinese spring type genotypes were separate from the global gene pool and from the other main Chinese gene pool of winter types. The distinct Chinese spring gene pool comprised genotypes from Inner Mongolia and Sha’anxi provinces, with those from Sha’anxi showing the greatest diversity. The other main gene pool within China included both spring types from other northern provinces and winter types from central and southern China, plus some accessions from Inner Mongolia and Sha’anxi. A core collection of Chinese landraces chosen to represent molecular diversity was compared both to the wider Chinese collection and to a geographically diverse core collection of Chinese landraces. The average gene diversity and allelic richness per locus of both the micro-satellite based core and the wider collection were similar, and greater than the geographically diverse core. The genetic diversity of P. sativum within China appears to be quite different to that detected in the global gene pool, including the presence of several rare alleles, and may be a useful source of allelic variation for both major gene and quantitative traits.

72 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The composition of volatile components of the essential oils extracted from fruits of coriander growing in two different Tunisian regions in both Menzel Temime and Borj El Ifaa was studied by GC and GC–MS.

70 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Among eight vegetables’ Abelmoschus esculentus, Spinacia oleraceae, Praecitrullus fistulosus, Luffa acutangula, Allium sativum, Amaranthus viridus, Chenopodium album and Momordica charantia, the highest micro and macronutrients are found.
Abstract: Karak, an arid region, have limited water and land resources to cultivate various crops specially vegetables. However, a few seasonal vegetable are available to the local communities in meager quantities. The ash, carbohydrate, protein, moisture, fat, fiber contents, energy values and nutrient composition of eight vegetables’ Abelmoschus esculentus, Spinacia oleraceae, Praecitrullus fistulosus, Luffa acutangula, Allium sativum, Amaranthus viridus, Chenopodium album and Momordica charantia were determined. Among these, A. sativum, S. oleraceae and C. album have the highest micro and macronutrients.

67 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A germination stimulant was purified from root exudates of pea and its structure was determined as ent-2'-epi-4a,8a-epoxyorobanchyl acetate, the first natural ent-strigolactone containing an epoxide group.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The enzyme resistant starch fraction of legumes was rendered more digestible by all the domestic cooking methods used, indicating that the seed coat plays a key role in the digestibility of starches in these seeds.


Journal Article
TL;DR: Breeding of soy bean cultivars for reduced amount of antinutritive factors resulted in the development of Kunitz-free soybean cultivars, which are suitable for thermal processing at lower temperatures and during a shorter period of time, saving energy and preserving valuable nutritional composition of soybean grain.
Abstract: Grain legumes, such as soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), lupins (Lupinus spp.), common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.), represent one of the most quality and least expensive solutions for a long-term demand for plant protein in animal husbandry. One of the limitations to an increased use of grain legumes as feed is the presence of diverse compounds in their grain, commonly referred to as anti-nutritional factors, that both decrease nutritive value of grain legumes and, if taken in larger amounts, cause health problems that may be fatal for both human and the animals. By this reason, breeding programmes of all grain legumes is aimed at decreasing the content of anti-nutritional factors to a safe extent. Breeding of soybean cultivars for reduced amount of antinutritive factors resulted in the development of Kunitz-free soybean cultivars, which are suitable for thermal processing at lower temperatures and during a shorter period of time. This is the way of saving energy and preserving valuable nutritional composition of soybean grain. As for other species, the most significant progress has been made in protein pea, where all modern cultivars have either low or very low content of various anti- nutritional factors. Among the improvements are also 'zero-tannin' cultivars in faba bean, with a wide utilization in both animal feeding and bread industry, low- toxin common vetch cultivars, 'sweet' cultivars in lupins and low-ODAP cultivars in grass pea.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Application of ASA and IBA enhanced plant growth as indicated by plant height, number of leaves, fresh and dry weights in both seasons, and were correlated with significant increase in total chlorophylls in leaves, total soluble proteins, praline, phenol,total soluble carbohydrates and sugars in seeds.
Abstract: 1 Abstract: Pots experiment were conducted during the two successive seasons of 2007 and 2008 to investigate the effect of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) at 10 and 20 ppm, indole-3-bytric acid (IBA) at 3 50and 100 PPM and gibberellic acid (GA ) at 50 and 100 PPM on pea (Pisum sativum L.) cv Prgress mog. Growth regulators were applied as foliar spray at 25 and 35 days after sowing. Three samples were taken at 21, 45 and 70days after sowing coinciding with vegetative stage, flowering and harvest respectively. Application of ASA and IBA enhanced plant growth as indicated by plant height, number of leaves, fresh and dry weights in both seasons. Significant increase in 1000 seeds weight and pod parameters (length of pod, pods number / plant, seeds number / pod, pods fresh and dry weights) was 3 recorded by ASA and IBA at harvest comparing with control and GA treated plants. These positive effects of ASA and IBA were correlated with significant increase in total chlorophylls in leaves, total soluble proteins, praline, phenol, total soluble carbohydrates and sugars in seeds. Analysis of endogenous phytohormones in seeds at harvest revealed reduction in ABA concentration and an 33 increase in zeatin riboside and GA concentration in GA treated plants. W hile plants treated with ASA and IBA showed an opposite trend.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Weevil resistance in the Pisum secondary gene pool can be transferred to interspecific progeny, thereby providing a potential avenue to develop weevil-resistant pea cultivars.
Abstract: The pea weevil, Bruchus pisorum (L.), is one of the most intractable pest problems of cultivated pea, Pisum sativum L., in the world. This study investigated the transfer of pea weevil resistance from two accessions (PI 595946, PI 343955) of wild pea, Pisum fulvum Sibth. & Sm., to interspecific populations derived from crossing these accessions with a weevil-susceptible pea cultivar ('Alaska 81'). Partial life tables characterized weevil stage-specific mortality and survivorship on parents and interspecific progeny in two glasshouse trials. Larval mortality rates on pods (F 3 plants) of several F 2:3 families were between 36.0% and 52.9%. These means were statistically similar to mean mortality rates on pods of resistant parents (45.4% and 46.2%), but significantly greater than mean rates on the susceptible parent (1.2% and 10.6%). Pod surface characteristics contributed to high neonate larval mortality on pods of resistant parents and interspecific progeny. Seed resistance was not broadly transferred to interspecific progeny [revealed by high weevil survivorship in seeds (means mostly > 80%) and high seed damage ratings of 3-5 where ratings of 1-2 denote resistance (production of resistant seed averaged 4.2% to 22.8%)]. Estimates of total weevil mortality on pods and seeds of eight F 2:3 families were 50-70%. Thus, weevil resistance in the Pisum secondary gene pool can be transferred to interspecific progeny, thereby providing a potential avenue to develop weevil-resistant pea cultivars.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Comparison of Cluster and stability analyses showed that the stability analysis fails to recommend cultivars to different regions where yield potential showed significant differences, but it seems, however, that Cluster analysis could be a powerful tool to examine G x E interaction.
Abstract: The objectives of this study were to evaluate dry matter (DM) yield and seed yield of six leafed and semi-leafless pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes, and to compare them for these traits. Evaluation of genotype x environment (G x E) interaction, stability and cluster analysis were also carried out at eight diverse locations with typical Mediterranean and Mediterranean-type climate during the 2001-2002 and 2002-2003 growing seasons. Significant differences were found among the pea genotypes for DM and seed yield on individual years and combined over years, and in all locations. All interactions which related to G x E interaction showed significance (P>0.001) for DM and seed yield. The highest yield (4789 kg/ha) was obtained from the leafed genotype 'Urunlu'. However, stability analysis indicated that for DM yield, the leafed genotypes 'Golyazi' and 'Urunlu' should be grown in low yielding and high yielding environments, respectively. Cluster analysis, based on grouping locations, showed that P101 was the preferred variety in low yielding environments, and P98, in high yielding ones. It was suggested that the use of both stability and cluster analyses might give better results. Comparison of Cluster and stability analyses showed that the stability analysis fails to recommend cultivars to different regions where yield potential showed significant differences. It seems, however, that Cluster analysis could be a powerful tool to examine G x E interaction. If the number of environments was sufficient, a separate stability analysis could be run in each Cluster.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The obtained results demonstrate that the Cd treatment leads to a significant reduction in MI and increase in CAs, and suggest thatThe Cd has clastogenic effect on the crop.
Abstract: The effect of cadmium (Cd) was studied on root tips of Pisum sativum L. Seeds of P.sativum were treated with a series of concentrations ranging from 0.125, 0.250, 0.500 and 1.000 mM for 6 h. The effect of Cd was analyzed by studying the percentage seed germination, radicle length (RL), mitotic index (MI) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in root tip. The results revealed that Cd had significant impeding effect on the root meristem activity of P.sativum at 0.500 and 1.000 mM as noticed by reduction in seed germination percentage and RL compared to control. Furthermore, it also reduced MI in dose-related manner compared to control. Additionally, the variation in the percentage of mitotic abnormalities was observed. The overall percentage of aberrations generally increased with increasing concentrations of Cd. Among these abnormalities laggards, bridges, stickiness, precocious separation and fragments were most common. The obtained results demonstrated that the Cd treatment leads to a significant reduction in MI and increase in CAs. Overall results allow us to suggest that the Cd has clastogenic effect on the crop.

20 Oct 2009
TL;DR: Assessing the antibacterial activity of two varieties of garlic against enteric pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Proteus m irabilis, Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexineri and Enterobacter aerogenes found Ethanolic extract of sativum was found to be highly effective against all the bacteria tested.
Abstract: The present study aimed at assessing the antibacterial activity of two varieties of garlic (ophioscordon and sativum) against enteric pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Proteus m irabilis, Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexineri and Enterobacter aerogenes. Aqueous extract of both the garlic varieties inhibited the growth of enteric pathogens at the concentrations of 200,300,400 and 500mg.However Enterobacter aerogenes was not susceptible to the aqueous extract of both the garlic varieties. Ethanolic extract of sativum was found to be highly effective against all the bacteria tested. HPTLC analyses of garlic varieties confirm the presence of allicin in various concentrations. Further analysis using GC-MS identified other compounds such as n-hexadecanoic acid, 3-deoxy-d-mannoic lactone, thymine and hexanedioic, bis (2-ethylhexyl) ester.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that two unlinked nuclear genes are involved in the genetic control of the observed incompatibility of wild pea accession VIR320.
Abstract: The genetic basis of nuclear-cytoplasmic incompatibility was examined using the wild pea (Pisum sativum subsp. elatius) accession VIR320. When this accession is used as the female parent in crosses with domesticated peas (Pisum sativum subsp. sativum) the F1 is highly sterile and displays chlorophyll deficiency, chlorophyll variegation, reduction of leaflets and stipulae while the reciprocal cross produces hybrids that appear normal. A mapping recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was established based on a cross in a compatible direction of a tester line WL1238 with VIR320. The ability to cause nuclear-cytoplasmic conflict was analysed by crossing individual RIL plants as pollen parents with VIR320 as donor of cytoplasm and scoring each F1 for major signs of the conflict. It is concluded that two unlinked nuclear genes are involved in the genetic control of the observed incompatibility. One of the genes, denoted as Scs1, is closely linked to the PhlC gene on linkage group III and the other, denoted as Scs2, is closely linked to the gp gene on linkage group V. Alleles of both genes in WL1238 are dominant and appear to be lethal in the homozygous condition in the VIR320 cytoplasm background.

Journal ArticleDOI
Omar M. Atrooz1
TL;DR: All the methanolic extracts showed high antioxidant activity and have high contents of phenolic and flavonoid, with highest inhibitory effect on RBCs hemolysis and linoleic acid oxidation.
Abstract: Different plant seeds extracts of Citrus sinensis, Hordeum sativum, Triticum sativum, Canna indica, Citrullus vulgaris and Capsicum annuum were evaluated for their antioxidant activity by the following methods: 2,2-diphenyl-1-pycril-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, reducing power, RBCs hemolysis and linoleic acid oxidation, a long with the determination of total phenolic and flavonoids contents. All the methanolic extracts showed high antioxidant activity and have high contents of phenolic and flavonoid. The Canna indica extract exhibited strong antioxidant as a reducing power and as DPPH radical-scavenging (3.61 absorbance, 87.12%, respectively), while the Hordeum sativum extract exhibited highest inhibitory effect on RBCs hemolysis (59.55%) and the Capsicum annuum extract has highest inhibitory effect on linoleic acid peroxidation (65.06%).

01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: The data on accumulation and mobility of heavy metals such as Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn from soil to leaves through roots and stems, suggested that all the metals were highly mobile.
Abstract: The heavy metals or trace elements play an important role in the metabolic pathways during the growth and development of plants, when available in appreciable concentration. The heavy metal concentration of Cadmium (Cd), Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) was analyzed using Inductive Coupled Plasma Analyzer (ICPA) (Perkin-Elmer ICP Optima 3300 RL) in 18 vegetable crop plants and their parts along with their soil, collected from various agricultural fields around Anand province, Gujarat, India. The vegetables crop plants were Anthem (Anthum graveolens), Beat (Brassica oleracea), Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia), Brinjal (Solanum melongena), Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), Chilli (Capsicum annum), Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum), Garlic (Alium sativum), Coccinia indica, Lufa (Luffa acutangula), Lady's Finger (Abelmoschus esculentus), Mint (Mentha piperata), Radish (Raphanus sativum), Spinach (Spinacia oleracea), Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum), Vetches (Cyamopsis soralioides) and White Gourd (Lagernaria vulgaris). The Accumulation Factor (AF) and Mobility Index (MI) were calculated for assessment of mobility of heavy metals from soil to various plant parts: roots, stems and leaves through different levels: Level 1 (Soil-Roots), Level 2 (Roots-Stems) and Level 3 (Stems-Leaves) in studied vegetable crop plants. The results showed concentration dependent variables of heavy metal levels among vegetable crop plants. The lower and higher concentration gradient alongwith their mobility gradient was also determined. A perusal of data reflects that accumulation gradient of each crop plant component vary according to their nature, properties and podsol climate of a particular crop plant. The data on accumulation and mobility of heavy metals such as Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn from soil to leaves through roots and stems, suggested that all the metals were highly mobile.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The values of the plants and spices in traditional medicine and the importance of the proximate composition and chemical compounds in the pharmaceutical, food and livestock industries were discussed.
Abstract: Six plants and spices were examined for their possible efficacy as medicinal plants in a completely randomized design model. The proximate composition of the samples showed greatest crude protein content for Vernonia amygdalinaand Ocimum gratissimum, followed by Allium sativum and Citrus aurantifoliaand then Khaya senegalensis and Zingiber officinale. The higher ether extract content was reported for V. amygdalina and O. gratissimum while the least was recorded for A. sativum. The crude fibre content was highest for V. amygdalinafollowed closely by O. gratissimum and the least was C. aurantifolia. Z. officinalehad the highest ash content compared to other samples. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of some major groups of pharmaceutical compounds like alkaloids, tannin, saponin, polyphenols, flavonoids and sterols. Tannin, saponin and alkaloids were present in almost all the samples while flavonoids, polyphenols were found in K. senegalensis and O. gratissimum. Sterols were absent in all the samples except O. gratissimum, K. senegalensisand V. amygdalina. Flavonoids was founds strongly in K. senegalensis, V. amygdalina but mildly in O. gratissimum and A. sativum. Conversely, alkaloids were absent in Z. officinale and A. sativum, Conclusively, the values of the plants and spices in traditional medicine and the importance of the proximate composition and chemical compounds in the pharmaceutical, food and livestock industries were discussed. Key words: Phytochemical, proximate composition, medicinal plants, spices.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Results indicated that intercrosses between arvense and sativum accessions as well as inclusion of valuable landraces into breeding programmes might prevent loss of diversity in the Pisum gene pool.
Abstract: A considerable loss of pea landraces and consequential loss of genetic variability in European countries and other areas has been recorded. Evolutionary and historical information as well as information about extent of various gene pools uses are extremely valuable when planning which of germplasm to use in germplasm-enhancement or base broadening initiatives. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, morphological traits and pedigree data were used to analyse genetic diversity of European pea (Pisum sativum L.) germplasm, to determine differences between P. sativum var. arvense and P. sativum ssp. sativum groups, and to estimate genetic variability among and within eighteen P. sativum accessions. Coancestry coefficients across investigated accessions varied from 0.46 to 1.00. The average dissimilarity index between Pisum sativum var. arvense and P. sativum ssp. sativum groups was 0.99, where estimates obtained by pedigree data might be overestimated. Average morphological distance among all accessions was slightly higher than average molecular distance (0.62 and 0.59, respectively). Average morphological distance between P. sativum ssp. sativum and P. sativum var. arvense groups was also higher than average molecular distance (0.71 and 0.69, respectively). Results, according to morphological traits used in this study were well suited to assess differences among accessions. Accessions were grouped according to their botanical characters and agronomic use. Genetic distances estimated by molecular marker (SSR) data in comparison with distances estimated by conventional methods (pedigree and morphologic traits) showed higher similarity with genetic distances estimated by morphological data. Results indicated that intercrosses between arvense and sativum accessions as well as inclusion of valuable landraces into breeding programmes might prevent loss of diversity in the Pisum gene pool.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Pseudomonas isolate Pf1 may be used for the biocontrol of M. incognita on pea, and Pseudomona isolates were tested for siderophores, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and indole acetic acid production because PseUDomonas isolate were more effective than the isolates of Bacillus in improving growth of pea and reducing galling and nematode multiplication.
Abstract: Biocontrol of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita was studied on Pisum sativum using isolates of fluorescent Pseudomonads (Pf1, Pa2, Pa3, Pa4 and Pf5) and Bacillus (B1, B2, B3, B4 and B5). Pseudomonas isolates caused greater inhibitory effect on hatching and penetration of M. incognita than caused by isolates of Bacillus. Among Pseudomonas, isolate Pf1 caused greater inhibitory effect on the hatching and penetration of M. incognita followed by Pa3, Pa4, Pa2 and Pf5. Similarly, among Bacillus isolates, B2 caused greater inhibitory effect on the hatching and penetration of M. incognita followed by B4, B3, B5 and B1. Pseudomonas isolates also caused greater increase in the growth of seedlings of pea than caused by isolates of Bacillus. In a greenhouse experiment, isolate Pf1 caused a greater increase in pea growth and higher reduction in galling and nematode multiplication followed by Pa3 and Pa4. However, isolate B1 was least effective in improving pea growth and reducing galling and nematode ...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results show that the 19th-century seed collection can be utilized to infer genetic relationships among obsolete cultivars as well as for other types of genetic research based on sequence or marker analysis.
Abstract: Historic collections of biological material are important genetic resources for taxonomic, evolutionary and historical research. In this paper we describe a seed collection dating from 1862 to 1918 maintained at the Swedish Museum of Cultural History. The collection contains over 3000 well-documented seed samples of various agricultural crops, mostly cereals. A subset of 100 samples divided over ten species frequently represented in the collection and a range of ages were tested for germinability and DNA preservation. None of these accessions were found to contain viable seeds. DNA extracted from the seeds was degraded, but the amount of degradation varied between species. DNA quality was evaluated by yield, fragment size and size of amplification product. Quality was highest for DNA extracted from Pisum sativum and Vicia sativa. DNA extracted from Brassica napus, Beta vulgaris and Trifolium pratense was more fragmented, and DNA extracted from Triticum aestivum, Secale sereale, Hordeum vulgare, Avena sativa and Phleum pratense was most degraded. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of ribosomal DNA fragments of up to 700 bp was permitted for most samples in all species. To test whether single-copy nuclear genes could be amplified from the extracted DNA, microsatellite markers were used on the Pisum sativum and Hordeum vulgare samples. Polymorphisms of microsatellite markers were detected between samples for both species. The results show that the 19th-century seed collection can be utilized to infer genetic relationships among obsolete cultivars as well as for other types of genetic research based on sequence or marker analysis.



01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: Cholesterol-lowering, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of CSL may favorably contribute to its memory-enhancement effect, and it would be worthwhile to explore the potential of this plant in the management of Alzheimer patients.
Abstract: Coriandrum sativum L., commonly known as coriander belonging to the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) is cultivated through out India for its nutritional value. The fresh leaves of Coriandrum sativum (CSL) are routinely added for the delicious taste and flavor, they import to various vegetarian dishes in India. The pharmacological studies have been proved that the presence of hypolipidemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in Coriandrum sativum leaves. In light of the above, the current study was undertaken to investigate the effects of Coriandrum sativum fresh leaves on cognitive functions in rats. Coriandrum sativum leaves (5, 10 & 15 % w/w) were fed orally along with a specially prepared diet for 45 days consecutively to male Wistar rats. Elevated plus-maze and Hebb-Williams maze served as the exteroceptive behavioral models for testing memory. Diazepam-, scopolamine-, and ageing-induced amnesia served as the interoceptive behavioral models. CSL (5, 10 & 15 % W/W of diet) produced a dosedependent improvement in memory scores of young as well as aged rats. CSL also reversed successfully the memory deficits induced by scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg, i.p.) and diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.). Cholesterol-lowering, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of CSL may favorably contribute to its memory-enhancement effect. Therefore, Coriandrum sativum leaves appears to be a promising candidate for improving memory, and it would be worthwhile to explore the potential of this plant in the management of Alzheimer patients.