Scalar potential

About: Scalar potential is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3642 publications have been published within this topic receiving 78868 citations. The topic is also known as: potential.

QCD, relativistic flux tubes, and potential models.

Abstract: Relativistic spin-independent corrections to the confinement of heavy quarks are examined. A comparison is made between QCD, a QCD-motivated model, and the predictions of scalar confinement. We find that a linearly confining Lorentz-scalar potential is inconsistent with QCD but that the relativistic flux-tube model is consistent with QCD. The relativistic corrections are identified with the rotational energy of the flux tube.

Propagation of waves on a wire above a lossy ground-different formulations with approximations

Abstract: The characteristics of wave propagation guided by a single wire suspended in air above a lossy ground is studied with special regard to the distinction between the quantities: scalar potential, scalar potential to ground difference, and voltage to ground with their closed-form approximations of the correction terms. The propagation constant of the fundamental mode is addressed as is the difference in characteristic impedance depending on the formulation. The paper advocates the use of the magnetic vector potential together with the electric scalar potential and the complete solution for these in air and ground is given.

A finite-element analysis of critical-state models for type-II superconductivity in 3D

Abstract: We consider the numerical analysis of evolution variational inequalities which are derived from Maxwell's equations coupled with a nonlinear constitutive relation between the electric field and the current density and governing the magnetic field around a type-II bulk superconductor located in 3D space. The nonlinear Ohm's law is formulated using the subdifferential of a convex energy so the theory is applied to the Bean critical-state model, a power law model and an extended Bean critical-state model. The magnetic field in the nonconducting region is expressed as a gradient of a magnetic Scalar potential in order to handle the curl-free constraint. The variational inequalities ate discretized in time implicitly and in space by Nedelec's curl-conforming finite element of lowest order. The honsmooth energies are smoothed with a regularization parameter so that the fully discrete problem is a system of nonlinear algebraic equations at each time step. We prove various convergence results. Some numerical simulations under a uniform external magnetic field are presented.

Infrared limit of quantum gravity

Abstract: We explore the infrared limit of quantum gravity in the presence of a cosmological constant or effective potential for scalar fields For a positive effective scalar potential, one-loop perturbation theory around flat space is divergent due to an instability of the graviton propagator Functional renormalization solves this problem by a flow of couplings avoiding instabilities This leads to a graviton barrier limiting the maximal growth of the effective potential for large values of scalar fields In the presence of this barrier, variable gravity with a field dependent Planck mass can solve the cosmological constant problem by a cosmological runaway solution We discuss the naturalness of tiny values of the cosmological constant and cosmon mass due to a strong attraction towards an infrared fixed point