Showing papers on "Sawdust published in 2013"
TL;DR: In this paper, pyrolysis and combustion of pine sawdust have been investigated by using thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR) analysis.
297 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a biochar was produced from waste rubber-wood-sawdust and the produced biochars were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) gas porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
257 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) was used for pyrolysis of poplar wood sawdust.
223 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the feasibility of three low-cost agricultural biomass based adsorbents namely: activated bagasse carbon (ABC), sawdust raw (SDR), and wheat straw raw (WSR) for water defluoridation, at neutral PH range, was investigated.
194 citations
TL;DR: It is found that it is feasible to use oxygen laden combustion flue gases as the carrier gas for torrefaction of biomass, and torrefied sawdust can be made into dense and strong pellets of high hydrophobicity at a higher die temperature than normally used in the production of traditional control pellets.
188 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the quality and cost of small-scale production of briquettes, made from agricultural and forest biomass in north-eastern Poland, were investigated, and the highest net calorific value was determined for Briquettes made from pine sawdust (18,144 MJt −1 ).
153 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of pyrolysis temperatures on the biochars pores were investigated by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
143 citations
TL;DR: Tests carried out highlighted that the addition of these by-products do not change negatively the main technological properties measured and permit to hypothesize their use to obtain bricks with both insulating and higher mechanical properties using a pore agent forming or silica carrier alternative raw materials, respectively.
123 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a pinewood sawdust was liquefied in the presence of various supercritical solvents (carbon dioxide, water, acetone, and ethanol) and catalysts (alkali salts and acidic zeolites) and the experimental results showed that both solvent and catalyst can significantly improve the liquefaction process by increasing the yield of liquid oil and suppressing the formation of solid residue.
Abstract: Liquefaction of biomass with proper solvents and catalysts is a promising process to produce liquid biofuels and valuable chemicals. In this study, pinewood sawdust was liquefied in the presence of various supercritical solvents (carbon dioxide, water, acetone, and ethanol) and catalysts (alkali salts and acidic zeolites). The liquid, gas and solid products were analyzed using GC–MS, FT-IR, elemental analyzer, 1H NMR, 13C NMR. The experimental results showed that both solvent and catalyst can significantly improve the liquefaction process by increasing the yield of liquid oil and suppressing the formation of solid residue. K2CO3 showed the best performance by doubling the yield of bio oil. Meanwhile, the maximum bio-oil yield (30.8 wt%) and the minimum solid residue yield (28.9 wt%) were obtained when ethanol was employed as the solvent. Solvents can also strongly affect the distribution of liquid products. 2,4,5,7-tetramethyl-phenanthrene and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were the premier compounds in liquid product as supercritical carbon dioxide is used as solvent while 2-methyl-naphthalene became the main composition when water is used as solvent.
116 citations
TL;DR: The catalysts recycling test of the selected catalysts indicated that the carbon catalysts can be reused for at least 3-4 times and produced high concentrations of phenol and phenolic compounds.
113 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a defined assortment of wooden chips as a bulk material and gypsum, cellulose, sodium silicate and cement as binder for additive manufacturing of large scale solids.
Abstract: Additive manufacturing of large scale solids can be achieved by using wood based bulk material (sawdust, wooden chips, etc.) in 3D printing processes. Thin layers of bulk are bonded selectively with a suitable binder thus forming layer by layer a solid of almost any desired shape. Preliminary tests were carried out using a defined assortment of wooden chips as bulk material and gypsum, cellulose, sodium silicate and cement as binder.
TL;DR: This study indicates that sludge reduction without external heat supply through co-pyrolysis of sludge with waste biomass is practically feasible.
TL;DR: In this paper, a central composite design (CCD) was used for the optimization of process variables in the alka-line peroxide oxidation (APO) pretreatment of Vitellaria paradoxa sawdust.
TL;DR: In this article, the adsorption of heavy metal ions from synthetic single ion solutions was performed by using beech sawdust, and the maximum sawdust adaption capacity was achieved at pH < 4, while at pH ≥ 4.
TL;DR: The results indicated that the fabrication of WPCs from sawdust and PET would technically feasible; however, the use of additives like coupling agents could further enhance the properties of W PCs.
Abstract: This study deals with the fabrication of composite matrix from saw dust (SD) and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) at different ratio (w/w) by flat-pressed method. The wood plastic composites (WPCs) were made with a thickness of 6 mm after mixing the saw dust and PET in a rotary type blender followed by flat press process. Physical i.e., density, moisture content (MC), water absorption (WA) and thickness swelling (TS), and mechanical properties i.e., Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR) were assessed as a function of mixing ratios according to the ASTM D-1037 standard. WA and TS were measured after 24 hours of immersion in water at 25, 50 and 75°C temperature. It was found that density decreased 18.3% when SD content increased from 40% to 70% into the matix. WA and TS increased when the PET content decreased in the matrix and the testing water temperature increased. MOE and MOR were reached to maximum for the fabricated composites (2008.34 and 27.08 N/mm2, respectively) when the SD content were only 40%. The results indicated that the fabrication of WPCs from sawdust and PET would technically feasible; however, the use of additives like coupling agents could further enhance the properties of WPCs.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the Langmuir isotherm equation to fit the equilibrium data, and the maximal equilibrium quantity of MB from the Langemuir model was found to be 11146 mg g 1 at 293 K and the Elovich model adequately described the kinetic data.
Abstract: Methylene blue (MB) biosorption by citric acid modified pine sawdust (Pinus tabulaeformis) was studied from aqueous solutions Batch experiments were conducted to determine the biosorption properties of the biomass The Langmuir isotherm equation could fit the equilibrium data The maximal equilibrium quantity of MB from Langmuir model was 11146 mg g �1 at 293 K The Elovich model adequately described the kinetic data in comparison to the pseu- do-first-order model and pseudo-second-order model; the process involving rate-controlling step is very complex in- volving both boundary layer and intra-particle diffusion processes The effective diffusion parameter Di and Df values were estimated at different initial concentration, and the average values were determined to be 576×10 �8 and 212× 10 �7 cm 2 s �1 Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of methylene blue onto pine sawdust biomass was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic under studied conditions The physical and chemical properties of the bio- sorbent were determined by SEM, TG-DSC, XRD, and the point of zero charge (pHpzc) and the nature of biomass-dye interactions were evaluated by FTIR analysis, which showed the participation of COOH, OH and NH2 groups in the biosorption process Biosorbents could be regenerated using 001 mol L �1 HCl solution at least three cycles, with up to 90% recovery Thus, the biomass used in this work proved to be effective for the treatment of MB bearing aqueous solutions
TL;DR: In this paper, high heating rate pyrolysis experiments were performed on a softwood sawdust in a flat-flame burner reactor at temperatures from 1163 to 1433 K with particle residence times ranging from 23 to 102 ms at atmospheric pressure.
Abstract: High heating rate pyrolysis experiments were performed on a softwood sawdust in a flat-flame burner reactor at temperatures from 1163 to 1433 K with particle residence times ranging from 23 to 102 ms at atmospheric pressure. Volatile yields of the 45–75 μm sawdust were measured and are believed to be similar to those that would occur in an industrial entrained-flow combustor or gasifier. A refractory tar yield near 1.5 wt % (dry, ash-free) was measured. A high percentage of the fully pyrolyzed sawdust char was spherical, having lost the original sawdust structure. It is suggested that the morphology of sawdust char may continue to change after complete mass release from pyrolysis. Sawdust pyrolysis was modeled using the chemical percolation devolatilization (CPD) model assuming that biomass pyrolysis occurs as a weighted average of its individual components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin). Thermal cracking of tar into light gas was included using a first-order kinetic model from the literature. The...
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of species, particle size and compacting pressure on relaxed density and compressive strength in cleft of briquettes produced from sawdust of tropical hardwoods was investigated.
Abstract: Densification of biomass waste materials has provided a great boost to the utilization of wood and agricultural waste for domestic and industrial fuel. However, the processes involved in the production of this fuel make it more expensive than fossil fuel. This is because densification of wood waste into fuel briquettes is not simple. This paper reports the results of research conducted to determine the effect of species, particle size and compacting pressure on relaxed density and compressive strength in cleft of briquettes produced from sawdust of tropical hardwoods. Briquettes were made using a laboratory hydraulic press. Compacting pressure was varied from 10 to 50 MPa at an interval of 10 MPa. Species used were Triplochiton scleroxylon, Ceiba pentandra, Aningeria robusta, Terminalia superba, Celtis mildbreadii and Piptadenia africana. The results indicate that species, compacting pressure and particle size of sawdust at 5% level of significance have significant effect on the relaxed density and compressive strength in cleft of briquettes produced. The multiple correlation coefficient (R) and adjusted R 2 for the regression model between relaxed density of briquettes, and species density, particle size and compacting pressure were 0.93 and 0.87, respectively. Additionally, the multiple correlation coefficient and adjusted R 2 for the regression model between compressive strength of briquettes, and species density, particle size and compacting pressure were 0.83 and 0.69, respectively. The regression models suggest that species density, particle size and compacting pressure are good predictors of relaxed density and compressive strength in cleft of briquettes produced from sawdust of tropical hardwoods.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a new building material, Wood-Crete, using sawdust, waste paper and Tradical lime, and showed that lightweight sustainable blocks can be produced with good insulating and other relevant properties for building construction with density ranging from 356 to 713 kg/m3 and compressive strength from 006 to 080 MPa.
TL;DR: Results showed that sawdust conditioning in conjunction with cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) presented much better dewaterability than CPAM alone when used as a filter aid for the textile dyeing sludge dewatering.
TL;DR: The impact of combustion conditions on emission factors and characteristics of log wood combustion was investigated in this article, where two different kinds of log woods and one kind of briquette (spruce sawdust) were used to study differences in emission behavior depending upon the wood type.
Abstract: The impact of combustion conditions on emission factors and characteristics of log wood combustion was investigated. Two different kinds of log woods (spruce and beech) and one kind of briquette (spruce sawdust) were used to study differences in emission behavior depending upon the wood type. Beech wood was used to examine additionally the impact of different moisture contents and maloperation on emissions of fine particulate matter (PM). Therefore, wood logs with three different levels of moisture content were used. Maloperation was simulated by an overload scenario and an air deficiency scenario. Toxicity equivalent (TEQ) values were calculated for the different combustion conditions. It was found that PM mass varies only by a factor of 8 at a maximum, whereas TEQ values can vary more than a factor of 80 (regular beech wood combustion, 6 μg MJ–1; beech wood combustion in an overloaded combustion chamber, 500 μg MJ–1). In particular, wood with a higher moisture content (19%) released high amounts of inte...
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of species, wood particle size, moisture content of wood particles, pelletizing temperature and time on the durability of larch and tulipwood pellets were examined.
Abstract: This study was conducted to examine the effects of species, wood particle size, moisture content of wood particles, pelletizing temperature and time on the durability of larch and tulipwood pellets. The durability of larch pellets was significantly higher than that of tulipwood pellets. The larch pellets fabricated with smaller particles were more durable than those fabricated with large particles. The durability of the larch and tulipwood pellets improved steadily with increasing pelletizing time and temperature. In addition, the durability of both pellets increased with increasing moisture content of the sawdust. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the surface of the larch and tulipwood pellets fabricated at a pelletizing temperature of 180 °C for 3 min were similar to that of the commercial wood pellets. SEM-energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis showed that lignin, a potential natural binder between wood particles, was spread throughout both the larch and tulipwood pellets with increasing pelletizing temperature and time. These results suggested that the lignin might contribute to the increase in inter-particles bonding in wood pellets.
TL;DR: This paper investigated intraparticle secondary reactions of tar during the pyrolysis of woody biomass, using Japanese cypress sawdust (particle size 1.5 µm).
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the impact of co-firing biomass and coal under oxy-fuel conditions compared to normal air firing, with the emphasis on the potential catalytic effect of biomass-contained alkali and alkaline metals on coal char burnout.
TL;DR: In this article, the improvement in the biodegradability of polypropylene (PP) was observed by blending it with small additions (5%) of wood sawdust and wheat flour.
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the production of briquettes for household use from biomass in combination with plastic materials from different sources and found that the behavior in the combustion is steadier because of the increase of oxygen supply.
Abstract: This work examines the production of briquettes for household use from biomass in combination with plastic materials from different sources. Additionally, the combustion characteristics of the briquettes in a common open fireplace were studied. It is clear that the geometry of the briquettes has no influence on the smoke emissions. When the briquettes have a small amount of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), the behavior in the combustion is steadier because of the increase of oxygen supply. The smoke levels are between the 3rd and 4th grades of the smoke number scale. Measuring the carbon monoxide emission, it was observed that the burning of the plastic in the mixture with biomass increases the carbon monoxide emissions from 10% to 30% as compared to carbon monoxide emission from sawdust biomass emissions which was used as a reference.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the influence of sawdust addition and composting the feedstock, on the products of pyrolysis and on the net energy yield from the process.
Abstract: Pyrolysis experiments were conducted on the separated solid fraction of anaerobically digested pig manure (SADPM). The aim of these experiments was to investigate the influence of (1) sawdust addition and (2) composting the feedstock, on the products of pyrolysis and on the net energy yield from the pyrolysis process. Mixtures of SADPM and sawdust were made to give the following treatments; manure only, 4:1( w / w ) and 3:2( w / w ). These mixtures were pyrolized at 600 °C both before and after aerobic composting. The yields of the biochar, bio-liquid and gas were influenced by the addition of sawdust to the SADPM and by composting of the feedstock. With the addition of sawdust, biochar and gas higher heating values (HHV) increased, while bio-liquid HHV decreased. More than 70% of the original energy in the feedstock remained in the biochar, bio-liquid and gas after pyrolysis, increasing as the proportion of sawdust increased. The HHV of the biochar decreased, while the HHV of the bio-liquid increased, after the feedstocks were composted. The energy balance showed that increasing the rate of sawdust addition to SADPM resulted in an increased net energy yield. The addition of a composting stage increased the net energy yield for the manure only feedstock only. However, with increasing sawdust addition, composting of the feedstock reduced the net energy yield.
TL;DR: In this article, a novel anion exchanger was prepared from pine ( Pinus sylvestris ) sawdust and bark, spruce ( Picea abies ) bark, birch ( Betula pubescens/Betula verrucosa ) bark and peat for the removal of nitrate (NO 3 − ).
TL;DR: None of the VOCs were found to affect human safety for use of the WPC and Hexanoic acid, acetic acid, 2-methoxyphenol, acetylfuran, diacetyl, and aldehydes were the most important odorants.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of three concentrations of two silver species on effluent silver concentration, E. coli removal, and viable bacteria retained on the surface and contained in the pores of ceramic disks manufactured with clay imported from three locally produced ceramic water filters (CWF) factories using sawdust as the burn-out material.
Abstract: Locally produced ceramic water filters (CWF) are an effective technology to treat pathogen-contaminated drinking water at the household level. CWF manufacturers apply silver to filters during production, although the silver type and concentration vary and evidence-based silver application guidelines have not been established. We evaluated the effects of three concentrations of two silver species on effluent silver concentration, E. coli removal, and viable bacteria retained on the surface and contained in the pores of ceramic disks manufactured with clay imported from three CWF factories using sawdust as the burn-out material. Additionally, we evaluated performance using water with three chemistry characteristics (Na+–NaCl, Ca2+–CaCl2, and humic acid as natural organic matter) of disks made from the different clays using either sawdust or rice husk as the burn-out material. Results showed the following: (1) Silver desorption from disks coated with silver nitrate (Ag+) was greater than desorption of silver...