Showing papers on "Sawdust published in 1989"

Changes of organic constituents of crop residues and poultry wastes during fermentation for biogas production.

Abstract: Rice straw, maize, and cotton stalks and poultry droppings, both as such and with either wheat straw litter or sawdust litter, were used as substrates for biogasification. Water slurry combinations, each containing a crop residue and a type of poultry wastes, were prepared to achieve a uniform C/N ratio 30∶1 (w/w) and a total solids content 10% (w/v). Biogas generated and its methane component, as well as changes brought about in the major organic constituents of the feedstocks, were monitored in laboratory biogas digesters for 90 days at 35°C. The maximum cumulative volumes of biogas and methane, were respectively 30 and 14 l/l with rice straw plus wheat straw poultry droppings. The minimum volumes were 15 l biogas/l with cotton stalks + sawdust poultry droppings and 8 l methane/l with rice straw + sawdust poultry droppings. Rice straw combinations gave the highest rates of volatile solids disappearance, short-chain fatty acid formation, and NH4 -N liberation. No consistent trend among the poultry wastes mixed with each crop residue was evident. Changes in water-soluble substances, protein, fats, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin depended on the components of each feedstock mixture.

Preparation of chemically dried cellulosic fuel

Abstract: Wood chips, bark, sawdust and other cellulosic products containing unacceptably high quantities of water are dried and enriched in BTU content. The green or freshly cut wood product is immersed in hot oil to dry the wood. After water exits the wood pores as steam, some oil enters these interstices, impregnating the dried wood, thereby increasing its BTU content and improves its storing and burning characteristics. Chips and bark dried in and impregnated with used or waste oil, provide an environmentally acceptable means of disposing of and utilizing used or waste oils. Wood chips dried and impregnated with vegetable oil, provide a clean burning, non-toxic fuel for lighting or starting charcoal and wood.

Process for the conversion of biomasses

Abstract: In a process for conversion of biomass into soil conditioners, manures and/or plant culture substrates, the possibly size-reduced biomass is placed in a heap and allowed to undergo natural decomposition processes until the desired degree of conversion is reached. Various types of biomass are disposed in superimposed layers each consisting mainly of one type of biomass. The lowest layer consists mainly of wood comminuted to sawdust particle size, the next layer consists mainly of green vegetables, the next layer consists mainly of surface-moistened straw, and the next layer consists mainly of manure containing cow manure. A further layer consisting mainly of wood size-comminuted to sawdust particle size is placed over the top. The thickness of the layers of comminuted wood is such that they prevent the escape of the volatile decomposition products.

Medium for artificial cultivation of edible mushroom

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide a mushroom having the same or better taste and flavor as or than that produced in a bed log culture medium in a shortened cultivation period, by adding a decomposition enzyme and water to sawdust. CONSTITUTION:An edible mushroom is cultivated in an artificial cultivation medium produced by adding a decomposition enzyme and water to sawdust. Thus, nutritive elements contained in the sawdust are readily ingested by the hyphae of the mushroom and the growth of the hyphae is promoted. The further addition of a chlorosilane to the sawdust permits to impart a fungicidal property to the cultivated mushroom and the fermentation of the sawdust after the addition of the aforementioned additive materials enables the further shortening of the cultivation period.

Plant growing agent

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide prevention of physiological faults and soil pathogenic symptoms over a long period of time and to improve the efficiency as a soil improving agent and bacteria fertilizer by adsorbing thermophilic actinomycetes on carbon grains. CONSTITUTION:The thermophilic actinomycetes such as thermoactinomyces, thermomonosporas, thermoactinobifidas, and thermopolisporas are brought into contact with and adsorbed on the carbon grains such as charcoal, cocount shell coal, chaff coal, and sawdust coal or the mixture composed thereof and night soil liquid.

Medium for artificial culture of edible mushroom

Abstract: PURPOSE:To shorten an aging period and to eliminate sterilizing treatment of sawdust, by adding charcoal powder and pyrolignous acid to a medium for mushroom. CONSTITUTION:Pyrolignous acid controls blights of mushroom and has improving action on qualities of mushroom. Charcoal has excellent water retention because of porosity. A medium for mushroom contains at least charcoal, pyrolignous acid and sawdust. A thermophilic fungus is inoculated into the medium, which is fermented at 55-70 deg.C for 3-5 days so that multiplication of various germs can be further effectively suppressed.

Comparative study of biomass fuels in an updraft gasifier

Abstract: The authors discuss an updraft biomass gasification reactor with a maximum firing rate of 25 kg/h. The novel design features of this reactor are a self-generated steam injection system at the appropriate points, a natural-draft air-control system, and the choice of an appropriate reactor chamber volume. The reactor is useful for producing process heat. The heat is extracted by means of a heat-exchange unit, which is placed directly above the reactor at a maximum efficiency of 49%. The system produces hot water or steam continuously. Another feature is that a variety of biomass fuels, such as wood wastes, sawdust, coconut fiber, and briquettes of cattle manure and dried leaves, can be fired in this reactor. >

Making method of seed-bed use soil-blocks

Abstract: The method for preparing seed-bed soil-blocks comprises; (a) adding 30% of rice straw, 10 of clay, 5 of complex fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphoric acid and patassium, 5 of soil treatment materials containing 5-methylisoxazole-3-ol, KOH and water, and 10 of water to 40 of sawdust; (b) mixing the above mixture; (c) applying pressure to the mixture placed on seedbed and drying.

Wood sampling drill for sawdust processing plant

Abstract: The drilling equipment is fitted on the end of remote-controlled arms, and under load penetrates wood pieces to a depth of at least 1.5 metres, producing sawdust. The dust is taken up via a suction conduit to a cyclone, from which it drops into a collection vessel. It is then investigated as to water and energy contents, and wood properties. The drilling head used has a guide point with angled radial cutters, and a drilling socket with vertical edge blades. The drill is driven by a hydraulic motor via a shaft in the drill tube which has a bearing for it. The radial cutters are formed as vanes which impel upwards the produced sawdust to pass through the suction tube, and have tracks for forming the dust to its correct width and shape. (Provisional Basic advised week 84/32)

Steam and hot water generator by waste sawdust combustion

Abstract: PURPOSE:To utilize waste sawdust as a heat source for a boiler generating steam and hot water by drying waste sawdust accumulated in a fuel tank, supplying a predetermined quantity of waste sawdust at a time to a combustion chamber, and heating the pipeline of a boiler chamber provided at the upper part of the combustion chamber. CONSTITUTION:Air is introduced into a combustion chamber 8 by a blower 9. The state at the upper part of a grate R of a combustion chamber 8 is that waste sawdust is formed in a conical shape. Control of air sent from the blower 9 is carried out by confirming the force of fire through a peep-hole provided on the wall surface of the combustion chamber 8. Waste dry heat from the combustion chamber 8 is passed through a tubular body part having pipes 7 in a boiler chamber 6 to generate steam and hot water. Then, the waste sawdust is passed through a drying chamber 2, and a second flue part 5' continuous to the drying chamber 2 is finally connected to the cyclone 11 of a dust collector. This dust collector has a trapping ratio of 60-75%. Granules having coarse grains trapped therein are taken out and recharged into the drying chamber 2 and mixed in the waste sawdust to be burnt. Furthermore, fine granules are recovered by a shower system. Thereby, the waste sawdust is burnt and it is possible to generate steam and hot water by the heat of the sawdust.

Combustible sulphur preparation

Abstract: A combustible sulphur preparation, in particular for disinfection, disinfestation and bleaching purposes, is composed of a mixture of sulphur and wood sawdust. The sawdust in the preparation amounts to between 5 and 65 per cent by volume, depending on the intended use and the use conditions. Equally, the type of wood of which the sawdust consists can be selected to suit the intended purpose. The sawdust is mixed with liquified sulphur. The preparation can be produced in various forms and dosages and can be hung up or placed on the surface.

Cultivation of flat japanese mushroom (shiitake)

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide the title cultivation so designed that a mixture of broadleaf tree-based sawdust with coniferous tree-based one is used as the culture medium for the cultivation of flat Japanese mushroom to reduce the amount of relatively expensive broadleaf tree-based sawdust to be used and, in addition, to enable the culture period for the flat Japanese mushroom to be shortened compared to the case of broadleaf tree-based saw dust alone. CONSTITUTION:In the cultivation of flat Japanese mushroom using a culture medium consisting mainly of sawdust, a mixture of broadleaf tree-based sawdust with coniferous tree-based one is used as the sawdust. For the weight ratio of the former sawdust to the latter one, depending on the kind of the trees, 25-30wt.% or more, based on said mixture, of the coniferous tree-based sawdust will shorten the culture period compared to the case of broadleaf tree-based sawdust alone.

Aging of sawdust to be used as culture medium for mushroom

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide the title aging process so designed that unaged sawdust incorporated with already used culture medium where parasitic bacteria on dead mushrooms remain is left to stand while sprinkling intermittently thereon the effect quick aging of the unaged sawdust irrespective seasons without the need for long time and troubles. CONSTITUTION:Fresh unaged sawdust 10 of, e.g., broadleaf tree-based to be used as a culture medium for mushrooms is incorporated with a second culture medium 12 consisting mainly of sawdust where parasitic bacteria on dead mushrooms remain, already used in mushroom cultivation, discharged from, e.g., a mushroom cultivation bottle 16. The resultant mixed sawdust 10 is sufficiently sprinkled with water 14 followed by inverting said sawdust 10 with e.g., a scoop at times to supply the interior with external air evenly. Along with this, every other day or on every third day, water 10 is forcedly sprinkled on the sawdust 10, and in this sate, said sawdust 10 is left to stand outdoors, being weathered. As a result, the organic matters such as cellulose in the saw dust 10 is degraded and fermented to effect temperature rise of the sawdust 10 to 60-70 deg.C in ca. one week, thus sufficiently fermenting said sawdust 10 as a whole, normally in ca. one month, or, in winter, ca. two months to obtain the objective aged culture medium.

Healthy feed for livestock and animal, fish and shellfish and production thereof

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the title healthy feed of good quality at a low cost, by separating a culture medium material after cultivating mushrooms by air condi tioning cultivation into sawdust and the remainder, utilizing heat generated by burning the sawdust and drying the remainder containing mycelia and a nutrient mixture. CONSTITUTION:A culture medium material after cultivating mushrooms are cultivated by air conditioning cultivation is separated into sawdust 20 and the residual culture medium material 10 consisting of mushroom mycelia and a nutrient mixture, such as rice bran. The residual culture medium material 10 is then contained in a mixer 12 and stirred with blades 14. On the other hand, the sawdust 20 is charged from a charging port 18 into a furnace 16 for producing hot air and burned by supplying air from the underside of a roaster 22. Air is subsequently introduced from a blowing duct 26 to produce hot air, which is then introduced into the mixer 12 to dry and deodorize the culture medium material 10. Thereby the aimed healthy feed for livestock, animals, fishes and shellfishes is obtained.