Topic
Scalar potential
About: Scalar potential is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3642 publications have been published within this topic receiving 78868 citations. The topic is also known as: potential.
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TL;DR: A generalized Fick-Jacobs approach is developed leading to an effective one-dimensional description involving the potential of mean force in the transport of Brownian particles through a corrugated channel caused by a force field containing curl-free and divergence-free parts.
Abstract: We study the transport of Brownian particles through a corrugated channel caused by a force field containing curl-free (scalar potential) and divergence-free (vector potential) parts. We develop a generalized Fick-Jacobs approach leading to an effective one-dimensional description involving the potential of mean force. As an application, the interplay of a pressure-driven flow and an oppositely oriented constant bias is considered. We show that for certain parameters, the particle diffusion is significantly suppressed via the property of hydrodynamically enforced entropic particle trapping.
62 citations
TL;DR: It turns out that in the general case the dynamical system possesses three Noether symmetries and when the potential of the scalar field is constant an additional, fourth symmetry appears, and in this case the Dynamical equations can be explicitly integrated.
Abstract: We study the dynamics of a homogeneous, anisotropic, spatially flat universe filled with a scalar field minimally coupled to gravity. It turns out that in the general case the dynamical system possesses three Noether symmetries and when the potential of the scalar field is constant an additional, fourth symmetry appears. In this case the dynamical equations can be explicitly integrated. We study the properties of this class of solutions. For the generic potential anisotropy prevents early inflation, but inflation may appear at a later stage when anisotropy becomes much weaker.
62 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the phase shift of the electron wave traveling through the interior of a ring is uniform and constant independent of the radius of the ring for a very low applied voltage, which can be used as a constant phase shifter for electron interferometry.
62 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented numerical simulations of passive scalar mixing in homogeneous, incompressible turbulent flows, which were generated via the Linear Eddy Model (LEM) and Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of turbulent flows under a variety of different conditions.
Abstract: Results are presented of numerical simulations of passive scalar mixing in homogeneous, incompressible turbulent flows. These results are generated via the Linear Eddy Model (LEM) and Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of turbulent flows under a variety of different conditions. The nature of mixing and its response to the turbulence field is examined and the single-point probability density function (p.d.f.) of the scalar amplitude and the p.d.f.s of the scalar spatial-derivatives are constructed. It is shown that both Gaussian and exponential scalar p.d.f.s emerge depending on the parameters of the simulations and the initial conditions of the scalar field. Aided by the analyses of data, several reasons are identified for the non-Gaussian behaviour of the scalar amplitude. In particular, two mechanisms are identified for causing exponential p.d.f.s: (i) a non-uniform action of advection on the large and the small scalar scales, (ii) the nonlinear interaction of the scalar and the velocity fluctuations at small scales. In the absence of a constant non-zero mean scalar gradient, the behaviour of the scalar p.d.f. is very sensitive to the initial conditions. In the presence of this gradient, an exponential p.d.f. is not sustained regardless of initial conditions. The numerical results pertaining to the small-scale intermittency (non-Gaussian scalar derivatives) are in accord with laboratory experimental results. The statistics of the scalar derivatives and those of the velocity-scalar fluctuations are also in accord with laboratory measured results.
62 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the scalar field, warp factor and energy density of a braneworld with generalized gravity were derived for the case where the brane may split, engendering internal structure, with the splitting caused by the same parameter that controls deviation from standard gravity.
62 citations