Showing papers on "Sawdust published in 2017"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effect of the addition of other biomasses (such as rice straw and sawdust) for co-pyrolysis with sewage sludge.
212 citations
TL;DR: The co-pyrolysis technology provides a feasible method for the safe disposal of metal-contaminated sewage sludge in an attempt to minimize the environmental risk from potentially toxic metals after land application.
181 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparative study on microwave and conventional hydrothermal pretreatment of bamboo sawdust was carried out in order to evaluate the properties of the pyrolysis behavior.
124 citations
TL;DR: The findings suggested that hydrothermal co-carbonization is a promising strategy to tailor high-performance hydrochar for different applications.
119 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a continuous pyrolysis-reforming of pine sawdust and high density polyethylene mixtures (25, 50 and 75% HDPE) has been performed in a two-stage reaction system provided with a conical spouted bed reactor (CSBR) and a fluidized bed reactor.
105 citations
TL;DR: Significantly higher biomethane yield from sawdust pretreated with LCDC confirms that this process is more economical than the previous reports.
90 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the co-conversion of waste activated sludge and birchwood sawdust to bio-oil via hydrothermal liquefaction was examined, and a maximum of 33.7% biooil yield was obtained at optimum operating conditions of 310°C, 10min, and 10% concentration.
86 citations
TL;DR: The higher heating value of oil originated from sawdust during co-pyrolysis at a sawdust/oily sludge ratio of 3:1 increased by 5 MJ/kg as compared to that during sawdust pyrolytic alone, indicating a synergistic effect of co- pyrolynsis.
83 citations
TL;DR: In this article, eight types of biomass were evaluated for their suitability as raw material to produce biochar and the results showed that rice straw was a poor substrate as the resultant biochar contained less than 60% fixed carbon and a relatively low HHV.
Abstract: Waste residues produced by agricultural and forestry industries can generate energy and are regarded as a promising source of sustainable fuels. Pyrolysis, where waste biomass is heated under low-oxygen conditions, has recently attracted attention as a means to add value to these residues. The material is carbonized and yields a solid product known as biochar. In this study, eight types of biomass were evaluated for their suitability as raw material to produce biochar. Material was pyrolyzed at either 350 °C or 500 °C and changes in ash content, volatile solids, fixed carbon, higher heating value (HHV) and yield were assessed. For pyrolysis at 350 °C, significant correlations (p < 0.01) between the biochars’ ash and fixed carbon content and their HHVs were observed. Masson pine wood and Chinese fir wood biochars pyrolyzed at 350 °C and the bamboo sawdust biochar pyrolyzed at 500 °C were suitable for direct use in fuel applications, as reflected by their higher HHVs, higher energy density, greater fixed carbon and lower ash contents. Rice straw was a poor substrate as the resultant biochar contained less than 60% fixed carbon and a relatively low HHV. Of the suitable residues, carbonization via pyrolysis is a promising technology to add value to pecan shells and Miscanthus.
81 citations
TL;DR: Results suggested that biochars derived from MgCl2 pretreated cypress sawdust could be considered as promising materials for phosphorus recovery from wastewaters for a possible further subsequent use in agriculture as amendments.
75 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an Activated Carbon (AC) was prepared from sapelli wood sawdust using a microwave heating process and the biomass was mixed with inorganic components (lime + ZnCl2 and FeCl3) to form a homogeneous paste.
Abstract: Activated carbon (AC) was prepared from sapelli wood sawdust using a microwave heating process. The biomass was mixed with inorganic components (lime + ZnCl2 and FeCl3) to form a homogeneous paste. The AC samples are denoted as AC-1A (100 g sapelli wood sawdust + 20 g lime + 80 g ZnCl2), AC-2A (150 g sapelli wood sawdust + 20 g lime + 80 g ZnCl2), AC-1B (100 g sapelli wood sawdust + 20 g lime + 40 g ZnCl2 + 40 g FeCl3), and AC-2B (150 g sapelli wood sawdust + 20 g lime + 40 g ZnCl2 + 40 g FeCl3). The samples were placed in a microwave oven and pyrolyzed under nitrogen flow. To increase their porosity, the pyrolyzed samples were subjected to a leaching process (with 6 mol L−1 HCl) under reflux to eliminate inorganic components. Several analytical techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and N2 isotherm and vapor adsorption analyses were performed to characterize the AC materials. The samples presented high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas, up to 941.08 m2 g−1 for AC-1A. The AC materials were tested for their o-cresol removal ability by determining the best fits to equilibrium and kinetic data using the Sips isotherm and fractional-order model, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of the AC samples as obtained from the Sips model was correlated with the surface area. The proposed adsorption mechanism suggests that hydrogen bonding, donor–acceptor complexation, and π–π interactions play key roles. The adsorbents were also tested for treatment of simulated industrial effluents, showing very good efficiency. Almost complete regeneration of the AC adsorbents was achieved using 10 % EtOH + 5 mol L−1 NaOH as eluent. These results demonstrate that sapelli wood sawdust is a promising precursor for preparation of AC to remove o-cresol from aqueous solution.
TL;DR: In this paper, different concentrations (0.1 and 1 m K+/Na+) of salt solutions were used to impregnate alkali in sawdust, and char samples were gasified at diffe...
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of particle size, pressure and mold diameter on the physical characteristics of rice straw briquettes were investigated using a manually operated piston-press cold densification system and analyzed in terms of initial density, stable density, density ratio, compaction ratio, percentage of volume change, shatter index and energy consumption.
TL;DR: This work develops a cost-effective way to recycle Si sawdust as a high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries through a self-organization induced by lithiation/delithiation cycling.
Abstract: Nowadays, ca. 176,640 tons/year of silicon (Si) (>4N) is manufactured for Si wafers used for semiconductor industry. The production of the highly pure Si wafers inevitably includes very high-temperature steps at 1400-2000 °C, which is energy-consuming and environmentally unfriendly. Inefficiently, ca. 45-55% of such costly Si is lost simply as sawdust in the cutting process. In this work, we develop a cost-effective way to recycle Si sawdust as a high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries. By a beads-milling process, nanoflakes with extremely small thickness (15-17 nm) and large diameter (0.2-1 μm) are obtained. The nanoflake framework is transformed into a high-performance porous structure, named wrinkled structure, through a self-organization induced by lithiation/delithiation cycling. Under capacity restriction up to 1200 mAh g-1, the best sample can retain the constant capacity over 800 cycles with a reasonably high coulombic efficiency (98-99.8%).
TL;DR: In this article, a mesoporous activated carbon (AC-HBP) with electrochemically pre-lithiated graphite (LiC6) was used to achieve high energy Li-ion capacitor.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of phosphogypsum (PG) and zeolite amendments on reducing nitrogen loss via suppressing NH3 volatilization and concurrent changes in carbon (C) and dry matter losses were investigated in a 100-day lab-scale mesophilic composting of cattle manure with rice hulls or sawdust as a bulking agent.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate that the formation of tar and soot can be reduced simultaneously using the catalytic activity of alkali metal species, which is a major technical challenge toward the large-scale industrial installation of biomass gasification.
Abstract: Tar and soot in product gas have been a major technical challenge toward the large-scale industrial installation of biomass gasification. This study aims at demonstrating that the formation of tar and soot can be reduced simultaneously using the catalytic activity of alkali metal species. Pine sawdust was impregnated with aqueous K2CO3 solution by wet impregnation methods prior to the gasification experiments. Raw and alkali-impregnated sawdust were gasified in a laminar drop-tube furnace at 900–1400 °C in a N2–CO2 mixture, because that creates conditions representative for an entrained-flow gasification process. At 900–1100 °C, char, soot and tar decreased with the temperature rise for both raw and alkali-impregnated sawdust. The change in tar and soot yields indicated that potassium inhibited the growth of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and promoted the decomposition of light tar (with 1–2 aromatic rings). The results also indicated that the catalytic activity of potassium on tar decomposition exists ...
TL;DR: Lignite was identified as a promising alternative sorbent which can be used for detoxification of lignocellulose hydrolyzates and used lignite can be simply utilized as a fuel to, at least partially, cover heat and energetic demands of fermentation, which should improve the economic feasibility of the process.
Abstract: Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are bacterial polyesters which are considered biodegradable alternatives to petrochemical plastics PHAs have a wide range of potential applications, however, the production cost of this bioplastic is several times higher A major percentage of the final cost is represented by the price of the carbon source used in the fermentation Burkholderia cepacia and Burkholderia sacchari are generally considered promising candidates for PHA production from lignocellulosic hydrolyzates The wood waste biomass has been subjected to hydrolysis The resulting hydrolyzate contained a sufficient amount of fermentable sugars Growth experiments indicated a strong inhibition by the wood hydrolyzate Over-liming and activated carbon as an adsorbent of inhibitors were employed for detoxification All methods of detoxification had a positive influence on the growth of biomass and PHB production Furthermore, lignite was identified as a promising alternative sorbent which can be used for detoxification of lignocellulose hydrolyzates Detoxification using lignite instead of activated carbon had lower inhibitor removal efficiency, but greater positive impact on growth of the bacterial culture and overall PHA productivity Moreover, lignite is a significantly less expensive adsorbent in comparison with activated charcoal and; moreover, used lignite can be simply utilized as a fuel to, at least partially, cover heat and energetic demands of fermentation, which should improve the economic feasibility of the process
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors established a complete environmentally friendly strategy for the valorization of olive mill wastewater (OMW), which includes different steps, namely, OMW impregnation on sawdust, drying, bio-fertilizer production, and soil amendment.
Abstract: This investigation has established a complete environmentally friendly strategy for the valorization of olive mill wastewater (OMW). This valorization process includes different steps, namely, OMW impregnation on sawdust, drying, biofertilizer production, and soil amendment. The OMW impregnation on raw cypress sawdust (RCS) was performed using batch procedure mode. During this impregnation, 59% and 71% of the chemical oxygen demand and total dissolved salts of OMW were adsorbed on RCS. The drying of the impregnated sawdust (IS) and OMW was realized in a convective dryer at temperature ranging between 40 and 60 °C and air velocity ranging between 0.7 and 1.3 m/s. Comparison between both samples demonstrated clearly that the impregnation procedure accelerated the drying process and consequently allowed an ecologic recovery of water from OMW that could be reused. The IS sample was pyrolyzed at 500 °C for green fuel (bio-oil, gas) and char production. This residual char (IS-Char) exhibited higher mass fractio...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated pyrolysis, combustion and gasification processes of six different types of biomass, which were obtained from Mexico (Castor husk, Castor stem, Agave bagasse, Coffee pulp, Opuntia stem and Pinus sawdust) by means of thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry (TG-MS).
Abstract: Pyrolysis, combustion and gasification processes of six different types of biomass, which were obtained from Mexico (Castor husk, Castor stem, Agave bagasse, Coffee pulp, Opuntia stem and Pinus sawdust) were investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry (TG-MS). The selection of biomass, for each thermochemical process, depended on its main physico-chemical properties (moisture content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, ash content, calorific value, mineral content, etc.). For pyrolysis processes, the desirable characteristics of biomass are high volatile matter and low ash content. For combustion processes, the biomass has to show high low heating value (LHV) and low ash content. In the case of gasification processes, the biomass ought to have high fixed carbon. Pinus sawdust had the highest volatile matter and the lowest ash content, Castor stem showed the highest LHV and Coffee pulp had the highest fixed carbon content. The pyrolysis process was divided in three main stages (dehydration, devolatilization and char formation). Moreover, for Agave bagasse two more peaks at high temperature were found due to the decomposition of lignin and cellulose but it could also be related to its high mineral content. On the other hand, three main different stages (dehydration, devolatilization and char oxidation) for the combustion process were found. It is noticeable that Coffee pulp showed one more peak than other studied biomasses, which is related to its high lignin content. Due to its high heat released, Castor husk could be considered as the best candidate for combustion process. However, Pinus sawdust can be considerate more suitable for this process because of its low amount of NOx released. In addition, for gasification process the effect of the gas flow was studied. Coffee pulp resulted to be the most suitable for gasification process due to the amount and quality of the fuel gas produced.
TL;DR: The results obtained revealed that the thermodynamic simulations (FactSage) were successful to predict the best reaction conditions for the synthesis of carbon, and potentially carbon fibers and nanotubes production as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Carbon nanostructures were produced by wood sawdust pyrolysis. The results obtained revealed that the thermodynamic simulations (FactSage) were successful to predict the best reaction conditions for the synthesis of carbon, and potentially carbon fibers and nanotubes production. Graphite formation was indicated by XRD study, and by thermal analysis which presented the carbon oxidation range. The morphology of the samples (SEM/TEM analysis) showed carbon nanotubes/nanofibers varying in size and thickness, with defects and flaws. The tubular reactor was considered to be an economic and environmental correct way to nanomaterials growing, with the simultaneous generation of hydrogen and lower pollutant gas emissions.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors determined the characteristics and quality of the pine sawdust, wheat straw and rapeseed straw agglomerates blended in different proportions, including the poured density, tapped density and the Carr compressibility index, according to standard test method ASTM D6393: 1999.
TL;DR: The ash content evolution of the torrefied product showed that its properties approached a steady state within 20min and the reduction in Sauter mean particles size was up to 20.3% and 28.2% for 0.25-0.5mm and 0.5-1.0mm sawdust, respectively.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of acid pretreatment on the adsorption of activated carbon (AC) from pine wood sawdust were investigated, and the results showed that a lower temperature had an increased adorption capacity of sawdust-derived AC.
Abstract: Different types of acid pretreatment are known to influence the removal of certain components from pine wood sawdust, due to differences in the acid hydrolysis, which also predetermine the final formation and adsorptive properties of the produced activated carbon (AC) through subsequent potassium hydroxide activation. AC made by using phosphorous acid as an acid pretreatment had the largest absorption capacity of methylene blue (MB) dye due to its highest acidity. Subsequently, the effects on the adsorption variables for this AC such as initial pH, MB concentration, contact time and temperature were investigated. The resulting adsorption process was classified as pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the Langmuir isotherm model better described the equilibrium data in comparison with the Freundlich isotherm model. The outcome showed that a lower temperature had an increased adsorption capacity of sawdust-derived AC pretreated with phosphorous acid, which allowed maximum adsorption capacities of 303.03 mg/g at 30 °C, implying that the adsorption was an endothermic process. Phosphorous acid pretreatment and activation processes proved to be an effective strategy to prepare highly porous AC from sawdust, with high potential to cationic dye removal from liquid phases.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of weight ratio of plywood manufacturing byproduct birch sawdust (BS) to water (1/2-1/8), reaction temperature (200-340°C), initial H2 pressure (0-10-MPa), residence time (5-90min), catalysts amount (0.25-7.0 ǫ), and type (FeSO4, ZnSO4 and NaOH) on hydrothermal liquefaction of BS was investigated.
TL;DR: In this paper, a multi-step extracting method for straw/woody biomass ashes is developed to enhance their utilization efficiencies, which can substitute for equivalent quality of raw materials to make agricultural or industrial products.
TL;DR: In this article, the sawdust and other biomass materials are mixed in certain proportions, then bound together and palletized to a small blocks called briquettes, which can be used for particle board as well as oil production.
Abstract: Sawdust which is basically considered as a timber-industrial waste that pollutes the environment can become a valuable commodity which is considered in three ways: Manufacturing, Energy and Agricultural utilization. The sawdust is burnt in an updraft gasifier under a limited supply of air to obtain producer gas which is carbon II oxide and hydrogen as main components. The sawdust and other biomass materials are mixed in certain proportions, then bound together and palletized to a small blocks called briquettes. The material was also considered to be composted by mixing it with animal digestion or wood ashes and calcium carbonate to form fertilizers. The sawdust and wood shavings can be used for particle board as well as oil production.
TL;DR: A hybrid-functional material consisting of Ni as catalyst, CaO as CO2 sorbent, and Ca2SiO4 as polymorphic "active" spacer was synthesized by freeze-drying a mixed solution to be deployed during sawdust decomposition that generated gases mainly containing H2, CO, CO2 and CH4.
Abstract: A hybrid-functional material consisting of Ni as catalyst, CaO as CO2 sorbent, and Ca2SiO4 as polymorphic “active” spacer was synthesized by freeze-drying a mixed solution containing Ni, Ca and Si precursors, respectively, to be deployed during sawdust decomposition that generated gases mainly containing H2, CO, CO2 and CH4. The catalytic activity showed a positive correlation to the Ni loading, but at the expense of lower porosity and surface area with Ni loading beyond 20 wt %, indicating an optimal Ni loading of 20 wt % for Ni-CaO-Ca2SiO4 hybrid-functional materials, which enables ∼626 mL H2 (room temperature, 1 atm) produced from each gram of sawdust, with H2 purity in the product gas up to 68 vol %. This performance was superior over a conventional supported catalyst Ni–Ca2SiO4 that produced 443 mL H2 g-sawdust–1 under the same operating condition with a purity of ∼61 vol %. Although the Ni-CaO bifunctional material in its fresh form generated a bit more H2 (∼689 mL H2 g-sawdust–1), its cyclic perfor...
TL;DR: Results indicated that accelerated pyrolysis and low temperature were attributed to the formation of instantaneous "hot spots", which were 50-100°C and 50- 100kJ/mol lower than conventional pyROlysis, respectively.