Showing papers on "Sawdust published in 1992"

Sorption of heavy metals by untreated red fir sawdust

Abstract: Equilibrium and rate relationships have been determined for the sorption of divalent copper (Cu2+) and hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) onto untreated Red Fir sawdust. For both ions, the equilibrium sorption levels were determined to be a function of the solution pH and temperature. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of the sawdust for Cu2+ was found to increase with increasing pH. However, for Cr6+ the sorption capacity increased with decreasing pH. For both ions, the rate of adsorption and the equilibrium adsorption capacity increased with temperature. The sorption capacity of α-cellulose was at least an order of magnitude less than the untreated sawdust.

Column studies on metal ion removal by dyed cellulosic materials

Abstract: Cellulosic materials, namely bleached bamboo pulp, jute fibers, and sawdust dyed with a reactive dye of monochlorotriazine type were used in the column studies for removal of different metal ions. The use of an adsorption column makes the process continuous, so that it is economically viable on an industrial scale. After the adsorption of metal ions such as Cu2+, Pb2+, Hg2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Zn2+ and Ni2+, the adsorbents were successfully regenerated by using dilute acids. These columns were then used repeatedly for adsorption either of the same salt for more than ten times or of different salts in succession. No loss in adsorption power was observed.

Recycling of Wood and Paper in Cementitious Materials

Abstract: Beneficial utilization of wastepaper and wood in cement-based materials is reviewed. Wastepaper presents a source of reinforcing fibers for thin-sheet cement products; these fibers help overcome the problems with the brittle nature of failure and low cracking resistance of plain cement products. Wood waste and sawdust can be used in concrete as light-weight aggregates capable of enhancing the weight-to-strength ratio, insulation properties and toughness characteristics of concrete materials.

Shiitake and oyster mushroom production on apple pomace and sawdust

Abstract: A mixture of apple pomace and sawdust was tested as a substrate for production of shiitake [Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler] and oyster mushroom [Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) Kummer and P. sajor-caju (Fr.) Sing.] on synthetic logs. Mycelia grew faster and more densely in logs containing apple pomace than in sawdust alone. Five shiitake isolates and two Pleurotus spp. produced higher fresh weights on a mixture of equal parts (by weight) of apple pomace and sawdust than on either substrate alone []

Binder for liquids

Abstract: Scatterable binder in pulverized form, for binding spilled liquids, comprising a) superabsorbers, b) Kieselguhr, peat, sawdust, wood meal, wood wool, straw, paper fibers, pulp or plastics in fibrous or milled form and c) polyglycol, the content of polyglycol being up to 30% by weight and wherein said scatterable binder is in pulverized form and is a means for binding spilled liquids.

Wood substitute based on lignocellulosic and inorganic materials, method for obtaining the same and use.

Abstract: This invention refers to a wood substitute with lignocellulosic and mineral material particles which are moulded in sheet, e.g. plates and/or panels in different thicknesses or forms in stencil at choice, using in principal natural and artificial, vegetal cellulosic material components, e.g. dried leaves, sawdust, rotten wood particles splinters, paperwastes, roots and mineral materials as limestone from sulphates type carbonates or calcium oxides, with synthetic binders from different chemical structures, with or without dyes, in these proportions: 35-60 by weight lignocellulosic components particles, 5-35 by weight limestone types, 5-30 by weight synthetic binders from different harmless chemical structures, with or without synthetic dyes from varied chemical structures and with or without requested additions.

Interactions of Quaternary Ammonium Salts with Wood - 1. Fixation of Benzalkonium Bromide and Chloride

Abstract: The adsorption of benzalkonium halides onto beech, oak, and spruce sawdust is studied. After 48 hours the maximum adsorption is reached. For oak, the extractible substances play an important role regarding the quantity of product adsorbed. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms of these alkylammonium compounds do not show maxima similar to that found with didecyldimethylammonium chloride and bromide. A high proportion of ammonium cation binds to the wood without the halide itself being bound.

Assessment of the feasibility of using CCA (copper, chromium and arsenic) - treated and boric acid - treated sawdust as soil amendments

Abstract: A pot trial was conducted to determine the effects, on plant growth and element uptake, of soil amendment with Cu- Cr- and As-(CCA) treated, or boric-treated sawdust. Three indicator plants (beetroot, white clover, lettuce) were chosen and the trial was carried out at both soil pH 5 and pH 7. Comparisons were made with an untreated sawdust amendment and with a non-sawdust control.

Assessment of the feasibility of using CCA (copper, chromium and arsenic)-treated and boric acid-treated sawdust as soil amendments: II. Soil biochemical and biological properties

Abstract: The effects on soil biochemical and biological properties of a soil amended with Cu-, Cr- and As-(CCA)-treated, or boric-treated, sawdust were investigated using soil adjusted to both pH 5 and pH 7. In one experiment, soil samples were analysed before and after a pot trial conducted to assess the effects of these amendments on plant growth and element uptake (Speir et al., 1992). The other experiment was an incubation study conducted without plants and with soil samples taken for analysis after 0, 4, 8 and 14 weeks at 25 o C (...)

Aqueous Thermomechanical Pretreatment of Aspen in a Batch Reactor System

Abstract: The fractionation of wood consists of the separation of the fibrous material into its constitutive polymers (ie extractives, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin) in a sequential and selective way The thermochemical or biochemical upgrading of each fraction leads to the production of common and fine chemicals The first step of the fractionation process is the pretreatment which permits the solubilization of extractives and hemicellulose The residue thus obtained is more accessible to chemicals and enzymes The goal of this paper is to prove that a thermomechanical pretreatment in aqueous phase (without adding any chemical) may solubilize, in a relatively selective way, the hemicellulose This process consists of the following steps: 1) Steeping of aspen sawdust (0·25–0·50 mm) in water at 7% consistency for 16 h; 2) Cooking at 165–235°C; 3) Rapid discharge (ie explosion) at δp=6·9 MPa; 4) Quenching The extent (ie conversion) and selectivity (ie hemicellulose removal vs delignification) o

Fuel briquette - made from waste wood prods. with other waste materials, crushed and dried before shaping

Abstract: The fuel briquette, based on wood, contains between 5 and 75 per cent of combustible waste material and is produced without the addn. of binding agents. After the wood, e.g. in the form of chips or sawdust, has been mixed with the waste matter, which can be of paper, straw or household waste, the mixt. is crushed and dried to reduce its moisture content to less than 15 per cent, and then compressed into shape. The mixt. can be passed through a metal detecting process before crushing, and the mixt. can be ground to give it an even consistency. Before crushing and/or after drying, the material can be screen, and prior to drying it can be stored in a silo. All of the processes can be automatically controlled, and carried out ina plant with a loaded, conveyor, a crusher, a drier, and moulder, with silos to store the prods.. ADVANTAGE - More productive use of waste materials, providing useful fuel.

Immobilised mushroom starter cultures - comprising hyphae, spores and/or mycelia in polymer matrix contg. filter

Abstract: Immobilised mushroom starter cultures comprise: (a) an inorganic and/or organic polymer matrix; (b) mushroom hyphae, spores and/or mycelial aggregates; (c) an inorganic and/or organic filler; (d) opt. water-soluble and/or -insoluble nutrients; and (e) opt. biocides. Pref. the matrix is a Ca alginate gel, but may also be a natural polymer (e.g. opt. modified cellulose or starch, dextran, agar, a protein gel, agarose, carrageenan, pectin or guar) or an Si, Al and/or Ti hydroxide gel. The filler is a material (I) described as amorphous, porous, gas-filled, water-insoluble aluminium/alkali metal/alkaline earth metal silicate aggregates with a density of 0.1-3 kg/l a particle size of 0.001-0.5 mm. Water-insoluble nutrients comprise natural plant materials, e.g. sawdust, straw and starch powder. Soluble nutrients comprises natural carbohydrates, e.g. maltose, sucrose, molasses, starch hydrolysate, cellulose hydrolysate and malt extract. USE/ADVANTAGE - The cultures may be used to grow mushrooms by inoculating biodegradable materials, e.g. wood, straw, compost, manure, wood scraps, bark, bark mulch or garden waste.

Preparation of feed

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a feed capable of producing chicken's egg having high quality and capable of suppressing the cholesterol level by fermenting rice bran and sawdust with a specific microorganism and mixing proper amounts of the obtained high-quality vegetable fiber and powder of tangle root. CONSTITUTION:Rice bran and sawdust (e.g. sawdust of Japanese Judas-tree, lime tree or white birch) are fermented with a specific microorganism to obtain an intermediate feed. A fermented feed is prepared by fermenting sawdust and rice bran with TN bacteria using the intermediate feed. The objective feed can be produced by mixing 32% complete formula feed, 43% two- components mixed feed, 3.4% lucerne, 3.5% fish meal, 6.5% heated and crushed soybean, 0.2% calcium phosphate, 0.3% PT1, 0.1% common salt, 3% shell, 0.5% tangle root powder and 7.5% fermented feed prepared above. An egg having lowered cholesterol level can be obtained by the use of the feed.

Disposal of waste material - involves cleaning it with sawdust then removing magnetic material and remixing with sawdust before burning

Abstract: The installation (1-97) is designed to prepare waste material in order to dispose of it by burning. It first cleans the waste material and then removes magnetic material by means of a magnetic separator. The waste material is cleaned by mixing it with sawdust and after the waste material has been cleaned the sawdust is removed by suction and the used sawdust is remixed with the waste material in order to increase its calorific value. The sawdust and waste material are homogeneously mixed, then ground and subsequently formed into pellets. USE/ADVANTAGE - Using the sawdust as a cleaning material and as a fuel.

Deodorizing material using waste wood used for growing japanese mushroom

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain such a deodorizing material which has extremely good deodorizing effect given by Japanese mushroom fungus and can be used for excretions of pet such as cat by preparing the deodorizing material from waste wood used for growing Japanese mushroom CONSTITUTION:Waste wood used for growing Japanese mushroom is chopped into sawdust by a sawdust making machine and completely dried at 105 degC The sawdust after dried is laid in a excretion box for a cat to about 5cm thickness and tested for its deodorizing effect and urine absorptivity by allowing a cat to urinate To compare the effect of the sawdust produced from the waste wood, commercial sawdust is used as a comparable example, and laid in a toilet box for a cat The comparable example is also used for cat urine As for the deodorizing effect, malodor arises within a day from the commercial saw dust, while, from the saw dust of this invention, malodor arises only a little after four days Thus, a significant deodorizing effect can be obtained

Process for the production of treatment damage organism of wood

Abstract: A composition for treating damaged tissues of wood is prepared by (A) mixing and agitating 45-70 % alcohol as fungicide and insecticide, 1-3 % wettable powder as permeative fungicide, which is mainly composed of 1,2-bis (3-methoxy carbonyl-2-thioureido) benzene, and 2-6 % pine resin at room temperature, (B) adding and agitating 1-6 % calcium oxide and 35-50 % vinylacetate as an adhesive component at 15-27 deg.C for 1 hr, and (C) uniformly mixing 8-15 % diatomaceous earth, 1-4 % fibrin and 25-40 % cork or sterilized sawdust with the composition above. The produced composition has an excellent effect on the growth of wood and prevent the enlargement of damaged tissues of wood, while treating them.

Automatic packing machine of sawdust

Abstract: PURPOSE:To pack sawdust into a bag at high speed by smoothing natural drop with a stirring screw in a hopper in feeding sawdust into the bag in an open state. CONSTITUTION:A wound material 1 for culture equipped with fused parts 3 to stand steam sterilization and opening parts coated with an air-transmissible film not to permeate various germs at fixed intervals is drawn out, cut in the vicinity of the fused parts by a cutter 16, bag openings are opened by an opening bar 20, the bag openings are made an opened state by a retainer 21 and a fixed amount of sawdust is packed from a hopper 22 storing sawdust 24 into the bags. Natural drop of sawdust is smoothed by a stirring screw 23.

Sawdust manufacture and its manufacturing device

Abstract: PURPOSE:To manufacture efficiently and safely sawdust whose manufacturing cost is inexpensive while contriving a reduction in a disposal fee of a waste material, by making use of a pillar material, etc., to be generated through dismantiling of a wooden house which has been disposed of. CONSTITUTION:The existence of a metallic material such as a nail in old wood is detected by a metal detector 3 in a conveying process where old wood such as a pillar material to be generated through dismantling of a house is placed on a conveyor 1. In the case where the existence of the metallic material is detected the operation of the conveyor 1 is suspended, an old wood range of a part where the metallic material is in existence is marked by a marking device, the marked part is cut off with a cutting saw of a cutter 8 in the next process, an old wood piece into which the metallic material is mixed is separated and removed. On the one hand, only the old wood where the metallic material is not in existence is machined by a sawdust manufacturing machine 12 and pulverized into sawdust.

Melon Cultivation in Sand and Hardwood Sawdust

Abstract: The growth and productivity of melons, cultivar 'Polidor', were assessed in 2, 4 and 8 litres of sand and hardwood sawdust irrigated to excess with a complete nutrient solution. The plants were grown in a glasshouse set at day/ night temperatures of lS'C/15'C with venting at 26'C. Mean total stem and leaf dry matter after the lmits were harvested were not significantly different between treatments. Mean limit yield (number and weight) was not affected l7y substrate volume but was significantly (P