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Showing papers on "Sativum published in 2016"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results confirmed that E. cloacae exhibited traits for plant growth promoting and could be developed as an eco-friendly biofertilizer for P. sativum and probably for other important plant species in future.

101 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Investigating the effects of water stress on growth, biomass and foliar characteristics in three cultivars of Pisum sativum revealed significant differences among the cultivars, water-stress treatments and their interaction, indicating the cultivar variability and differential response to water stress.
Abstract: In recent years, drought has been a serious problem in Ethiopia and elsewhere which has adversely affected plant productivity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of water stress on growth, biomass and foliar characteristics in three cultivars (Brukitu, Tegegnech and Adi) of Pisum sativum. The control plant pots were uniformly irrigated at 3 day intervals to maintain 100% field capacity. Water-stress conditions were imposed by subjecting plants to a gradual decrease of soil water availability such as watering at 6 day intervals (slight-stress condition), 9 day intervals (mild-stress condition) and 12 day intervals (severe-stress condition). Results revealed significant differences among the cultivars, water-stress treatments and their interaction, indicating the cultivars variability and differential response to water stress. Water stress adversely affected growth, biomass production, leaf water status and other leaf characteristics such as pigment concentration (chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll), maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (PS II) (Fv/Fm), net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate in all cultivars, as stress level was increased in comparison to control plants. The relatively less decline in the studied parameters of Tegegnech exhibited a reasonable tolerance ability of this cultivar, whereas Brukitu and Adi proved to be sensitive to water-deficit condition.

61 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The aims of this study are to determine the chemical composition of Lavandula angustifolia Mill.
Abstract: The aims of this study are to determine the chemical composition of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. and Coriandrum sativum L. essential oils, to evaluate their cytotoxic effects in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, to investigate whether an alteration of adenylate cyclase 1 (ADCY1) and of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) expression can take part in the molecular mechanisms of the essential oils, and to study their possible neuronal electrophysiological effects. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation, and studied by GC and GC-MS. In the oils from L. angustifolia and C. sativum, linalool was the main component (33.1% and 67.8%, respectively). SH-SY5Y cells were incubated with different concentrations of essential oils and of linalool. Cell viability and effects on ADCY1 and ERK expression were analyzed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide MTT and Western blotting, respectively. Variation in cellular electrophysiology was studied in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons with a multi-electrode array (MEA)-based approach. The essential oils and linalool revealed different cytotoxic activities. Linalool inhibited ADCY1 and ERK expression. Neuronal networks subjected to L. angustifolia and C. sativum essential oils showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of spontaneous electrical activity.

45 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study shows that some endophytic actinobacteria have the potential to enhance the lucerne – rhizobia symbiosis.
Abstract: Background and aims Endophytic actinobacteria are known to benefit their hosts by improving plant growth and by reducing the severity of soil borne diseases. In this study, their role in enhancing the growth of lucerne and their interaction with its rhizobial symbiosis is examined. Comparison is made between endophytic actinobacteria isolated from wheat plants and isolates from the roots and nodules of four different legume species: lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), field pea (Pisum sativum L.), subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) and burr medic (Medicago polymorpha L.).

44 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and ethanol extract of Coriandrum sativum L. leaves were reported, where 19 compounds representing 95.30% of the oil were identified.
Abstract: This study reports the chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and ethanol extract of Coriandrum sativum L. leaves. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis identified 19 compounds representing 95.30% of the oil. (E)-2-decenal (29.87%), linalool (21.61%), (E)-2-dodecenal (7.03%), dodecanal (5.78%), (E)-2-undecenal (3.84%), (E)-2-tridecenal (3.56%), (E)-2-hexadecenal (2.47%), tetradecenal (2.35%), and α-pinene (1.64%) were the main components identified in the essential oil. The samples were screened for their antioxidant activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and β-caroten bleaching assay. IC50 value for ethanol extract of C. sativum was determined as 74.87 ± 0.03 μg/mL. Total antioxidant activity value for C. sativum ethanol extract was 85.85 ± 0.04%. Total phenolic content for ethanol extract of the plant was determined as 14.97 ± 0.05 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight. The essential oil and ethanol extract were also tested...

34 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the levels of Mo, As, Se, Fe, Cu, Ni, Zn, Ni and Pb in C. sativum were determined in a vegetable commonly consumed in Pakistan and positive association was found between the rhizosphere metals and those of the vegetable at all three sites.
Abstract: Levels of Mo, As, Se, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb were determined in a vegetable commonly consumed in Pakistan. Samples were collected from three different sites (Ratokala, Phularwan, and Mailowal) supplied with three different water sources. Mo and Pb in water and Mo and As in C. sativum were higher than the suggested standards at the international level. Lower bioconcentration factor and pollution load index were seen at Site-I than at other sites. A positive association was found between the rhizosphere metals and those of the vegetable at all three sites. Enrichment factor at three sites ranged from 0.28 to 10.39. The highest value of daily intake of metals was found for Fe (0.245 mg/kg/day) and of the health risk index for As (70.41) at the wastewater inundated site. It is inferred that uptake of Mo, As, Cu, Ni, and Pb through C. sativum represents a high health danger to the individuals using this vegetable.

34 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two years of replicated trials in noninfested fields indicate that the resistance to O. crenata is devoid of pleiotropic effects on yield, in contrast to pea experimental mutants impaired in strigolactone biosynthesis and, thus, is suitable for use in breeding programs.
Abstract: Crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) is a devastating parasitic weed threatening the cultivation of legumes around the Mediterranean and in the Middle East. So far, only moderate levels of resistance were reported to occur in pea (Pisum sativum L.) natural germplasm, and most commercial cultivars are prone to severe infestation. Here, we describe the selection of a pea line highly resistant to O. crenata, following the screening of local genetic resources. Time series observations show that delayed emergence of the parasite is an important parameter associated with broomrape resistance. High performance liquid chromatography connected to tandem mass spectrometry analysis and in vitro broomrape germination bioassays suggest that the resistance mechanism might involve the reduced secretion of strigolactones, plant hormones exuded by roots and acting as signaling molecules for the germination of parasitic weeds. Two years of replicated trials in noninfested fields indicate that the resistance is devo...

34 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Plants developed from primed seeds showed better response to salinity by the protection of membrane integrity, the maintenance of the highest values of osmotica and by the amelioration of chlorophyll and carotenoid content.

29 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It can be concluded that GHG-L has high consumption values, exceeding the nutritional and health-enhancing properties of garlic; hence, it is a good candidate for functional foods.

29 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Inoculation with R. irregularis was equally or more efficient than application of chemical fertilizer in promoting growth and nutrition of C. sativum and AM fungi may contribute to improve biologically based production of food plants and reduce the dependence on agrochemicals in agriculture.
Abstract: The widespread use of agrochemicals is detrimental to the environment and may exert harmful effects on human health. The consumer demand for organic food plants has been increasing. There is thus a rising need for alternatives to agrochemicals that can foster sustainable plant production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus as an alternative to application of chemical fertilizer for improving growth performance of the medicinal and aromatic plant Coriandrum sativum. Plants were inoculated with the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis BEG163 and/or supplemented with a commercial chemical fertilizer (Plant Marvel, Nutriculture Bent Special) in agricultural soil. Plant growth, nutrition, and development of AM fungus were assessed. Plants inoculated with R. irregularis and those supplemented with chemical fertilizer displayed significantly improved growth performances when compared with controls. There were no significant differences in total fresh weight between plants inoculated with R. irregularis or those supplemented with chemical fertilizer. Leaf chlorophyll a + b (82%), shoot nitrogen (44%), phosphorus (254%), and potassium (27%) concentrations increased in plants inoculated with R. irregularis compared to controls. Application of chemical fertilizer inhibited root mycorrhizal colonization and the length of the extraradical mycelium of R. irregularis. Inoculation with R. irregularis was equally or more efficient than application of chemical fertilizer in promoting growth and nutrition of C. sativum. AM fungi may thus contribute to improve biologically based production of food plants and reduce the dependence on agrochemicals in agriculture.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that the seed germination/root elongation assay with L. sativum is a valid tool for the assessment of xenobiotic toxicity and can be recommended as part of a test battery.
Abstract: A phytotoxicity assay based on seed germination/root elongation has been optimized and used to evaluate the toxic effects of some phenolic herbicides. The method has been improved by investigating the influence of experimental conditions. Lepidium sativum was chosen as the most suitable species, showing high germinability, good repeatability of root length measurements, and low sensitivity to seed pretreatment. DMSO was the most appropriate solvent carrier for less water-soluble compounds. Three dinitrophenols and three hydroxybenzonitriles were tested: dinoterb, DNOC, 2,4-dinitrophenol, chloroxynil, bromoxynil, and ioxynil. Toxicity was also determined using the Vibrio fischeri Microtox® test, and a highly significant correlation was found between EC50 values obtained by the two assays. Dinoterb was the most toxic compound. The toxicity of hydroxybenzonitriles followed the order: ioxynil >bromoxynil >chloroxynil; L. sativum exhibited a slightly higher sensitivity than V. fischeri to these compounds. A QSAR analysis highlighted the importance of hydrophobic, electronic, and hydrogen-bonding interactions, in accordance with a mechanism of toxic action based on protonophoric uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. The results suggest that the seed germination/root elongation assay with L. sativum is a valid tool for the assessment of xenobiotic toxicity and can be recommended as part of a test battery.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of foliar application of K as potassium nitrate (KNO3) ability to mitigate the negative impacts of salinity on coriander (Coriander sativum L.) plants was investigated.
Abstract: This investigation was carried out to study the effect of foliar application of K as potassium nitrate (KNO3) ability to mitigate the negative impacts of salinity on coriander (Coriander sativum L.) plants. In a greenhouse condition we used three levels of NaCl (0, 40 and 80 mM) applied to the growth medium and three levels of K as KNO3 (0, 50 and 100 mM) adjusted two times as a foliar spray on the plants. Salt stress affected adversely the growth rate, relative content of leaf water, the plant contents of protein and chlorophyll, attributes of gas exchange containing net CO2 assimilation rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and substomatal CO2 concentration, essential oil content and leaf K+, Mg2+, P, Ca2+, N as well as Na+/K+ ratio, while it enhanced the electrolyte leakage, the plant contents of proline and Na+. It can be concluded that the tested parameters were generally positively affected by the foliar application of the KNO3 under saline and control conditions. Supplied with KNO3 treatment significantly showed better tolerance towards salinity. This can be explained by the positive effects of all external KNO3 application on the membrane permeability, photosynthetic activities, relative water content and nutrients balance and concentration under salinity stress conditions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Treatment with C. sativum leaves has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and ERK signaling inhibitory properties that are beneficial for patients with AD, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects are examined.
Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease, has a complex and widespread pathology that is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid [Formula: see text]-peptide (A[Formula: see text]) in the brain and various cellular abnormalities, including increased oxidative damage, an amplified inflammatory response, and altered mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Based on the complex etiology of AD, traditional medicinal plants with multiple effective components are alternative treatments for patients with AD. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of an ethanol extract of Coriandrum sativum (C. sativum) leaves on A[Formula: see text] cytotoxicity and examined the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects. Although recent studies have shown the benefits of the inhalation of C. sativum oil in an animal model of AD, the detailed molecular mechanisms by which C. sativum exerts its neuroprotective effects are unclear. Here, we found that treatment with C. sativum extract increased the survival of both A[Formula: see text]-treated mammalian cells and [Formula: see text]42-expressing flies. Moreover, C. sativum extract intake suppressed [Formula: see text]-induced cell death in the larval imaginal disc and brain without affecting A[Formula: see text]42 expression and accumulation. Interestingly, the increases in reactive oxygen species levels and glial cell number in AD model flies were reduced by C. sativum extract intake. Additionally, C. sativum extract inhibited the epidermal growth factor receptor- and A[Formula: see text]-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). The constitutively active form of ERK abolished the protective function of C. sativum extract against the [Formula: see text]-induced eye defect phenotype in Drosophila. Taken together, these results suggest that C. sativum leaves have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and ERK signaling inhibitory properties that are beneficial for patients with AD.

01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: Ascorbic acid has long been considered as a possible hydrogen donor in the intermediary oxidation-reduction chain in living tissues and recently several investigators have reported that such an enzyme exists in peas.
Abstract: Ascorbic acid has long been considered as a possible hydrogen donor in the intermediary oxidation-reduction chain in living tissues. The biological oxidation of ascorbic acid to dehydro-ascorbic acid by ascorbic acid oxidase, polyphenolase, peroxidase, and other systems has been carefully worked out by many investigators (?4). In plants, however, ascorbic acid is nearly always found in the reduced state and very little is found as dehydroascorbic acid, the oxidized state. Therefore there must be present in the living plant cells some reducing mechanism to maintain the ascorbic acid in the reduced state in spite of the terminal oxidases and oxidizing catalysts which tend to oxidize it to dehydro-ascorbic acid. Recently several investigators (5, 9, 15, 16) have reported that such an enzyme exists in peas. The enzyme, ascorbic acid dehydrogenase, also called dehydro-ascorbic acid reductase and ascorbic reductase, catalyzes the reduction of dehydro-ascorbic acid as given in the following equation:

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was found that genotypes from the winter production region showed higher cold tolerance than genotype from the spring production region, and accessions identified as having high levels of cold tolerance are recommended as potential genetic resources in cold-tolerance breeding of pea.
Abstract: As a cool-season crop, pea (Pisum sativum L.) can tolerate frost at the vegetative stage but experiences yield loss when freezing stress occurs at the reproductive stage. Cold-tolerance improvement of pea varieties is important for stable yield and expansion of the winter pea planting area. Under natural low-temperature conditions during winter in Qingdao, Shandong, China, we evaluated the cold tolerance of 3672 pea germplasm accessions in the field and categorized them as displaying high resistance (214), moderate resistance (835), or susceptibility (2623). The highly and moderately resistant genotypes were validated in the following year. We found that genotypes from the winter production region showed higher cold tolerance than genotypes from the spring production region. The accessions identified as having high levels of cold tolerance are recommended as potential genetic resources in cold-tolerance breeding of pea.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence is shown about the effect of A. sativum and T. erecta plant extracts by means of individual and combined usage against H. contortus in in vitro and in vivo bioassays in artificially H.contortus-infected gerbils as a model.
Abstract: Objective In the Mexican ethno-medicine, a number of plants have shown a successful anthelmintic activity. This fact could be crucial to identify possible green anti-parasitic strategies against nematodes affecting animal production. This research evaluated the in vitro and in vivo nematocidal effects of two single and combined plant extracts: bulbs of Allium sativum (n-hexane) and flowers of Tagetes erecta (acetone). The in vivo assay evaluated the administration of extracts either individually or combined against Haemonchus contortus in experimentally infected gerbils. Methods The in vitro larvicidal activity percentage (LAP) of A. sativum and T. erecta extracts against H. contortus (L3) was determined by means of individual and combined usage of the extracts. Similarly, the extracts were evaluated in terms of reduction in the parasitic population in gerbils infected with H. contortus by individual and combined usage. Results The LAP at 40 mg/mL was 68% with A. sativum and 36.6% with T. erecta. The combination caused 83.3% mortality of parasites. The oral administration of A. sativum and T. erecta extracts at 40 mg/mL, caused 68.7% and 53.9% reduction of the parasitic burden, respectively. Meanwhile, the combined effect of both extracts shown 87.5% reduction. Conclusion This study showed evidence about the effect of A. sativum and T. erecta plant extracts by means of individual and combined usage against H. contortus in in vitro and in vivo bioassays in artificially H. contortus-infected gerbils as a model.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, high protein and sugar-free cookies with different levels of pea flour, soya bean flour and oat flakes, were developed with the intention to develop sugar free cookies, and the results of the proximate analysis showed that the moisture, ash, crude fat, protein and total dietary fiber of fortified samples were higher than the control.
Abstract: High protein and sugar-free cookies fortified with different levels of pea flour, soya bean flour and oat flakes, were developed. Sucralose was used instead of sucrose with the intention to develop sugar-free cookies. Proximate composition, storage stability tests, microbiological analysis and sensory evaluation was carried out. The results of the proximate analysis showed that the moisture, ash, crude fat, protein and total dietary fiber of fortified samples were higher than the control. The carbohydrate content of the fortified products was found to be lower than the control. However, the energy value of the fortified cookies was found to be higher than the control. It was, therefore, contended from the results that the cookies were sugar-free and protein rich. The cookies were stable both in terms of peroxide and acid values during two months of storage period, as both the values were within the permissible limits prescribed by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). Microbial analysis of the cookies showed that there was not any microbial growth indicating the products are safe. Sensory evaluation of cookies showed that with regard to color, taste, flavor and texture, cookies with 5% to 10% pea flour and soya bean flour scored highest.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results on oviposition behavior of the weevils can be used in developing alternative pest management strategies such as trap cropping using highly attractive genotype and intercropping with the non-host plants.
Abstract: The pea weevil, Bruchus pisorum L. is a major insect pest of field pea, Pisum sativum L. worldwide and current control practices mainly depend on the use of chemical insecticides that can cause adverse effects on environment and human health. Insecticides are also unaffordable by many small-scale farmers in developing countries, which highlights the need for investigating plant resistance traits and to develop alternative pest management strategies. The aim of this study was to determine oviposition preference of pea weevil among P. sativum genotypes with different level of resistance (Adet, 32410-1 and 235899-1) and the non-host leguminous plants wild pea (Pisum fulvum Sibth. et Sm.) and grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.), in no-choice and dual-choice tests. Pod thickness and micromorphological traits of the pods were also examined. In the no-choice tests significantly more eggs were laid on the susceptible genotype Adet than on the other genotypes. Very few eggs were laid on P. fulvum and L. sativus. In the dual-choice experiments Adet was preferred by the females for oviposition. Furthermore, combinations of Adet with either 235899-1 or non-host plants significantly reduced the total number of eggs laid by the weevil in the dual-choice tests. Female pea weevils were also found to discriminate between host and non-host plants during oviposition. The neoplasm (Np) formation on 235899-1 pods was negatively correlated with oviposition by pea weevil. Pod wall thickness and trichomes might have influenced oviposition preference of the weevils. These results on oviposition behavior the weevils can be used in developing alternative pest management strategies such as trap cropping using highly attractive genotype and intercropping with the non-host plants.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Five introgression lines with pea weevil resistance transferred from P. fulvum to P. sativum subsp.
Abstract: The current global climate change results in shift and shrinkage of ranges of crop cultivation. The potential of crop wild relatives as an important source of genetic diversity for breeding is underestimated. Wild relatives of pea include the species P. fulvum and the subspecies P. sativum subsp. elatius, whereas wild representatives of P. abyssinicum are unknown. Wild peas are characterized by spontaneous dehiscence of pods and ballistic seed dispersal. The cultivated pea represents just a phyletic lineage within P. sativum. Pea crop wild relatives are promising with respect to: (1) resistance to pests and pathogens; (2) resistance to abiotic stress; (3) nutritional value; (4) agrotechnical advantages, e.g. branching, ability of hibernation etc.; (5) symbiotic nitrogen fixation; etc. P. fulvum is resistant to pea weevil, rust, powdery mildew and ascochyta blight. Some P. sativum subsp. elatius are resistant to nematodes, broomrape, powdery mildew, Fusarium wilt, root rot, ascochyta blight and white wilt. P. sativum subsp. elatius responds to weevil oviposition by neoplastic pustules of the pod wall controlled by the locus Np. Some P. sativum subsp. elatius accessions have lowered transpiration rates, and an accession from Italy survives at–20°C. Analyses of quantitative trait loci have been carried out for resistance of P. fulvum to pea weevil, powdery mildew and rust and for resistance of P. sativum subsp. elatius to broomrape, bacterial blight and ascochyta blight. Aryamanesh et al. (2012) obtained five introgression lines with pea weevil resistance transferred from P. fulvum to P. sativum. The practical use of wild peas is hampered by insufficient awareness of their diversity and differences from cultivated peas. Studies of useful traits of wild peas and their natural diversity, which is rapidly vanishing, should be intensified.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that different fractions of C. sativum possess antioxidant activity in the brain and WF and EAF of this plant have anticonvulsant effects.
Abstract: Objective: In the present work, the effects of different fractions of Coriandrum sativum (C. sativum), on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures and brain tissues oxidative damage were investigated in rats. Materials and Methods: The rats were divided into the following groups: (1) vehicle, (2) PTZ (90 mg/kg), (3) water fraction (WF) of C. sativum (25 and 100 mg/kg), (4) n-butanol fraction (NBF) of C. sativum (25 and 100 mg/kg), and (5) ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of C. sativum (25 and 100 mg/kg). Results: The first generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) latency in groups treated with 100 mg /kg of WF or EAF was significantly higher than that of PTZ group (p< 0.01). In contrast to WF, the EAF and NBF were not effective in increasing the first minimal clonic seizure (MCS) latency. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in both cortical and hippocampal tissues of PTZ group were significantly higher than those of control animals (p< 0.001). Pretreatment with WF, NBF, or EAF resulted in a significant reduction in the MDA levels of hippocampi (pConclusion: The present study showed that different fractions of C. sativum possess antioxidant activity in the brain and WF and EAF of this plant have anticonvulsant effects.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 2016
TL;DR: The present study suggests that besides related Allium species, A. sativum ‘CBT-As153’ can be used as a potential donor of FBR resistance for genetic improvement of onion and garlic in India.
Abstract: Fusarium basal rot (FBR) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (FOC) is a highly destructive soil borne disease incurring heavy damage in pre and post harvest onion and garlic crops worldwide. Only a few onion lines exhibit partial resistance against the pathogen and there is a need for identification of more effective resistance sources for use in breeding programmes. Selected sets of wild onion and garlic accession and seven related Allium species were screened for resistance to Fusarium basal rot using three FOC isolates. FOC infection revealed significant variation among the evaluated Allium species (at P = 0.001). A. sativum accession ‘CBT-As153’ showed high level of resistance to each isolate while A. cepa accession ‘CBT-Ac77’ exhibited intermediate resistance. Among related Allium species, A. fistulosum, A. roylei and A. schoenoprasum were highly resistant, A. tuberosum had mixed response while A. griffithianum was susceptible. Further, the root density of Allium species negatively correlated with disease incidence for different FOC isolates. Thus, the present study suggests that besides related Allium species, A. sativum ‘CBT-As153’ can be used as a potential donor of FBR resistance for genetic improvement of onion and garlic in India.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results showed that extract of C. sativum has good effect against H. nana and could be use in traditional medicine for treatment of parasitic disease.
Abstract: Phytotherapy can be an alternative for the control of gastrointestinal parasites in human and animals. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is a medicinal plant which grown as a spice crop all over the world. The seeds of this plant have been used to treat parasitic disease, indigestion, diabetes, rheumatism and pain in the joints. This study was carried out to compare the efficacy of Niclosamid and alcoholic seed extract of C. sativum on Hymenolepis nana infection, in vivo and vitro. For in vivo study, Balb/c mice were used, to compare the efficacy of 50 mg/kg body weight (B.W) of Niclosamid with different doses of alcoholic extracts of C. sativum (250, 500, and 750 mg/kg B.W). It was found that the efficacy of Niclosamid had reached 100 % after 11 days post treatment, while the efficacy of 500 and 750 mg/kg B.W of C. sativum reached to 100 % after 15 days after treatment. For in vitro study, special nutrient broth media was used. It was found that the addition of 1000 mg/ml of Niclosamid had paralyzed and killed worms within 5 min, while C. sativum killed them within 30 min. Our results showed that extract of C. sativum has good effect against H. nana and could be use in traditional medicine for treatment of parasitic disease.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity present in twelve Algerian pea genotypes using 24 agro-morphological traits and revealed the presence of a great genetic variability for all characters studied.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity present in twelve Algerian pea genotypes using 24 agro-morphological traits. The experiment was carried out during three growing seasons (2013 to 2014, 2014 to 2015 and 2015 to 2016). ANOVA analysis revealed the presence of a great genetic variability for all characters studied. This diversity might be used in breeding programs. Also, expression of characteristics is highly influenced by the environment. For quantitative traits, correlation studies showed that weight of 100 seeds was significantly and positively correlated with leaflet length. Number of pods per 1 m² has a positive significant correlation with leaflet width. Weight of pods per 1 m² was correlated with three characters: Stipule length, leaflet length and leaflet width. The principal component analysis revealed that three components explained 85.92% of variation. Two groups were noted by dendrogram. The first group (demchi 1, p069, bouch1, p539, p593, p595 and p596) was characterized by a high pod yield; the other group comprises the less productive genotypes (p071, sefrou, p072, p073 and p350). Otherwise, the genotype p593 produced the best results for pods yield. Key words: Genetic diversity, agro-morphological traits, field pea, Pisum sativum L.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a field experiment as split plot factorial based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications was conducted in 2014 to investigate the effects of fertilizer and salicylic acid on growth, chlorophyll content and grain yield of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) plants under drought stress.
Abstract: Salicylic acid (SA) is a phyto-hormone that regulates physiological and biological processes in plants and can be used to improve plant growth under different environmental conditions, including water stress. Thus, a field experiment as split plot factorial based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications was conducted in 2014 to investigate the effects of fertilizer and salicylic acid on growth, chlorophyll content and grain yield of coriander ( Coriandrum sativum L.) plants under drought stress. Treatments were three levels of water supply (irrigation after 60, 90 and 120 mm evaporation from class A pan) and four levels of fertilizer application (control, 100 kg ha -1 Urea, Nitrokara (biofertilizer) and 50% Urea + Nitrokara) and foliar spray of salicylic acid (0 and 1 mM). Results indicated that water deficit had a significant reduction effect on leaf area, chlorophyll content, fresh weight of root and leaf and grain yield. Salicylic acid and 50% Urea + Nitrokara resulted in a significant increase of all traits under stress and well watering conditions. Although highest amount of studied traits was observed in plants treated with SA or application of 50% Urea and Nitrokara under well watering, but the changes rate was higher under stress conditions. Therefore, salicylic acid and combination of urea and Nitrokara can be used to promote growth of coriander under different water availabilities, which ultimately can enhance field performance of this plant.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is confirmed that the agroinfiltration can be used to perform functional analyses of salivary proteins in P. sativum and consequently to study the molecular mechanisms underlying host specialization in the pea aphid complex.
Abstract: Aphids are piercing-sucking insect pests and feed on phloem sap. During feeding, aphids inject a battery of salivary proteins into host plant. Some of these proteins function like effectors of microbial pathogens and influence the outcome of plant-aphid interactions. The pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) is the model aphid and encompasses multiple biotypes each specialized to one or a few legume species, providing an opportunity to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the compatibility between plants and aphid biotypes. We aim to identify the aphid factors that determine the compatibility with host plants, hence involved in the host plant specialization process, and hypothesize that salivary proteins are one of those factors. Agrobacterium-mediated transient gene expression is a powerful tool to perform functional analyses of effector (salivary) proteins in plants. However, the tool was not established for the legume species that A. pisum feeds on. Thus, we decided to optimize the method for legume plants to facilitate the functional analyses of A. pisum salivary proteins. We screened a range of cultivars of pea (Pisum sativum) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa). None of the M. sativa cultivars was suitable for agroinfiltration under the tested conditions; however, we established a protocol for efficient transient gene expression in two cultivars of P. sativum, ZP1109 and ZP1130, using A. tumefaciens AGL-1 strain and the pEAQ-HT-DEST1 vector. We confirmed that the genes are expressed from 3 to 10 days post-infiltration and that aphid lines of the pea adapted biotype fed and reproduced on these two cultivars while lines of alfalfa and clover biotypes did not. Thus, the pea biotype recognizes these two cultivars as typical pea plants. By using a combination of ZP1109 and an A. pisum line, we defined an agroinfiltration procedure to examine the effect of in planta expression of selected salivary proteins on A. pisum fitness and demonstrated that transient expression of one candidate salivary gene increased the fecundity of the aphids. This result confirms that the agroinfiltration can be used to perform functional analyses of salivary proteins in P. sativum and consequently to study the molecular mechanisms underlying host specialization in the pea aphid complex.


Journal ArticleDOI
23 Jul 2016
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the production of NO and H2O2 in Pisum sativum, as well as micro/macro elements uptake after uranium addition, and showed that the reduction of NO induced by U in the present work could contribute to the accumulation of ROS and oxidative stress.
Abstract: Environmental contamination by radionuclides particularly uranium is a serious problem at many contaminated sites worldwide. In our present report, we explored production of NO and H2O2 in Pisum sativum, as well as micro/macro elements uptake after uranium addition. Hydroponically grown plants (in amended Hoagland medium) were treated with two different concentration of uranium ([U]=25 and 50 μM respectively) for 5 days. Plants showed a decrease in NO production in [U]=50 μM treatments in both root/ leaves by DAF-2DA staining in comparison to control. On the other hand, production of H2O2 was enhanced in both root/leaves after treatment with [U]=50 μM in comparison to control by DCF-DA staining. Uptake of Fe, K, P, S, and Cu was higher in roots than in shoots. Only Ca uptake was higher in shoots rather than roots in all plants with or without U treatment. Mg and Zn was also higher in shoots of [U] =50 μM treated plants. U accumulation was also higher in roots rather than shoots. Our observation suggests U severely disturbed the nutritional status of P. sativum, a situation that could induce alterations in cell metabolism and thereby stunt growth. Other negative effect of U on plant growth paralleled the observed increase of H2O2 and oxidative damage to root and leaves membranes of P. sativum plants, suggesting that oxidative stress is involved in the toxic mechanism of U. Therefore, the reduction of NO induced by U in the present work could contribute to the accumulation of ROS and oxidative stress.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Overall, dual inoculation of AMF and Rhizobium with 75% soil-test-based N and P dose in pea has great potential in enhancing pea productivity, profitability, and nutrient use efficiency besides saving about 25% fertilizer N andP without impairing pea Productivity in Himalayan acid Alfisol.
Abstract: Field experimentation was conducted at Palampur, India during 2011–2012 in an acid Alfisol to quantify the influence of integrated use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Rhizobium and inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on growth, productivity, profitability, and nutrient use efficiencies in garden pea (Pisum sativum L.). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) replicated thrice comprising 13 treatments involving AMF (Glomus mosseae), Rhizobium (R. leguminosarum), and inorganic N and P fertilizers. The results revealed that dual inoculation of pea seed with AMF and Rhizobium enhanced the plant height, leaf area index, and dry matter accumulation significantly by 19.4 and 13.1, 10.7 and 10.7, and 16.6 and 16.7%, respectively at 60 and 120 days after sowing (DAS). Similarly, dual inoculation exhibited significant respective increases of 9.5 and 14.6% in absolute and crop growth rates over generalized recommended NP potassium (K) dose (GRD) during 60–120 DAS. The dual i...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicate that the ethanol extracts of A. cepa and A. sativum have anthelmintic properties which should be investigated further to support the ethnoveterinary use of the plants as anthel Mintics for control and treatment of worm infestation in dogs.
Abstract: Prevalence of animal diseases is one of the major livestock production constraints in Kenya with high impacts on livelihoods due to related economic losses affecting food security in the country. The use of synthetic drugs for disease management has challenges. This makes the use of medicinal plants for treatment a rational alternative. Ascarids, Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum are among the most frequently observed helminth parasites in dogs in Kenya. The two parasites are also known to cause helminthiasis in human beings. This study was designed to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of ethanol and aqueous extracts from bulbs of A. sativum and A. cepa and from leaves of J. curcas against T. canis and A. caninum parasites. Six (6) extracts from three (3) plants: A. cepa, A. sativum and J. curcas were selected for in vitro anthelmintic screening by measuring ability to inhibit hatching and development of eggs and survival of larvae in vitro. The ethanol extracts of A. cepa inhibited hatching of 100% of eggs of A. caninum between 10,000 and 2,500 ug/ml and 100% of eggs of T. canis between 10,000 and 1,250 ug/ml while that of A. sativum inhibited hatching of 100% of A. caninum eggs between 10,000 and 5,000 ug/ml. However the ethanol extract of A. sativum did not have the same effect on the development of T. canis eggs at these concentrations. The ethanol extracts of both A. cepa and A. sativum affected the survival of 100% of A. caninum larvae at a concentration of 156 ug/ml and above. The water extracts of the three plants had moderate effects on the eggs and the larvae of both parasites. The results indicate that the ethanol extracts of A. cepa and A. sativum have anthelmintic properties which should be investigated further to support the ethnoveterinary use of the plants as anthelmintics for control and treatment of worm infestation in dogs. Key words: Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Anthelmintic activity, Ancylostoma caninum, Jatropha curcas Toxocara canis.