Showing papers on "Sawdust published in 1983"

Effects of outside storage on the energy potential of hardwood particulate fuels: part 1. Moisture content and temperature

Abstract: Widespread use of woody materials for industrial fuels has generated interest and concern about the energy value of fuels stored outdoors. This paper reports on the effect of storage for periods up to 1 year on the temperature and moisture content (MC) of wood particulate fuels in cone-shaped piles according to the type of fuel and height of pile. Three fuels - hardwood whole-tree chips, bark, and sawdust - were stored in piles 10, 15, and 20 feet high. The experimental piles were built during the late summer of 1978 at the Union Camp woodyard in Ford, Virginia. Internal pile temperatures rose rapidly during the first weeks to highs of 45 degrees C for whole-tree chips and 73 degrees C for bark and sawdust. In the bark and chip piles these temperatures fluctuated seasonally. The interior temperature of the sawdust pile was insensitive to ambient temperature changes and declined slowly throughout the remainder of the study. Within the first 60 to 120 days of storage, the surfaces of all piles became saturated with moisture. The interior zones of the bark and sawdust piles remained at or slightly above the original MC while the corresponding regions of the chip pile exhibitedmore » some drying. After 1 year's time, the weighted average MCs of chips, bark, and sawdust increased by 84, 108, and 191 percent, respectively, over the original MCs. To minimize increases of MC in stored woody fuels, storage time should be kept to less than 60 days, chips should be preferred to bark and sawdust, and piles should be built as high as possible consistent with available space and storage procedures which limit the potential for spontaneous combustion.« less

Solubilisation and hydrolysis of carbohydrates

Abstract: A process for the modification, solubilisation and/or hydrolysis of a glycosidically linked carbohydrate using a mixture comprising water, an inorganic acid and a hydrated halide of aluminium. The process is particularly useful for converting cellulose (derived for example from waste paper, wood or sawdust) or starch to glucose. The preferred inorganic acid is hydrochloric acid and the hydrated halide is preferably aluminium chloride hexahydrate.

Polyurethane foam from cellulosic products

Abstract: A polyurethane foam can be made from waste cellulosic products such as papermill sludge, wood chips, wood particles, sawdust, waste paper or cardboard scraps. The polyurethane foam is made by reacting together a polyisocyanate, a catalyst, and a cellulosic material.

Hypha mass of basidiomycetes or wood for growing mushroom or their preparations

Abstract: PURPOSE:To prepare a wood for growing mushroom to which a hypha mass or mycelium of a germanium-assimilating Basidiomycetes with a high content of germanium is actively attached, by inoculating a seed mold of Basidiomycetes into a mold floor or a raw wood in the presence of a germanium compound, cultivating it under aerated conditions. CONSTITUTION:A seed mold of Basidiomycetes selected from the group consisting of the genus Ganoderma, Elfvingia, Laetiporus, Polyozellus, Lenzites, Inocybe, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis, and Grifola is inoculated into a mold floor consisting of at least sawdust and/or rice bran or a raw wood such as a Japanese beech or a Japanese oak in the presence of an inorganic and/or organic germanium compound such as germanium dioxide, 3-hydroxygermylpropionic acid, etc., cultivated under aerated conditions at about 25-27 deg.C for 40-50 days, and a mycelium of Basidiomycetes is generated and grown while the germanium compound is being assimilated and absorbed.

Preparation of mixed fuel

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide a mixed fuel having a stabilized high calorific value, by mixing sawdust, waste materials for plywood, chips, barking wastes, droppings, and other flammable wastes with oil sludge in a ratio within a particular range and, if necessary, in a pellet form CONSTITUTION:(A) Sawdust, waste materials for plywood, chips, barking wastes, droppings, and other flammable wastes are added to oil sludge and mixed with stirring (B) Mixing is made with stirring in a ratio of 30-50wt% sawdust, etc relative to 50-70wt% oil sludge (C) 10-30wt% droppings, etc also may be added to said mixt (D) Said mixt may be in a pellet form By carrying out aforementioned steps, mixed fuel having a stabilized high calorific value is yielded

Powdered spacer located between glass panes - obtd. using aq. suspension of wood sawdust which forms adherent layer preventing the panes from damaging each other

Abstract: A powder is dispersed in water to make an aq suspension, which is used to cover the surface of glass sheets etc and allowed to dry so it forms a uniform and adherent layer of the powder on the glass The powder is pref sawdust; and 1-100 g of sawdust is dispersed in 1 litre of water to make the suspension The suspension pref contains an inhibitor which prevents the colouration of the glass, esp 01-5% of one or more alkyl-tin halides, esp trimethyl-tin chloride, dimethyl-tin dichloride, and/or methyl-tin trichloride The powdered spacer is pref used between sheets of glass forming a stack, where 1 kg of sawdust covers 4,095-5,120 sqm The wood sawdust prevents the glass sheets etc from making contact with each other and creating scratches etc

Cultivation base for mushroom

Abstract: PURPOSE:An inexpensive and high-quality cultivation base for mushroom having ventilation and nutrient fittest for the growth of mushroom hypha, comprising a compost as a component obtained by mixing an organic waste with chaff, followed by subjecting it aerobic fermentation. CONSTITUTION:An organic waste alone such as sewerage sludge recovered from a sewage disposal plant, etc., waste from stock raising or its mixture is blended with a proper amount of chaff, and cultivated aerobically to give a compost having a ratio of C/N of 20-60, preferably about 30. It is used alone or the compost is blended with >=1/2 volume based on total amount of sawdust or mixture of sawdust and rice bran, to give a cultivation base, whose C/N ratio is adjusted to 20-60, preferably about 30.

Preparation of basidiomycetes

Abstract: PURPOSE:To prepare a Basidiomycetes having improved medicinal effect in a short time, by adding a Ge composition having a prolonged effect to a medium of a Basidiomycetes belonging to the family Polyporaceae, making it assimilate and absorb the composition. CONSTITUTION:A Ge composition containing a Ge compound(e.g., GeO2) is added to a medium consisting of sawdust, rice bran, water, slaked lime, a vitamin, an amino acid, inorganic substance, etc., they are put in a flexible synthetic resin bag having an opening top part, raw wood is placed on the medium, sealed up hermetically, and the bag is sterilized under heating. The closed opening part is opened, a Basidiomycetes belonging to the family Polyproraceae is added to the medium under sterile conditions, the opening part is provided with a sterile filter, and the Basidiomycetes is cultivated at 25-27 deg.C under aeration for 40-50 days to give wood for cultivating the Basidiomycetes to which mycelum mass or mycelia are attached actively. The wood for cultivating the Basidiomycetes is buried in soil with the top of the wood left on the ground, porous earth and sand are piled on the top of the wood, it is placed in a plastic green house which is kept at 30-33 deg.C under a RH of about 80%, it is germinated 14-21 days after the start of the cultivation, and a fruit body is collected in 50-60 days.