Showing papers on "Sativum published in 2013"
TL;DR: The ethyl acetate extract of C. sativum roots showed the highest antiproliferative activity on MCF-7 cells and had the highest phenolic content, FRAP and DPPH scavenging activities among the extracts, suggesting its potential in cancer prevention and inhibition of metastasis.
Abstract: Coriandrum sativum is a popular culinary and medicinal herb of the Apiaceae family. Health promoting properties of this herb have been reported in pharmacognostical, phytochemical and pharmacological studies. However, studies on C. sativum have always focused on the aerial parts of the herb and scientific investigation on the root is limited. The aim of this research was to investigate the antioxidant and anticancer activities of C. sativum root, leaf and stem, including its effect on cancer cell migration, and its protection against DNA damage, with special focus on the roots. Powdered roots, leaves and stems of C. sativum were extracted through sequential extraction using hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water. Total phenolic content, FRAP and DPPH radical scavenging activities were measured. Anti-proliferative activitiy on the breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, was assayed using the MTT assay. Activities of the antioxidant enzymes, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and of the caspases-3, -8 and -9 were assayed on treatment with the extract. Cell cycle progression was analysed using flow cytometry. The scratch motility assay was used to assess inhibition of MCF-7 cell migration. DNA damage in 3 T3-L1 fibroblasts was evaluated by the comet assay. The components in the extract were identified by HPLC and GC-MS. The ethyl acetate extract of C. sativum roots showed the highest antiproliferative activity on MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 200.0 ± 2.6 μg/mL) and had the highest phenolic content, FRAP and DPPH scavenging activities among the extracts. C. sativum root inhibited DNA damage and prevented MCF-7 cell migration induced by H2O2, suggesting its potential in cancer prevention and inhibition of metastasis. The extract exhibited anticancer activity in MCF-7 cells by affecting antioxidant enzymes possibly leading to H2O2 accumulation, cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and apoptotic cell death by the death receptor and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways. This study is the first report on the antioxidant and anticancer properties of C. sativum root. The herb shows potential in preventing oxidative stress-related diseases and would be useful as supplements used in combination with conventional drugs to enhance the treatment of diseases such as cancer.
143 citations
TL;DR: The essential oil extracted from the fruits of Coriandrum sativum L. (Apiaceae) was evaluated for the first time for its larvicidal and repellent activities against the most invasive mosquito worldwide, Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae).
Abstract: The essential oils of many Apiaceae species have been already studied for their insecticidal and repellent properties against insect pests. In this research, the essential oil (EO) extracted from the fruits of Coriandrum sativum L. (Apiaceae) was evaluated for the first time for its larvicidal and repellent activities against the most invasive mosquito worldwide, Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae). The chemical composition of C. sativum EO was investigated by gas chromatography with electron impact mass spectrometry analysis. Coriander EO was mainly composed by monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes, with linalool (83.6 %) as the major constituent. C. sativum EO exerted toxic activity against A. albopictus larvae: LC50 was 421 ppm, while LC90 was 531.7 ppm. Repellence trials highlighted that C. sativum EO was a good repellent against A. albopictus, also at lower dosages: RD50 was 0.0001565 μL/cm2 of skin, while RD90 was 0.002004 μL/cm2. At the highest dosage (0.2 μL/cm2 of skin), the protection time achieved with C. sativum essential oil was higher than 60 min. This study adds knowledge about the chemical composition of C. sativum EO as well as to the larvicidal and repellent activity exerted by this EO against A. albopictus. On this basis, we believe that our findings could be useful for the development of new and safer products against the Asian tiger mosquito.
76 citations
TL;DR: Garlic (Allium sativum L.) essential oil was found to possess strong insecticidal activity against overwintering adults of Cacopsylla chinensis Yang et Li.
Abstract: In our screening program for insecticidal activity of the essential oils/extracts derived from some Chinese medicinal herbs and spices, garlic (Allium sativum L.) essential oil was found to possess strong insecticidal activity against overwintering adults of Cacopsylla chinensis Yang et Li (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). The commercial essential oil of A. sativum was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sixteen compounds, accounting for 97.44% of the total oil, were identified, and the main components of the essential oil of A. sativum were diallyl trisulfide (50.43%), diallyl disulfide (25.30%), diallyl sulfide (6.25%), diallyl tetrasulfide (4.03%), 1,2-dithiolane (3.12%), allyl methyl disulfide (3.07%), 1,3-dithiane (2.12%), and allyl methyl trisulfide (2.08%). The essential oil of A. sativum possessed contact toxicity against overwintering C. chinensis, with an LC50 value of 1.42 microg per adult. The two main constituent compounds, diallyl trisulfide and diallyl disulfide, exhibited strong acute toxicity against the overwintering C. chinensis, with LC50 values of 0.64 and 11.04 /g per adult, respectively.
59 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the UPLC-PDA-Q/TOF-MS method was used to identify main flavonoids and phenolic acids from Lepidium sativum sprouts.
Abstract: Some of health-protecting phytochemicals can be found in the sprouts in a much higher concentration than in the developed plants. However, the polyphenol composition of Lepidium sativum L. sprouts is still unresolved, especially with regard to flavonoids and phenolic acids. To develop a rapid and reliable UPLC-PDA-Q/TOF-MS method for the identification and quantification of main flavonoids and phenolic acids from L. sativum sprouts, the samples of L. sativum sprouts were grown with and without the exposition to light. Ten phenolic compounds were identified on the basis of their mass spectra in MS mode, MS/MS spectra, PDA spectrum, and retention times as compared with available reference substances. The major compounds were found to be sinapic acid derivatives. Acylated flavonoids in L. sativum sprouts were identified as kaempferol and quercetin with the same glycosidic substitution pattern as the major compounds, and varying degrees of acylation with sinapic and ferulic acids. Total content of phenolics in both samples was similar, but the content of flavonoids was higher and sinapine was lower in the sample of sprouts germinated in light. The determination and the evaluation of L. sativum extracts is very effective while using the UPLC-PDA-Q/TOF-MS. Even though the substances only occur in low concentrations, the combination of the retention time and the accurate molecular mass allows for their fast qualification.
57 citations
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: The effect of recommended dose of phosphorus and dual inoculation on soil available NPK, NPK uptake in crop as well as protein content in seed was found significantly higher as compared to other treatments.
Abstract: A field study was conducted in Rabi season of year 2009-10 at the Agronomy Farm of SKUAST-J to evaluate the response of field pea (Pisum sativum cv. Rachna) to levels of phosphorus and bio-fertilizers under sun-tropical conditions of Jammu. Recommended dose of phosphorus recorded seed and stover yield of 15.85 q ha -1 and 33.63 q ha -1 , respectively higher than other phosphorus levels and control. Among seed inoculation treatments, dual inoculation of Rhizobium + PSB produced significantly higher seed and stover yield of 15.01 q ha -1 and 33.90 q ha -1 than inoculation with Rhizobium, PSB and control. The effect of recommended dose of phosphorus and dual inoculation on soil available NPK, NPK uptake in crop as well as protein content in seed was found significantly higher as compared to other treatments. Besides, the interaction effect of phosphorus and bio-fertilizers on soil available was found significant.
43 citations
TL;DR: The organic fertilizer Protamylasse clearly affects communities ofRoot associated fungi, which seems to be linked to the life strategy of the different functional groups of root associated fungi.
Abstract: Organic fertilization is well known to affect individual functional groups of root associated fungi such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and root pathogens, but limited information is available on the effect of organic fertilization at the fungal community composition level. The main objective of the present study was to examine the response of communities of root associated fungi in Pisum sativum to Protamylasse, an organic fertilizer used in pea production. Plants were grown in pots with field soil amended with four different levels of Protamylasse. 454 pyrosequencing was employed to examine diversity of root associated fungi and revealed in total 164 non-singleton operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Principle component analysis (PCA) showed response of fungal community structure of the 15 most abundant OTUs to the four fertilization levels. Obligate biotrophic fungi such as the AM fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus caledonium, and the chytridiomycete Olpidium brassicae markedly increased in relative abundance with increasing levels of Protamylasse, whereas the relative abundance of the facultative pathogen Fusarium oxysporum decreased with increasing levels of Protamylasse. In conclusion, the organic fertilizer Protamylasse clearly affects communities of root associated fungi, which seems to be linked to the life strategy of the different functional groups of root associated fungi.
41 citations
TL;DR: It was determined that Niclosomide, with an intensity of 4+, and methanolic extracts of A. sativum L., have a good anti-leech effect and can be shown to be effective in cases of leech biting, while distilled water was negative.
Abstract: This study was carried out to determine the effects of methanolic extracts of Allium sativum L. on Limnatis nilotica compared with Niclosomide. In this experimental study in September 2010, a number of leeches (70 in total) from the southern area of Ilam province were prepared, and the effects of methanolic extract of A. sativum L. with Niclosomide as the control drug were compared and distilled water was evaluated as the placebo group which investigated L. nilotica using anti-leech assay. The average time of paralysis and death of L. nilotica for Niclosomide (1,250 mg/kg) and the methanol extract of A. sativum L. (600 μg/ml) were 6.22 ± 2.94 and 68.44 ± 28.39 min, respectively. Distilled water and garlic tablets at a dose of 400 mg were determined as the inert group. In this research, the attraction time of the leeches’ death among different treatments is significant. In this study, it was determined that Niclosomide, with an intensity of 4+, and methanolic extracts of A. sativum L., with an intensity of 3+, have a good anti-leech effect and can be shown to be effective in cases of leech biting, while distilled water was negative.
41 citations
TL;DR: The effects of hydrocolloids in rice-wheat flour were studied in this paper, which showed that water absorption, dough development time, dough stability and viscosity all increased with the addition of hydroxolloids alone or in a combination.
40 citations
TL;DR: Resistance to Ascochyta blight caused by Didymella pinodes was characterized by a reduced success of colony establishment and lesion size and Histologically this was associated with higher frequency of epidermal cell death and protein cross-linking in infectedEpidermal cells but not with H2O2 accumulation and peroxidase activity.
Abstract: Ascochyta blight caused by Didymella pinodes is a serious disease of pea (Pisum sativum ssp. sativum) to which little resistance has been identified so far. Only incomplete resistance is available in pea germplasm although higher levels of resistance have been reported in related Pisum species. In this study we characterized histochemically the underlying resistance mechanisms in these wild species and in the pea cv. Radley, the pea cultivar with the highest level of resistance to D. pinodes. Resistance was characterized by a reduced success of colony establishment and lesion size. Histologically this was associated with higher frequency of epidermal cell death and protein cross-linking in infected epidermal cells but not with H2O2 accumulation and peroxidase activity.
39 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that exogenous NO can effectively facilitate structural adjustments in pea leaves under Cd stress, which could improve stress tolerance at the whole-plant level.
Abstract: In the present study, the protective effect of nitric oxide (NO) against Cd-induced structural disturbances in pea (Pisum sativum) leaves was investigated. Cadmium treatment resulted in a decreased leaf size and thickness of the lamina, reduced intercellular spaces in the mesophyll, small pavement cells, and a high density of stomata. These abnormalities were partially or fully reversed by a simultaneous application of Cd and the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The concentration of 1000 µM SNP was very effective in counteracting the adverse effects of Cd and resulted in leaf structural parameters close to those of the control leaves. These findings suggest that exogenous NO can effectively facilitate structural adjustments in pea leaves under Cd stress, which could improve stress tolerance at the whole-plant level.
32 citations
TL;DR: Results showed that Medium 2 was more successful compared to Medium 1 for both A. tuncelianum and A. sativum in this study, and determination of effectiveness of real-time PCR assay for the detection of viruses.
Abstract: This study was performed for comparison of meristem culture technique with shoot tip culture technique for obtaining virus-free plant, comparison of micropropagation success of two different nutrient media, and determination of effectiveness of real-time PCR assay for the detection of viruses. Two different garlic species (Allium sativum and Allium tuncelianum) and two different nutrient media were used in this experiment. Results showed that Medium 2 was more successful compared to Medium 1 for both A. tuncelianum and A. sativum (Kastamonu garlic clone). In vitro plants obtained via meristem and shoot tip cultures were tested for determination of onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) and leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) through real-time PCR assay. In garlic plants propagated via meristem culture, we could not detect any virus. OYDV and LYSV viruses were detected in plants obtained via shoot tip culture. OYDV virus was observed in amount of 80% and 73% of tested plants for A. tuncelianum and A. sativum, respectively. LYSV virus was found in amount of 67% of tested plants of A. tuncelianum and in amount of 87% of tested plants of A. sativum in this study.
TL;DR: Foliar application of Zn improved not only the boldness and vigor of seeds but also the quality of the seeds in terms of carbohydrates, protein, carbohydrates, globulins, glutenins and prolamins and seed Zn content.
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this article, three different methods, DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical cation scavenging and lipid oxidation inhibition, were tested to determine the antioxidant capacity in the extracts.
Abstract: Extraction of polyphenols of Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae), Coriandrum sativum L. (Apiaceae) and Amaranthus hybridus L. (Amaranthaceae) was carried out by solid–liquid extraction. The effect of ethanol concentration and the extraction time were determined to obtain the maximum of polyphenols. Three different methods, DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical cation scavenging and lipid oxidation inhibition, were tested to determine the antioxidant capacity in the extracts. The results indicate that L. nobilis has a high antioxidant potential: 94.73%, 47.71% and 76.86% for DPPH, ABTS and lipid oxidation inhibition, respectively. On the other hand, C. sativum and A. hybridus showed 13.69% and 10.16% in DPPH assay, and 9.22% and 14.96% in ABTS assay, while it did not show any antioxidant capacity in the lipid oxidation inhibition method under the experimental conditions. In addition, the phenolic compounds in the extracts were also characterized by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis.
TL;DR: This study aimed at identification of parental germplasm that could be used for improvement of tolerance to sodium chloride (NaCl) in field pea and identified lines with relatively higher tolerance as compared to commercial varieties grown in Australia.
Abstract: This study was aimed at identification of parental germplasm that could be used for improvement of tolerance to sodium chloride (NaCl) in field pea. An initial screening experiment of 780 globally-distributed Pisum L. accessions identified significant variation in response to applied NaCl, based on plant symptoms. Lines with relatively higher tolerance as compared to commercial varieties grown in Australia were most frequently identified within landraces originating from the central, eastern and southern provinces of China. The most tolerant identified accession was an unadapted landrace ‘ATC1836’ originating from Greece. Variation for salinity tolerance was validated using a sub-set of 70 accession lines. Salinity-induced toxicity symptoms were closely associated with reductions of plant growth rate, height, shoot and root dry matter and with increased concentration of Na+ at the plant growing tip. The level of salinity tolerance based on these factors varied substantially and provides an important basis for genetic improvement of field pea for Australia.
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: Based on the promising results presented in this in vitro model, it may be possible use of these essential oils to control gastrointestinal nematodes, however, their anthelmintic activity should be confirmed in vivo.
Abstract: Phytotherapy can be an alternative for the control of gastrointestinal parasites of small ruminants. This study evaluated the efficacy of Alpinia zerumbet, Coriandrum sativum, Tagetes minuta and Lantana camara essential oils by two in vitro assays on Haemonchus contortus, an egg hatch test (EHT) and larval development test (LDT). No effect was observed for L. camara in the EHT. A. zerumbet, C. sativum and T. minuta essential oils exhibited a dose-dependent effect in the EHT, inhibiting 81.2, 99 and 98.1% of H. contortus larvae hatching, respectively, at a concentration of 2.5 mg mL –1 . The effective concentration to inhibit 50% (EC50) of egg hatching was 0.94, 0.63 and 0.53 mg mL –1 for A. zerumbet, C. sativum and T. minuta essential oils, respectively. In LDT, L. camara, A. zerumbet, C. sativum and T. minuta at concentration of 10 mg mL –1 inhibited 54.9, 94.2, 97.8 and 99.5% of H. contortus larval development, presenting EC50 values of 6.32, 3.88, 2.89 and 1.67 mg mL –1 , respectively. Based on the promising results presented in this in vitro model, it may be possible use of these essential oils to control gastrointestinal nematodes. However, their anthelmintic activity should be confirmed in vivo.
TL;DR: The genetic diversity among 28 pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes was analyzed using 32 simple sequence repeat markers and revealed 2 distinct clusters, I and II, comprising 6 and 22 genotypes, respectively.
Abstract: The genetic diversity among 28 pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes was analyzed using 32 simple sequence repeat markers. A total of 44 polymorphic bands, with an average of 2.1 bands per primer, were obtained. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.657 to 0.309 with an average of 0.493. The variation in genetic diversity among these cultivars ranged from 0.11 to 0.73. Cluster analysis based on Jaccard's similarity coefficient using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) revealed 2 distinct clusters, I and II, comprising 6 and 22 genotypes, respectively. Cluster II was further differentiated into 2 subclusters, IIA and IIB, with 12 and 10 genotypes, respectively. Principal component (PC) analysis revealed results similar to those of UPGMA. The first, second, and third PCs contributed 21.6, 16.1, and 14.0% of the variation, respectively; cumulative variation of the first 3 PCs was 51.7%.
TL;DR: In this paper, the efficacy of Alpinia zerumbet, Coriandrum sativum, Tagetes minuta and Lantana camara essential oils by two in vitro assays on Haemonchus contortus, an egg hatch test (EHT) and larval development test (LDT).
Abstract: Phytotherapy can be an alternative for the control of gastrointestinal parasites of small ruminants. This study evaluated the efficacy of Alpinia zerumbet, Coriandrum sativum, Tagetes minuta and Lantana camara essential oils by two in vitro assays on Haemonchus contortus, an egg hatch test (EHT) and larval development test (LDT). No effect was observed for L. camara in the EHT. A. zerumbet, C. sativum and T. minuta essential oils exhibited a dose-dependent effect in the EHT, inhibiting 81.2, 99 and 98.1% of H. contortus larvae hatching, respectively, at a concentration of 2.5 mg mL-1. The effective concentration to inhibit 50% (EC50) of egg hatching was 0.94, 0.63 and 0.53 mg mL-1 for A. zerumbet, C. sativum and T. minuta essential oils, respectively. In LDT, L. camara, A. zerumbet, C. sativum and T. minuta at concentration of 10 mg mL-1 inhibited 54.9, 94.2, 97.8 and 99.5% of H. contortus larval development, presenting EC50 values of 6.32, 3.88, 2.89 and 1.67 mg mL-1, respectively. Based on the promising results presented in this in vitro model, it may be possible use of these essential oils to control gastrointestinal nematodes. However, their anthelmintic activity should be confirmed in vivo.
TL;DR: It is revealed that under salinity seed priming with NaCI could be used as a method to improve seed performance in coriander, however, further studies are needed to investigate the effects of NaCI priming on later growth and development of this crop.
Abstract: Background: Optimum benefits of seed priming on four cultivars of coriander {Coriandrum sativum) having different origin (Tunisia, Algeria, Egypt, and Syria) were studied under salinity stress.
Method: Seeds of coriander were primed with NaCI at five levels (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g L1 ) for three different times (12, 24 and 36 h) at 25°C. Then primed (P) and non-primed (NP) seeds were irrigated with five different saline solutions consisting of 0 (control), 2, 4, 6 and 8 g L1 NaCI.
Results: The results showed that the best germination percentage was obtained by applying NaCI at 4 g L1 for 12 h. Also, NaCI priming increased germination percentage compared with non-primed seeds. Overall increased NaCI level led to the reductions in the traits under study but these reductions were higher for non-primed compared to primed seeds. An Egyptian cultivar seemed to be the most sensitive.
Conclusions: The present study revealed that under salinity seed priming with NaCI could be used as a method to improve seed performance in coriander. However, further studies are needed to investigate the effects of NaCI priming on later growth and development of this crop.
TL;DR: Path analysis revealed that days to end 50% flowering, longest basal leaf length, plant height, days to 50% maturity and seeds umbellet-1 exerted positive direct effect on seed yield plant-1, indicating that selection using these traits would be effective in improving seed yield in coriander.
Abstract: Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is an annual spice herb that belongs to the family Umbelliferae. Even though Ethiopia is a centre of primary diversity for the crop, the current knowledge about its biology, variety development and agronomy is neither complete nor conclusive under Ethiopian conditions. To contribute to filling some of the existing gaps, a field experiment was conducted during the main rainy season of 2007-2008 at Wondo Genet and Kokate, southern Ethiopia. Data for 15 agronomic and quality traits were measured and statistically tested. More of the traits were found having high correlation coefficients at genotypic level than the phenotypic level, demonstrating intrinsic associations among the traits. Seeds plant-1 and thousand seeds weight were associated significantly and positively with seed yield plant-1 at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Essential oil and fatty oil contents were negatively associated with most of the trait studied. Path analysis revealed that days to end 50% flowering, longest basal leaf length, plant height, days to 50% maturity and seeds umbellet-1 exerted positive direct effect on seed yield plant-1, indicating that selection using these traits would be effective in improving seed yield in coriander. Key Words : Coriandrum sativum, essential oil, Ethiopia, fatty oil
05 Sep 2013-Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B-pesticides Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes
TL;DR: The study indicated that residues of pendimethalin in green and mature pea were within the prescribed MRL limits, as well as in the soil of field peas, under field conditions.
Abstract: Dissipation of pendimethalin in the soil of field peas (Pisum sativum L.) at 0 to 110 days, and terminal residues in green and mature pea were studied under field conditions. Pendimethalin was applied as pre-emergence herbicide at 750, to 185 g a.i. ha−1 in winter, in field peas. Dissipation of pendimethalin in the soil at 0 to 110 days followed first-order kinetics showing a half-life of 19.83 days averaged over all doses. Low pendimethalin residues were found in mature pea grain (0.004, 0.003, <0.001 μg g−1), and straw (0.007, 0.002, <0.001 μg g−1) at 750, 350 and 185 g a.i. ha−1 treatments, respectively. The study indicated that residues of pendimethalin in green and mature pea were within the prescribed MRL limits.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It can be concluded that P. fulvum could represent a gene pool for improving P. arvense stress defence capacity and was found to be only expressed at moderate NaCl concentration, with total inhibition at high concentrations.
Abstract: Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses leading to crops yield failure. For investigation of salinity response in pea, in vitro cultures of three pea species (Pisum arvense, P. sativum and P. fulvum) were induced. Regenerated shoots of these pea species were grown on a medium with moderate and high NaCl concentrations (75, 120, 150 and 200 mM NaCl) to compare the antioxidative capacity in response to salt stress. Growth reduction was observed in all species and it correlated with the increase of NaCl concentration. After four weeks of treatment, the crude tissue extracts were used for measuring the stress response parameters. Level of lipid peroxidation increased in all three species, but in P. fulvum the effect of NaCl was less pronounced. Total chlorophyll and phenolic content showed differences among the three species, while the DPPH-scavenging activity was the most evident in P. fulvum. The northern blot analysis of the miRNA398 expression showed a similar pattern between P. sativum and P. arvense but different to that of P. fulvum, as in P. fulvum miRNA 398 was only expressed at moderate NaCl concentration, with total inhibition at high concentrations. On the basis of these results it can be concluded that P. fulvum could represent a gene pool for improving P. sativum and P. arvense stress defence capacity.
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: The anti-inflammatory activity is more effective in Group V Carrageenan induction with oral administration of Coriandrum sativum ethanolic leaf extract of 400mg/kg/i.p.
Abstract: The present study investigates the anti-inflammatory activity in ethanolic extract of Coriandrum sativum. L using carrageenan induced paw edema in albino rats. The medicinal values of the Coriandrum sativum. L has been mentioned ancient literature as useful in disorders of inflammation. Dried leaves of Coriandrum sativum. L powdered and extracted with ethanol using shaker. The anti-inflammatory was done by carrageenan induced hind paw edema method using plethysmometer. Indomethacin used as a standard drug. For this activity test groups received Control, Standard Indomethacin (40mg/kg), Induced 1% Carrageenan (0.1 ml),ethanolic leaf extract of Coriandrum sativum L. in 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg.The anti-inflammatory activity is more effective in Group V Carrageenan induction with oral administration of Coriandrum sativum ethanolic leaf extract of 400mg/kg/i.p compared to Group IV Carrageenan is subcutaneously induced along with the oral administration of Coriandrum sativum ethanolic leaf extract of 200mg/kg/i.p.
TL;DR: In this article, extracts from different tissues of Allium fistulosum and Allium sativum L. were investigated to evaluate their antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity, and the highest yields of the Allium extracts were prepared from the extraction of 30% ethanol solution.
Abstract: The extracts from different tissues of Allium fistulosum L. and Allium sativum L. were investigated to evaluate their antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity. The highest yields of the Allium extracts were prepared from the extraction of 30% ethanol solution. The DPPH scavenging activity was the highest in A. fistulosum L. leaves, which IC50 is 14.61 μg·mL-1. The highest antioxidant activity using TEAC assay and total phenolic content were observed in A. sativum L. stems and A. fistulosum L. stems, where they are determined to be 15.51 mMand 191.04 mg GAE·g-14.59 mMand 182.60 mg GAE·g-1,respectively. Statistic analysis revealed that the DPPH IC50 value was significantly correlated with total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity using TEAC assay. The extracts of A. sativum L. bulbs were found to exhibit antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with the MIC and MBC of 0.2 mg·mL-1and 0.4 mg·mL-1, respectively. In addition, the extract of A. fistulosum L. stems was more active against Bacillus subtilis, with an MIC and MBC of 0.2 and 0.4 mg·mL-1, respectively. The inhibitory activity of various Allium extracts against the test bacteria was greater than that of 10 μg·mL-1 allicin. The results indicated that Allium spp. extracts could be used as a potential source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents.
TL;DR: It is suggested that K protects L. sativum against As-toxicity by decreasing its accumulation and strengthening antioxidant defense system and protein stability.
Abstract: In a hydroponic culture, experiments were performed to study the influence of potassium (K) supplementation (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg L(-1)) on the arsenic (As; 0, 8, and 10 mg L(-1))-accrued changes in growth traits (plant biomass, root-shoot length) and the contents of lepidine, As and K, in garden cress (Lepidium sativum Linn.) at 10 days after treatment. The changes in these traits were correlated with shoot proline content, protein profile, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes namely superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.8.1.7), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11). In general, As-alone treatments significantly decreased the growth traits but lead to significant enhancements in shoot proline and enzyme activities. K-supplementation to As-treated L. sativum seedlings decreased shoot-As content, reduced As-induced decreases in growth traits but enhanced the content of shoot proline, and the activities of the studied enzymes maximally with K100 + As8 and As10 mg L(-1). Both 8 and 10 mg L(-1) of As drastically downregulated the shoot proteins ranging from 43-65 kDa. With As10 mg L(-1), there was a total depletion of protein bands below 23 kDa; however, K80 mg L(-1) maximally recovered and upregulated the protein bands. Additionally, protein bands were downregulated (at par with As-alone treatment) above K80 mg L(-1) level. Interestingly, As-stress increased lepidine content in a dose-dependent manner which was further augmented with the K-supplementation. It is suggested that K protects L. sativum against As-toxicity by decreasing its accumulation and strengthening antioxidant defense system and protein stability.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Results reflected a positive potential of plant extracts as suitable substitute of conventional synthetic insecticides for the management of insect pest attacking stored commodities.
Abstract: Laboratory experimentations were conducted for the evaluation of contact and repellent activities of acetone based plant extracts of Allium sativum (Garlic), Azadirachta indica (Neem), Citrus limon (Lemon) and Eucalyptus globules (Safaida) against the insect pest of stored grain commodities, Tribolium castaneum. Various concentrations (5, 10 and 15%) of the plant extracts were applied on the filter papers in the bioassay experiments and after the release of 15d old beetles, mortality was evaluated after fixed intervals (24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168h). Repellent action was also checked using the area preference method and preference of adult beetles were checked after fixed period (24, 48 and 72h). Contact toxicity experiments revealed that E. globules (9.41%) proved to be more effective followed by A. sativum (9.20%), C. limon (8.39%) and A. indica (7.48%). Repellent action confirmed E. globule (76.29%) to be more potent and A. indica (63.08%), A. sativum (59.62%) and C. limon (50.12%) were least effective, respectively. Results reflected a positive potential of plant extracts as suitable substitute of conventional synthetic insecticides for the management of insect pest attacking stored commodities.
TL;DR: The study reveals that Z. officinale had a strong latent effect against the larvae of the test pest and further investigations on the efficacy of longer exposure in combination with higher concentrations of these extracts can be helpful to reduce the wheat store-insect damage.
Abstract: An investigation was carried out to evaluate the insecticidal activity of Allium sativum, Zingiber officinale and Nigella sativa extracts against the larvae of T. granarium under laboratory conditions in the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan during 2009-10. The highest concentration of (6 %) Z. officinale was found to be comparatively more toxic (16.70 %) than those of A. sativum (10.45 %) and N. sativa (5.49 %) at 96 hours exposure. Regarding latent effect of the test plant materials, Z. officinale gave significantly higher reduction (54.15 %) in F1 progeny than N. sativa (41.97 %) and A. sativum (32.19 %). The study reveals that Z. officinale had a strong latent effect against the larvae of the test pest. Further investigations on the efficacy of longer exposure in combination with higher concentrations of these extracts can be helpful to reduce the wheat store-insect damage.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Observed tissue-specific expression profile of PsDREB2A suggests complex regulation and the role of this transcription factor in pea drought response and can conclude that this pea (var.” NS MRAZ”) is a drought sensitive plant.
Abstract: Protein pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an agronomic type of pea introduced in the region of modern Serbia in the early eighties of the last century. In this study, a new variety NS MRAZ developed by pedigree selection in 2011 was used. Two-week-old plants were subjected to drought stress by withholding irrigation for 7 and 10 days, and rehydrated for one day. Stress effects were monitored by determination of relative water content (RWC), lipid peroxidation and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).We isolated partial cDNA of Pisum sativum DREB2A, namely PsDREB2A (HM229349), which belongs to the DREB gene family. Bioinformatics analyses showed high similarity with DREB2A gene from model legume Medicago truncataula. The relationship between the expression profile of PsDREB2A gene and water stress was assayed by quantitative real time PCR in pea roots and leaves. According to obtained results, it is evident that loss of water content strongly induced accumulation of ROS and lipid peroxidation in pea plants. The expression of PsDREB2A in pea roots increased with water content decrease, reaching maximum after 10 days of dehydration (2 fold higher than in control plants). On the other hand, in the pea leaves, the highest level of expression was observed after 7 days of dehydration (60% higher than in control). Observed tissue-specific expression profile of PsDREB2A suggests complex regulation and the role of this transcription factor in pea drought response. In addition, we can conclude that this pea (var.” NS MRAZ”) is a drought sensitive plant.
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: Seeds of two varieties of Pisum sativum, P. hortense and var.
Abstract: Seeds of two varieties of Pisum sativum, P. sativum var. hortense (garden pea) and var. arvense (field pea) were subjected to different doses of gamma irradiation to evaluate the effect on yield attributing characters. The effect of mutagen was studied with regard to percent germination, plant height, maturation period, number of branches, and number of flowers per plant, number of pods per plant, pod size, number of seeds per pod and per plant, weight of 100 dried seeds, and number of seeds per 100 grm. Data recorded from the population raised exhibited significant variability in different characters. Most of the physiological parameters viz. percent germination, maturation period and number of flowers showed dose dependent decrease in irradiated plants. Lower doses of gamma irradiation had stimulatory effect on yield attributing parameters such as number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, and pod size, in both the varieties. P. sativum var. arvense (leafy) was found to be high yielding than var. hortense (leafless) and the genotype of first variety was observed to be more sensitive to gamma irradiation than the latter. Pisum sativum, gamma irradiation, yield, sensitivity, mutagens, genotype
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of Allium sativum and Cinnamomum verum water extracts on the water holding capacity (WHC), susceptibility to syneresis (STS), exopolysaccharides (EPS) and rheological properties of yogurt during 0, 7, 14 and 21 days of refrigerated storage (4°C) was investigated.
Abstract: The influence of Allium sativum and Cinnamomum verum water extracts on the water holding capacity (WHC), susceptibility to syneresis (STS), exopolysaccharides (EPS) and rheological properties of yogurt during 0, 7, 14 and 21 days of refrigerated storage (4°C) were investigated. The WHC of yogurt in presence of C. verum or A. sativum was significantly higher than plain-yogurt overall storage period. The highest WHC showed on day 21 of storage with 24.5 ± 1.6% and 17.3 ± 1.5% for C. verum and A. sativum yogurts respectively. The STS uniformly reduced (p < 0.05) in presence of herbs compared to in absence. ESP in plain- and herbal-yogurts increased during refrigerated storage. However, both plain- and A. sativum-yogurt decreased (p < 0.05) on day 21 of storage. Amplitude sweep showed liquid like behaviour for both herbal and plain-yogurt during storage. However, addition of C. verum or A. sativum in yogurt showed remarkable improvement in the structure of yogurt on day 21 of storage. Both herbal- and plain-yogurts showed shear thinning behaviour. Refrigerated storage up to 21 days showed less shear thinning behaviour as compared to 0 day for both plain- and C. verum- yogurt but not for A. sativum-yogurt.
TL;DR: Three-yearaverages revealed large variations in dry matter yield the number of days to harvest, plant height, lodging degree and forage quality parameters of the forage pea ecotypes.
Abstract: Local forage pea (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense L.) ecotypes are commonlycultivated in the Eastern Anatolia Region for long years. The ecotypes showgreat variations in yields and plant characteristics and these geneticallyresources should definitely be protected and be used as breeding material. Thecurrent study was conducted to determine the dry matter yields and yieldcomponents of 18 forage pea ecotypes selected among 61 collected materials fromErzurum, Bayburt, Kars and Ardahan provinces. The experiments were carried outin the experimental fields of Ataturk University Agricultural Faculty duringthe years of 2008, 2009 and 2010 under irrigated conditions. Three-yearaverages revealed large variations in dry matter yield the number of days toharvest, plant height, lodging degree and forage quality parameters of theecotypes. Dry matter yields of ecotypes varied between 4862 and 6854 kg ha-1,the number of days to harvest between 79.0 and 91.1 days and plant heightsbetween 68.8 and 102.0 cm. Among the investigated ecotypes, the Degirmencik-1and Subatan were considered to be promising ecotypes for breeding studies andregional yield studies.