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Showing papers on "Scalar potential published in 1993"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The effective Hamiltonian describing the motion of electrons in compositionally graded crystals is constructed which is valid throughout a given energy band and part way into the gaps, as well as the appropriate turning point connection rules.
Abstract: : We construct the effective Hamiltonian describing the motion of electrons in compositionally graded crystals which is valid throughout a given energy band and part way into the gaps. The effective Hamiltonian, constructed from the band structures of uniform crystals, also includes the effects of a slowly varying applied scalar potential U(r). Near the edges of a nondegenerate band, this effective Hamiltonian reduces to an effective mass Hamiltonian with position dependent mass (one of several forms previously appearing in the literature): H sub eff = 1/2 pi(1/m*(r)) sub ij pj + Epsilon(r) + U(r), where Epsilon(r) is the energy of the band edge as a function of position. The analogous effective mass Hamiltonian for degenerate bands is also derived. Next, we examine more general states-not restricted to the vicinity of a band edge in crystals with composition and applied potential variation in one direction. We obtain a WKB-type solution for the envelope functions, as well as the appropriate turning point connection rules.

159 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed the concept of an average action for gauge theories in the continuum and computed the average scalar potential of the abelian Higgs model in arbitrary dimensions.

148 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The «antisymmetric» component, a solution of the wave equation of the type retarded minus advanced, of the linearized gravitational field generated by an isolated system in the exterior region of the system is investigated.
Abstract: Gravitational radiation reaction effects in the dynamics of an isolated system arise from the use of retarded potentials for the radiation field, satisfying time-asymmetric boundary conditions imposed at past-null infinity. Part one of this paper investigates the ``antisymmetric'' component, a solution of the wave equation of the type retarded minus advanced, of the linearized gravitational field generated by an isolated system in the exterior region of the system. At linearized order such a component is well defined and is ``time odd'' in the usual post-Newtonian (PN) sense. We introduce a new linearized coordinate system which generalizes the Burke and Thorne coordinate system both in its space-time domain of validity, which is no longer limited to the near zone of the source, and in the post-Newtonian smallness of the linear antisymmetric (``time-odd'') component of the metric, for all multipolarities of antisymmetric waves. These waves (as viewed in the near zone) define a generalized radiation reaction four-tensor potential ${\mathit{V}}_{\mathrm{react}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\beta}}}$ of the linear theory.At the 2.5 post-Newtonian approximation, the tensor potential reduces to the standard Burke-Thorne scalar potential of the lowest-order local radiation reaction force. At the 3.5 PN approximation, the potential involves scalar (${\mathit{V}}_{\mathrm{react}}^{00}$) and vector (${\mathit{V}}_{\mathrm{react}}^{0\mathit{i}}$) components which are associated with subdominant radiation reaction effects such as the recoil effect. At the higher-order PN approximations, the potential is intrinsically tensorial. A nonlinear exterior metric is iteratively constructed from the new linearized metric by the method of a previous work. Part two of this paper is devoted to the near-zone reexpansion of the nonlinear iterations of the exterior metric. We use a very convenient decomposition of the integral of the retarded potentials into a particular solution involving only ``instantaneous'' potentials, and a homogeneous solution of the antisymmetric type. The former particular solution is ``even'' in the sense that it explicitly contains only even powers of ${\mathit{c}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. The latter homogeneous solution defines a component of the exterior metric which is associated with radiation reaction effects of nonlinear origin. This decomposition of the retarded integral enables us to control the occurrence and the magnitude of ``odd'' terms in any nonlinear iterations of the metric, and to compute explicitly the radiation reaction potential of the nonlinear theory up to the 3.5 PN approximation. Finally we recover and complete a previous work concerning the hereditary modification, of quadratic nonlinear origin, of the radiation reaction potential at the 4 PN approximation.

66 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the confinement of optical modes of vibration in a quantum well of polar material is described by a theory involving the triple hybridization of LO, TO, and IP (interface polariton) modes, all of which share a common frequency and in-plane wave vector.
Abstract: The confinement of optical modes of vibration in a quantum well of polar material is described by a theory involving the triple hybridization of LO, TO, and IP (interface polariton) modes, all of which share a common frequency and in-plane wave vector. The resulting hybrids satisfy both mechanical and electromagnetic boundary conditions. The case of a quantum well with infinitely rigid barriers is shown to be one in which there are no interface modes allowed (including IP modes). The resulting guided-mode patterns resemble those obtained from microscopic theory of the AlAs/GaAs system. The hybrids are shown to exhibit strong IP-induced dispersion as a function of in-plane wave vector. Each hybrid has a scalar potential and a vector potential, neither of which is continuous at the interface. Continuity, in this respect, is limited to the energy of coherent interaction with an electron. Quantization leads to a new quantum---the hybridon. The electron-hybridon interaction is described for intrasubband and intersubband scattering in an infinitely deep quantum well. Intrasubband scattering rates are close to those derived using the Huang-Zhu model for the LO2 guided mode. The contribution from IP modes is contained within the hybrids. It is emphasized that pure IP modes do not exist in GaAs. As a result of the lack of interface modes the intrasubband rate approaches zero as the well narrows. The intersubband rate is also calculated.

46 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the relativistic particle and energy densities for a set of fermions submitted to a scalar field and to the time-like component of a four-vector field are derived in the Wigner-Kirkwood and Thomas-Fermi mean field theories, including gradient corrections up to order ħ2.

33 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two calculations are presented that clarify how the density profile equilibrates near the liquid-vapor critical point and show that in one dimension the slowest mode of this equation relaxes at a rate four times faster than that predicted by the older, usual equation of heat transfer.
Abstract: A phase shift for de Broglie waves due to the action of a scalar potential in an otherwise field-free (ie, force-free) region of space is known as the scalar Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect Unlike the more familiar AB effect due to the magnetic vector potential, the scalar effect has hitherto remained unverified due, presumably, to technical difficulties in electron interferometry We have performed an analogous interferometric experiment with thermal neutrons subject to pulsed magnetic fields The observations were carried out at the University of Missouri Research Reactor using a skew-symmetric perfect-silicon-crystal neutron interferometer The expected phase shifts have been observed to a high degree of accuracy A detailed description of the experiment and its interpretation is given in this paper

33 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider anisotropic model universes with a homogeneous self-interacting scalar field with exponential potential and find exact solutions of the Einstein equations for homogeneous Bianchi III and VI cosmologies.
Abstract: The authors consider some anisotropic model universes filled with a homogeneous self-interacting scalar field with exponential potential (V approximately ealpha phi ). Specifically, by assuming power law behaviour for the scale factors they are able to find exact solutions of Einstein equations for homogeneous Bianchi III and VI cosmologies. They compare the behaviour of these models with that of flat and open FRW solutions with similar scalar fields and show that neither of the obtained anisotropic solutions inflate.

32 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
02 May 1993
TL;DR: The artificial vector potential is used to construct a navigation control that can drive a manipulator to a target set while avoiding undesired regions in the workspace.
Abstract: The artificial vector potential is used to construct a navigation control that can drive a manipulator to a target set while avoiding undesired regions in the workspace. It is shown that a vector potential field can better navigate a robot than a scalar potential field. The strategy that is suggested for constructing the navigation control is very flexible in the sense that it allows the addition or deletion of obstacles with minimal adjustment to the control. An efficient technique for generating the navigation field in the N-D space is proposed. Simulation results are provided. >

31 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
13 Apr 1993
TL;DR: Using edge elements, it is possible to solve directly for the vector magnetic field in the conducting material of a time-harmonic eddy-current problem, and for a magnetic scalar potential in the nonconducting regions as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Using edge elements, it is possible to solve directly for the vector magnetic field in the conducting material of a time-harmonic eddy-current problem, and for a magnetic scalar potential in the nonconducting regions. This is the H- phi method. Edge elements also allow the magnetic field, H, to be split into the gradient of a scalar potential, and another, rotational part. This is the T- Omega method. The H- phi and T- Omega methods provide the same answers. However, the matrix equation obtained from T- Omega is better conditioned at low frequencies, and can be solved more efficiently. >

23 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the electrokinematics theorem has been extended to any type of electromagnetic field and to quasi-relativistic quantum mechanics, in the case of many-particle systems for which, moreover, the probability current density is suitably computed.
Abstract: A recent electrokinematics theorem leads to a general equation that, through an arbitrary irrotational fieldF, connects the motion of the electric-charge carriers, the internal potential and the dielectric properties of a physical system with its external currents, voltages and powers. It has been proved for quasi-electrostatic fields,i.e. when the vector potential may be disregarded, and on the basis of classical mechanics. Here the theorem is extended to any type of electromagnetic field and to quasi-relativistic quantum mechanics, in the case of many-particle systems for which, moreover, the probability current density is suitably computed. The new equation so obtained, throughF, connects the external currents again with the internal electric permittivity and the scalar potential, in the same way as in the preceding approach, and with the carrier velocity that, however, has to be computed according to quantum mechanics. Moreover, it contains two new contributions, one deriving from the vector potential and the other from a current density arising from the electron spin. By means of proper choices ofF, new expressions of the external currents of the system are determined as functions of the motion of its internal carriers. In particular, the electrokinematics theorem is exploited to compute the output current in two-terminal nanoelectronic devices in which, owing to the small sizes, quantum effects cannot be disregarded. Finally, such results, when they are applied to the double-barrier tunnelling structures, allow us to show the splitting of the electron pulse into two uncorrelated pulses, and as a consequence, to obtain a possible shot noise suppression, up to fifty per cent of the full shot noise.

20 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a heavy fermion field in SU(N) is added to the strong coupling phase of the induced QCD to solve the ZN symmetry breaking problem, and the model can still be solved exactly by the Riemann-Hilbert method for arbitrary number of flavors.
Abstract: The problems with the ZN symmetry breaking in the induced QCD are analyzed. We compute the Wilson loops in the strong coupling phase, but we do not find the ZN symmetry breaking, for arbitrary potential. We suggest to bypass this problem by adding to the model a heavy fermion field in a fundamental representation of SU(N). Remarkably, the model can still be solved exactly by the Riemann-Hilbert method, for arbitrary number of flavors, Nf. At Nf≪N→∞ there is a new regime, with two vacuum densities. The ZN symmetry breaking density satisfies the linear integral equation, with the kernel, depending on the old density. The symmetry breaking requires certain eigenvalue condition, which takes some extra parameter adjustment of the scalar potential.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The implications of complementarity on two-path neutron interferences and on separated-oscillatoryBeld resonances are discussed.
Abstract: The implications of complementarity on two-path neutron interferences and on separated-oscillatoryBeld resonances are discussed. The studies are extensions of those by Furry and Ramsey [Phys. Rev. 118, 623 (1960)] on two-path electron interferences which showed that an apparatus used to determine the electron path introduces uncertainties in the scalar and vector potentials which in turn disturb the phase of the electron wave function so much through the Aharonov-Bohm effects [Phys. Rev. 115, 485 (1959)] that the interference fringes disappear

Book ChapterDOI
Asao Arai1
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: A supersymmetric extension of a class of quantum scalar field theories is constructed in this paper in an abstract form, and a family of super-symmetric extensions of a subclass of scalar fields can be found in this paper.
Abstract: A family of supersymmetric extensions of a class of quantum scalar field theories is constructed in an abstract form.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the occurence of zeros of A (2→n) amplitudes at threshold in scalar theories in all space-time dimensions, d⩾1.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the scalar field sector of the Kazakov-Migdal model of induced QCD is analyzed and the existence of critical behavior in the model when the action is Gaussian is shown.
Abstract: We analyze the scalar field sector of the Kazakov-Migdal model of induced QCD. We present a detailed description of the simplest one-dimensional (d=1) model which supports the hypothesis of wide applicability of the mean-field approximation for the scalar fields and the existence of critical behavior in the model when the scalar action is Gaussian. Despite the occurrence of various nontrivial types of critical behavior in the d=1 model as N→∞, only the conventional large N limit is relevant for its continuum limit. We also give a mean-field analysis of the N=2 model in anyd and show that a saddle point always exists in the region . In d=1 it exhibits critical behavior as . However when d>1 there is no critical behavior unless non-Gaussian terms are added to the scalar field action. We argue that similar behavior should occur for any finite N thus providing a simple explanation of a recent result of D. Gross. We show that critical behavior at d>1 and can be obtained by adding a logarithmic term to the scalar potential. This is equivalent to a local modification of the integration measure in the original Kazakov—Migdal model. Experience from previous studies of the Generalized Kontsevich Model implies that, unlike the inclusion of higher powers in the potential, this minor modification should not substantially alter the behavior of the Gaussian model.

01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe an automatic scheme which has been imple- mented in the 3D eddy current package MEGA, cuts are generated allowing multiply connected EDD current problems to be solved.
Abstract: Modelling non-conductors with the magnetic scalar potential is a very popular ap- proach to 3D eddy current problems. However, cuts are required if the magnetic scalar region is multiply connected. The manual definition of some cuts can be difficult even for experienced users of FE codes. This paper describes a com- pletely automatic scheme which has been imple- mented in the 3D eddy current package MEGA, cuts are generated allowing multiply connected eddy current problems to be solved.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new expression of the output current of cylindrical two-terminal devices was derived, which is applied to a few elementary cases relevant to a single particle, namely the drift and spin currents of a free electron and of an electron in a uniform and constant magnetic field.
Abstract: A preceding quantum-electrokinematics theorem obtained directly from the equations of Maxwell and of Schrodinger-Pauli, connects, by means of an arbitrary irrotational vector fieldF the wave function of a many-particle system, the internal scalar and vector potentials and the electric permittivity, with the current density and scalar potential, or voltage, on the surface of the system itself. In particular it shows the role of the current due to the particle spin. By means of proper choices ofF, it can be used to find old and new relations and results which, in general, would be harder to get by other methods. In the present work the theorem is used to compute a new expression of the output current of cylindrical two-terminal devices which, in its turn, is applied to a few elementary cases relevant to a single particle. They concern bounded systems, in stationary state, and the drift and spin currents, in non-stationary states, of a free electron and of an electron in a uniform and constant magnetic field. We obtain that a bounded electron cannot induce current at the output terminals and that, in more general terms, the results given by the new approach in the case of «small» sizes of the system, are very different from those obtained by means of the classical electrodynamics, whereas, as has to happen according to the classical limit principle, they tend to coincide for «great» sizes of the system itself. So, a not well-defined value of the spin component along the motion axis of a free electron generates a time-dependent fluctuation of the current proportional to its steady value. In the presence of a homogenous magnetic field, rather, the electron spin and its not well-defined value can generate steady and time-dependent contributions of the current, respectively. We also find that the spin acts on the current partition between two contiguous surfaces. The proposed applications, even they are elementary, can have interest because many phenomena in many-particle systems can be reduced to deal with the motion of a single particle.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The relativistic hypervirial and Hellmann-Feynman theorems for the Klein-Gordon (KG) equation are used to construct Rayleigh-Schroedinger (RS) perturbation expansions to arbitrary order.
Abstract: The relativistic hypervirial and Hellmann-Feynman theorems for the Klein-Gordon (KG) equation are used to construct Rayleigh-Schroedinger (RS) perturbation expansions to arbitrary order. The method is applied to the KG equation for a particle in an attractive Coulomb-type vector potential with perturbing vector or scalar potentials of the form [lambda][ital r][sup [ital k]], [ital k]=1,2, . . . . In the scalar case, such potentials are confining and the RS expansions exhibit Stieltjes behavior for [ital k][ge]1 and Pade summability for [ital k]=1,2.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the surface of a superconductor can be interpreted as a first order gradiometer, and that the superconducting surface deflects noise from distant sources.
Abstract: Electric currents in the vicinity of a superconductor induce surface currents which contribute to the complete expression for the magnetic field. The solution can be written in terms of a magnetic scalar potential that satisfies the Neumann condition at the superconducting boundary. A sensing coil whose axis is normal to the surface detects a field component which is the sum of these direct and induced current contributions. As a result of this imaging effect, a single coil acts like a first order gradiometer. Furthermore, it can be shown that the surface deflects noise from distant sources. An experimental verification of the properties of the superconductor surface imaging discussed here is presented. The primary application of the principles considered here will be the sensing of extremely weak magnetic fields, such as those encountered in magnetoencephalography, nondestructive evaluation, and corrosion analysis. >

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors considered the free interface oscillations in the radiation gauge for which the scalar potential is zero and the vector potential is transverse (O = 0, ⊇.A = 0).
Abstract: The interface optical-phonon modes and their interaction with electrons in layered semiconductor structures are considered. In a canonical theory where retardation effects are retained from the outset, the theory leads naturally to the quantization of the free interface oscillations in the radiation gauge for which the scalar potential is zero and the vector potential is transverse (O=0, ⊇.A=0). The description is thus entirely in terms of a Transverse vector potential A ⊥ which satisfies ⊇.A ⊥=0 everywhere, except at the interfaces where, as usual, only boundary conditions apply. The interaction between the two subsystems (electrons and interface modes) is the well-known minimal-coupling Hamiltonian which is in the form eA ⊥.p/m *

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a unified formulation in the spatial network expression for both the vector potential and the scalar potential fields by using the Lorentz gauge condition including loss term.
Abstract: In the analysis of electromagnetic fields, the vector potential has important roles especially when sources exist and quantum effects occur. We have recently proposed a new numerical method for vector analysis of three-dimensional electromagnetic fields in the time domain. This is known as the Spatial Network Method (SNM). I have already shown that SNM can be expanded to the vector potential fields with Coulomb's gauge condition by using not only the magnetic vector potential but also the electric vector potential. In this article, the unified formulation in the spatial network expression for both the vector potential and the scalar potential fields is proposed by using the Lorentz gauge condition including loss term. In the formulation, new “F” and “F*” variables are defined to utilize the correspondence between the electromagnetic scalar potential and the velocity potential in the acoustic field. As an example, the difference of internal magnetic fields in the substance with perfect conductivity or perfect diamagnetism in the scalar magnetic field is simulated. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors extend Dirac's "extensible model of the electron" to include spin and family, and describe spin-1 2 "electron" by four world-manifold scalar fields.

Journal ArticleDOI
Vidyut Jain1
TL;DR: In this article, the leading and next-to-leading corrections to the finite-temperature scalar potential for a (3+1)-dimensional o 4 theory using a systematic 1 N expansion were computed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the problem of defining Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics for a particle moving on a quantum plane was examined, and two different differential calculi on $TQ,p} were constructed.
Abstract: We examine the problem of defining Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics for a particle moving on a quantum plane $Q_{q,p}$. For Lagrangian mechanics, we first define a tangent quantum plane $TQ_{q,p}$ spanned by noncommuting particle coordinates and velocities. Using techniques similar to those of Wess and Zumino, we construct two different differential calculi on $TQ_{q,p}$. These two differential calculi can in principle give rise to two different particle dynamics, starting from a single Lagrangian. For Hamiltonian mechanics, we define a phase space $T^*Q_{q,p}$ spanned by noncommuting particle coordinates and momenta. The commutation relations for the momenta can be determined only after knowing their functional dependence on coordinates and velocities. Thus these commutation relations, as well as the differential calculus on $T^*Q_{q,p}$, depend on the initial choice of Lagrangian. We obtain the deformed Hamilton's equations of motion and the deformed Poisson brackets, and their definitions also depend on our initial choice of Lagrangian. We illustrate these ideas for two sample Lagrangians. The first system we examine corresponds to that of a nonrelativistic particle in a scalar potential. The other Lagrangian we consider is first order in time derivatives

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the evolution of the probability distribution P(χ, χ, t) associated with an inhomogenous light scalar field χ in the Robertson-Walker Universe, where the inhomogeneties are produced by quantum fluctuations during an earlier inflationary epoch, was studied.

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a general method for determining the constraints of the symmetry group G φ of a multipole on its harmonic potentials is given in the context of group theory.
Abstract: Publisher Summary The group theory presents a powerful mathematical tool to treat symmetries. To discuss the constraints of the complicate symmetries on harmonic potentials of the multipole, the rigorous and powerful method of group theory can be utilized. This chapter introduces the M function for a multipole and the types of the symmetry group G φ . Some important theorems, for example, theorem about the constraint relations among the m th partial harmonic potentials determined by a symmetry transformation of the M function are described in the chapter. The symmetry transformation of the M function for a multipole induced by a symmetry transformation of the multipole is derived in the chapter. The electric potential is a scalar field and the magnetic scalar potential is a pseudoscalar field. Furthermore, under reflection the behavior of a magnetostatic multipole is more complicated than that of an electrostatic multipole and the conclusions and arguments of proofs for the two cases are quite different. Therefore, the chapter discusses the electrostatic multipole and the magnetostatic multipole. A general method for determining the constraints of the symmetry group G φ of a multipole on its harmonic potentials is given in the chapter.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the evolution of the probability distribution associated with an inhomogeneous light scalar field in the Robertson-Walker universe was studied, where the inhomogeneities are produced by quantum fluctuations during an earlier inflationary epoch.
Abstract: We consider the evolution of the probability distribution $\pp (\chi ,\chib, \t)$, associated with an inhomogeneous light scalar field $\chi$ in the Robertson-Walker Universe, where the inhomogeneities are produced by quantum fluctuations during an earlier inflationary epoch. For a specific choice of scalar potential which occurs in models of so called late-time phase transitions in which domain walls are produced, $\pp$ is shown to evolve from a Gaussian to a non-Gaussian distribution. The structure of the latter justifies the recent use of 3-dimensional percolation theory to describe the initial distribution of domain walls in these models.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the vector potential and the eikonal vector potential are computed from the multipole expansion of the magnetic scalar potential, and a simple form is adopted by choosing a suitable gauge.
Abstract: The eikonal method of charged particle optics requires a multipole expansion of the magnetic vector potential. A procedure is outlined which allows a direct computation of the vector potential from the multipole expansion of the magnetic scalar potential. It is shown how the vector potential and the eikonal adopt a simple form by choosing a suitable gauge.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the Aharonov-Bohm effect is due to the contribution of the transverse part of the vector potential and therefore should not be influenced by any gauge transformations.
Abstract: The vector potential in electrodynamics is investigated through the decomposition of its form to the following two parts: 1) the so-called transverse part represented by a divergenceless vector; and 2) the longitudinal part represented by an irrotational vector. The decomposition can be done by the Helmholtz theorem in the vector analysis because the conditions which should be required when the Helmholtz theorem is used are satisfied for the almost vector potentials of physically interesting problems. As an example of such interesting problems, the Aharonov-Bohm effect is chosen here. As for the Aharonov-Bohm effect, the vector potential given in the original paper of Aharonov and Bohm has the singularities along the z-axis. It is shown that even for such a singular potential the Helmholtz theorem is held provided that the concept of the distribution is introduced in it. Generally, the transverse part of the vector potential obtained through such a decomposition is determined uniquely by the magnetic field and does not alter by a gauge transformation. On the other hand, the longitudinal part depends on the choice of special gauge. It is shown that the Aharonov-Bohm effect is due to the contribution of the transverse part of the vector potential and therefore should not be influenced by any gauge transformations.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a magnetic scalar potential (MSPP) formulation to model permanent magnet volumes is introduced, which is suited for use in coupled vector-scalar magnetic potential (CMVP-MSP) 3-D-FE computations of large-scale magnetic field problems in electric machinery and devices.
Abstract: A magnetic scalar potential (MSP) formulation to model permanent magnet volumes is introduced This formulation is suited for use in coupled vector-scalar magnetic potential (CMVP-MSP) 3-D-FE computations of large-scale magnetic field problems in electric machinery and devices A new approach for direct calculation of armature winding flux linkages and associated induced emfs, from 3-D-FE solutions, using stored energy and excitation function perturbation techniques, is introduced A case-study permanent magnet brushless DC machine is used to demonstrate the utility of this method >