Showing papers on "Sawdust published in 1980"
TL;DR: In this article, the mechanical properties of sawdust concrete are investigated by conducting compression, flexural, tensile and bond pull-out tests and the factors controlling the strength of concrete are discussed briefly.
35 citations
Patent•
24 Nov 1980
TL;DR: In this paper, an improved synthetic fire log is described which contains wood fibers or sawdust, coal liquid, molasses and paraffin wax in appropriate quantities. But the wood fibers are not included.
Abstract: An improved synthetic fire log is disclosed which contains wood fibers or sawdust, coal liquid, molasses and paraffin wax in appropriate quantities. Green sawdust is first heated to a temperature of from 250 to 300 degrees F. to reduce the moisture content thereof and provide relatively dry sawdust. To the dry sawdust is added a quantity of coal liquid while the sawdust is at an elevated temperature of at least 200 degrees F. Next, molasses is added to the sawdust, coal liquid combination while the combination is in a temperature range of from 115-150 degrees F. Thereafter, paraffin wax in block form is added while the foregoing mixture is at an elevated temperature at least sufficient to melt the paraffin. Upon thorough incorporation of the materials, the resulting mixture is poured into a mold and compressed to form a stable, solid, compacted mass after which the mass is removed from the mold thus forming an improved synthetic fire log.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the gamma irradiation was used for the treatment of by-products, such as sunflower hulls and sawdust, which do not respond appreciably to other physical and chemical treatments.
20 citations
TL;DR: The Casuarina sawdust-PMMA-composites had high compressive strength depending on the content of polymer and its distribution in the composite, while the reverse was true in the presence of sawdust as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The technique of polymerizing methyl methacrylate (MMA) in water using sodium bisulphite as initiator in presence of various substances and metal powders was extended to Casuarina sawdust which was used either without or after being washed with water or solvents. The percentage of conversion of monomer to polymer increased with increase of Casuarina sawdust and with increase of temperature. In absence of sawdust, the average molecular weights of the polymers obtained increased with increasing concentration of sodium bisulphite initiator under the studied conditions, while the reverse was true in the presence of sawdust. Some of the Casuarina sawdust-PMMA-composites prepared had high compressive strength depending on the content of polymer and its distribution in the composite.
Die mit Natriumhydrogensulfit initiierte Polymerisation von Methylmethacrylat wurde im wasserigen Medium in Gegenwart und in Abwesenheit von Holzpulver ausgefuhrt. In Abwesenheit von Holzpulver nahmen die mittleren Molekulargewichte der entsprechenden Polymeren mit steigender Initiatorkonzentration zu, in Gegenwart von Holzpulver nahmen sie ab. Einige Holzpulver-PMMA-Kombinationen wiesen hohe Druckfestigkeiten auf.
10 citations
Patent•
13 Jun 1980
TL;DR: In this article, a solid formed fuel similar to charcoal and free from problems of emitting smoke and ill odor, by kneading crushed petroleum coke, charcoal powder, and a binder at specific ratios, and forming and calcining the mixture to remove the volatile components.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To prepare a solid formed fuel similar to charcoal and free from problems of emitting smoke and ill odor, by kneading crushed petroleum coke, charcoal powder, and a binder at specific ratios, and forming and calcining the mixture to remove the volatile components. CONSTITUTION: 80W50pts.wt. of A petroleum coke powder crushed to ≥14 mesh, pref. ≥60 mesh, is mixed with 20W50pts.wt. of charcoal powder (carbonized and powdered bark, wood chips, sawdust, etc.) to obtain 100pts.wt. of the mixture, which is mixed with 2.5W10pts.wt of a binder and formed. The formed product is carbonized in an inert or weakly oxidative atmosphere at 500W800°C for 3W60min to remove almost all water content and about 10W50% of the volatile components which vaporize at ≤500°C and obtain the objective solid fuel. EFFECT: The fuel thus obtained has excellent ignitability, high calorific value, little residual ash after combustion, and longer combustion time than charcoal. COPYRIGHT: (C)1982,JPO&Japio
8 citations
Patent•
26 Nov 1980
TL;DR: In this paper, a carbofurane-containing plant-protecting compositions with improved plant growth accelerating properties were described. But they did not specify the type of corn-cob, corn-stalk, or sawdust derived from broad leaved trees.
Abstract: The invention relates to carbofurane-containing plant protecting compositions. More particularly, the invention concerns insecticide compositions with improved plant growth accelerating properties, containing 1 to 50% by weight of 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-7-benzofuranol methylcarbamate optionally along with usual amounts of additives conventionally used in the manufacture of plant protecting compositions, which comprises 50 to 99% by weight of a carrier granulate prepared by partial hydrolysis of vegetable waste matters, preferably corn-cob, corn-stalk, chopped wood or sawdust derived from broad leaved trees, rice hull, read or broaken reed, known per se.
7 citations
Patent•
11 Apr 1980
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method to obtain a solid fuel capable of releasing a high calorific value with slight formation of carbon monoxide and ash, by baking and carbonizing primary wastes comprising vegetable cellulose in a kiln into fine powder, by compression molding a mixture of the powder and a combustion improver kneaded in a kneader.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a solid fuel capable of releasing a high calorific value with slight formation of carbon monoxide and ash, by baking and carbonizing primary wastes comprising vegetable cellulose in a kiln into fine powder, by compression molding a mixture of the powder and a combustion improver kneaded in a kneader. CONSTITUTION:Primary wastes, e.g. old newspapers, magazines, and corrugated boards comprising vegetable cellulose, are cut to small pieces, or chaff, large sawdust, or straws are cut to a size of 1-10cm, baked in a kiln, and carbonized into fine powder. The carbonized wastes are kneaded with a combustion improver, e.g. lead acetate or potassium nitrate, and a binder e.g. carbide dust formed in preparing carbide, and water, then compression molded to give a solid fuel of desired shape. Sludeges comprising large amounts of fiber waster or wood parts from paper mills may be used as the raw materials.
6 citations
Patent•
07 Apr 1980
TL;DR: A culture medium capable of giving a good yield of fruit bodies of basidiomycetes, e.g. artificial champignons, edible fungi family Strophariaceae, and shiitake mushrooms, comprising sawdust, rice bran, and a relatively small amount of a nutrient, such as whisky less, was described in this paper.
Abstract: PURPOSE:A culture medium capable of giving a good yield of fruit bodies of basidiomycetes, e.g. artificial champignons, edible fungi family Strophariaceae, and shiitake mushrooms, comprising sawdust, rice bran, and a relatively small amount of a nutrient, e.g. whisky less. CONSTITUTION:A culture medium comprising sawdust, rice bran, and a relatively small amount of one or more types of nutrients (A) whisky less after fermentation of barley, wheat, or corn, (B) whisky less obtained from milos, (C) processed bagasse which is prepared by absorbing molasses and drying, and (D) beer less after fermentation of malt. In the case of the sawdust and rice bran in a 1l bottle, the artificial champignon is cultured to give an average yield of 65-75g. The addition of the nutrient gives high-quality champignons with blackish brown pilei in an improved average yield of 90-100g.
5 citations
Patent•
31 Mar 1980
TL;DR: In this article, a finely ground solid waste product, for example straw, sawdust, refuse, is added to the substrate - slurry or sewage sludge - in order to increase the C/N ratio to at least 5:1.
Abstract: A finely ground solid waste product, for example straw, sawdust, refuse, is added to the substrate - slurry or sewage sludge - in order to increase the C/N ratio to at least 5:1. The mixture is mixed intensively and continuously and aerated by a suction effect; as a result, a fermentation temperature of 25 to 40 DEG C and an oxygen content of at least 0.4 mg/l in the liquid are ensured. The product can be used as fertiliser or as feedstuff.
5 citations
Patent•
22 May 1980
TL;DR: In this article, a culture medium for fungus mycellia is prepared by mixing sawdust, as the major component with calcined and uncalcined gypsum, thus promoting the spread of fungus mycellsia to shorten the cultivation period and increase the production.
Abstract: PURPOSE:A culture medium for fungus mycellia is prepared by mixing sawdust, as the major component with calcined and uncalcined gypsum, thus promoting the spread of fungus mycellia to shorten the cultivation period and increase the production. CONSTITUTION:To a culture medium consisting of sawdust and rice bran where the mixing volume ratio is 3:1-12:1 are added 5-20% by wt. of gypsum and calcined gypsum, then water is added to the composition so that the water content after sterilization becomes 62-65wt%.
4 citations
Patent•
27 Nov 1980
TL;DR: Insecticidal compositions with improved plant growth accelerating properties, containing 1 to 50% by weight of 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranol methyl carbamate and 50 to 99 % by weight a granular carrier prepared by partial hydrolysis of waste vegetable matter, such as corn cobs, corn stalks, wood pieces or sawdust derived from broad leaved trees, rice hulls, reeds or broken reeds as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Insecticidal compositions with improved plant growth accelerating properties, containing 1 to 50% by weight of 2,3-dihydro-2,2- dimethyl-7-benzofuranol methylcarbamate and 50 to 99 % by weight of a granular carrier prepared by partial hydrolysis of waste vegetable matter, such as corn cobs, corn stalks, wood pieces or sawdust derived from broad leaved trees, rice hulls, reeds or broken reeds. Conven- tioned additives used in plant protecting compositions may also be present.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, low-cost potting mixes containing sawdust, Nitrolime, and Floranid were evaluated as possible growing media for bedding plants and vegetable seedlings.
Abstract: Low-cost potting mixes containing sawdust, Nitrolime, and Floranid were evaluated as possible growing media for bedding plants and vegetable seedlings. Plants of all varieties grown in peat/sand media consistently performed better than those grown in peat/sand/sawdust. Nitrogen immobilisation in the sawdust-based medium was probably the reason for the reduced growth. The peat/sand/Osmocote combination was significantly better than any other medium/fertiliser combination for lettuce, polyanthus, and silverbeet (dry weight). The peat/sand/sawdust/Osmocote combination, although producing less foliage growth than the former, promoted more foliage growth than the other medium/fertiliser combination for lettuce, cabbage, and silverbeet (visual rating) and for lettuce, polyanthus, and silverbeet (dry weight). Plants grown with Osmocote (14:6:12) consistently outperformed those grown with the other two fertilisers.
Patent•
29 Jan 1980
TL;DR: In this paper, a low-cost adsorbent comprising sawdust was used to separate and purify crude urokinase derived from human urine, using an easily available, low cost adaption consisting of sawdust.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To separate and purify crude urokinase originated from human urine, using an easily available, low-cost adsorbent comprising sawdust. CONSTITUTION:Pure urokinase is separated from human urine or crude urokinase derived therefrom, using an adsorbent comprising sawdust or a modified sawdust obtained by introducing diaminohexane, etc. to sawdust. The adsorbent specifically adsorbs a urokinase component having an estimated molecular weight of 50,000, and the adsorbed urokinase can be easily eluted with a dilute saline water or a buffer solution having specific ionic strength. The impurities in the urokinase can be reduced to several thousandth by the treatment. Preferably, the saw dust is produced from a tree of low rosin-content (e.g. low-terpene tree).
Journal Article•
01 May 1980
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a novel reactor system that allows a wide range of forest residues ranging from sawdust to wood chips to be gasified at high throughput without preprocessing techniques such as grinding or pelletizing.
Abstract: Two novel developments have the potential to reduce the cost of gas from forest residues or other biomass materials. The first of these is the finding that wood ash itself enhances wood's gasification reactivity. The second development is the application of a novel reactor system that allows a wide range of forest residues ranging from sawdust to wood chips to be gasified at high throughputs without preprocessing techniques such as grinding or pelletizing. Results of a preliminary cost evaluation indicate that a clean transportable gas suitable for either chemical synthesis or fuel can be produced at a cost competitive with other clean fuels.
Patent•
28 Jul 1980
TL;DR: In this article, a culture medium for seeds of edible fungi capable of giving results similar to those of sawdust media, and growing hyphae well, comprising agar residues and sawdust.
Abstract: PURPOSE:A culture medium for seeds of edible fungi capable of giving results similar to those of sawdust media, and growing hyphae well, comprising agar residues and sawdust. CONSTITUTION:Sawdust is mixed with 30-40wt% of residues obtained by extracting agar constituents from red algae, e.g. agar-agars or Gracilaria verrucosa, and an inorganic substance, e.g. dipotassium hydrogenphosphate, magnesium sulfate, or peptone, which has been used in a nutrient medium, and a necessary amount of an organic substance. The mixture is then contained in a heat-resistant plastic bag, and sterilized.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Alcohol extracts of either deciduous or coniferous wood were inhibitory to methanogenesis from either mixed cultures or from M. formicicum.
Abstract: Mixed cultures of anaerobic bacteria fermented both coniferous and deciduous wood sawdust concomitant CH4 production. A consistently greater lag in methanogenesis was observed on coniferous than on deciduous wood. Arabinose, glucose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose, and xylose when added to enrichment cultures had either no effect or a slight stimulation of CH4 production in the absence of added CH4 precursors (AcO-HCO2-, CO2, and H). In the presence of added precursors arabinose, rhamnose, and xylose stimulated mixed culture methanogenesis, but xylose retarded methanogenesis in pure cultures of Methanobacterium formicicum. Alcohol extracts of either deciduous or coniferous wood were inhibitory to methanogenesis from either mixed cultures or from M. formicicum.
Patent•
02 Dec 1980
TL;DR: In this article, the basicity CaO/SiO2 of the resulting pellets is adjusted to 0.7-2 to render the pellets self-fluxing, and by blending about 0.5-2 MgO the softening and fusion bonding properties of the pellets at high temps. are improved.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To manufacture fired pellets contg. FeO reduced to a predetermined amount or less and having proper porosity, superior crushing strength and superior reducibility for a blast furnace by adding a combustible substance to starting material iron ore in a specified ratio. CONSTITUTION:To iron ore starting material is added 0.5-8% by dry wt. of sawdust, brown coal or the like which has a diameter of 2mm or less and is ignited and burned at 400 deg.C or below, and a binder such as bentonite and water are further added by an adequate amount. They are mixed and pelletized. At this time, by adding an adequate amount of CaO together with iron ore the basicity CaO/SiO2 of the resulting pellets is adjusted to 0.7-2 to render the pellets self-fluxing, and by blending about 0.5-2.7% MgO the softening and fusion bonding properties of the pellets at high temps. are improved. The raw pellets are then prefired at about 800 deg.C to remove 90% or more of the sawdust or the like by burning, and they are fired at 1230-1350 deg.C to obtain pellets contg. FeO<=1% and having a porosity of 30% or more, superior reducibility and superior crushing strength.
Patent•
15 May 1980
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed to obtain an inexpensive readily preparable feed, by mixing fine powder of dried wood and bamboos, with dried powder of human feces, and kneaded with water to form a feed.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain an inexpensive readily preparable feed, by mixing fine powder of dried wood and bamboos, with dried powder of human feces. CONSTITUTION:Wood, e.g. oak, chinquapin, pine, or sugi, and bamboos are crushed or ground to give sawdust powder or small pieces which are dried thoroughly and pulverized. The powder is kneaded with water to form a feed. Alternatively, human feces which are heat-treated, sterilized, dried and pulverized, are mixed with the fine powder thus obtained to afford a feed.
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: In this paper, a scheme for a scaled-up acid hydrolysis-fermentation distillation facility based on a waste cellulose feedstock to produce fuel-grade ethanol is proposed.
Abstract: The continuous dilute acid hydrolysis of waste cellulose materials (paper pulp and wood sawdust at 10 and 95% solids, respectively) to glucose in a twin screw reactor gave high conversion yields and good energy efficiencies. A scheme for a scaled-up acid hydrolysis-fermentation distillation facility based on a waste cellulose feedstock to produce fuel-grade ethanol is proposed.
01 Dec 1980
TL;DR: In this paper, the abundance of cellulosic-based wastes was reviewed by section of the country and type which includes: wood wastes, municipal wastes and manures, and the most promising waste conversion processes now under consideration, pyrolysis, liquefaction, and hydrolysis were selected for preliminary laboratory screening.
Abstract: The abundance of cellulosic-based wastes was reviewed by section of the country and type which includes: wood wastes, municipal wastes and manures. Of the most promising waste conversion processes now under consideration, pyrolysis, liquefaction, and hydrolysis were selected for preliminary laboratory screening. Model wastes for this study included several pyrolysis oils, paper, sawdust and dried cow manure. Distillate oils produced during wood waste pyrolysis (WPO) served best as precursors of products that approximated bitumens and highly viscous fluids.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of diammonium phosphate on sawdust-polymethylmethacrylate composites was examined and an interesting correlation was found between the mass burning rates of the composites and the extent of char formation during thermal degradation.
Abstract: High Energy Solids Laboratory, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry,The effect of diammonium phosphate has been examined on sawdust-polymethylmethacrylate composites. It has been observed that the char formation depends on the distribution of DAP in sawdust and polymethylmethacrylate. An interesting correlation was found between the mass burning rates of the composites and the extent of char formation during thermal degradation.
Patent•
26 Feb 1980
TL;DR: In this article, a mat made from wood chips or sawdust with a binder is used to improve the smoking efficiency of a domestic smoking material, where the material is in the form of a disc or square plate, and comprises a plurality of through-holes.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To improve the smoking efficiency, by using a mat formed from wood chips or sawdust with a binder. CONSTITUTION:The wood pieces 1, e.g. sawdust or chips are about 10mm square consist of hickory, cherry, or Japanese oak, and formed into a mat with a binder, e.g. a starchy paste, comprising a substance similar to the pieces 1, to give the domestic smoking material 2. The material 2 is in the form of a disc or square plate, and comprises a plurality of through-holes 3. The holes 3 provide the control of the material 2 placed on the heating plate to give thoroughly smoked products, and the binder conducts the heat through the material 2 to improve the smoking efficiency.
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: In this article, the kinetics of the delignification of birch sawdust with 6% HNO/sub 3/ or HNO sub 3/ followed by treatment with 2% NaOH at 60-90 degrees were analyzed.
Abstract: Equations were derived for describing the kinetics of the delignification of birch sawdust with 6% HNO/sub 3/ or HNO/sub 3/ followed by treatment with 2% NaOH at 60-90 degrees. The HNO/sub 3/ delignification of birch sawdust was characterized by kinetic arrest of delignification which was peculiar to solid-phase reactions. The single-stage and 2-stage delignification rate consists of birch sawdust increased 4-and 2.5-fold, respectively, with increasing temperature. A single-stage and 2-stage activation energies of delignification of sawdust were 11 kcal/mol respectively.