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Schizotypy

About: Schizotypy is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2037 publications have been published within this topic receiving 76873 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The SPQ was found to have high sampling validity, high internal reliability, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and criterion validity, findings which were replicated across samples, and may be useful in screening for schizotypal personality disorder in the general population and also in researching the correlates of individual schizotypesal traits.
Abstract: Existing self-report measures of schizotypal personality assess only one to three of the nine traits of schizotypal personality disorder. This study describes the development of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), a self-report scale modeled on DSM-III-R criteria for schizotypal personality disorder and containing subscales for all nine schizotypal traits. Two samples of normal subjects (w •= 302 and n = 195) were used to test replicability of findings. The SPQ was found to have high sampling validity, high internal reliability (0.91), test-retest reliability (0.82), convergent validity (0.59 to 0.81), discriminant validity, and criterion validity (0.63, 0.68), findings which were replicated across samples. Fifty-five percent of subjects scoring in the top 10 percent of SPQ scores had a clinical diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder. Thus, the SPQ may be useful in screening for schizotypal personality disorder in the general population and also in researching the correlates of individual schizotypal traits.

1,980 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There is evidence, however, that transitory developmental expression of psychosis (psychosis proneness) may become abnormally persistent and subsequently clinically relevant (impairment), depending on the degree of environmental risk the person is additionally exposed to.
Abstract: A systematic review of all reported incidence and prevalence studies of population rates of subclinical psychotic experiences reveals a median prevalence rate of around 5% and a median incidence rate of around 3%. A meta-analysis of risk factors reveals associations with developmental stage, child and adult social adversity, psychoactive drug use, and also male sex and migrant status. The small difference between prevalence and incidence rates, together with data from follow-up studies, indicates that approximately 75-90% of developmental psychotic experiences are transitory and disappear over time. There is evidence, however, that transitory developmental expression of psychosis (psychosis proneness) may become abnormally persistent (persistence) and subsequently clinically relevant (impairment), depending on the degree of environmental risk the person is additionally exposed to. The psychosis proneness-persistence-impairment model considers genetic background factors impacting on a broadly distributed and transitory population expression of psychosis during development, poor prognosis of which, in terms of persistence and clinical need, is predicted by environmental exposure interacting with genetic risk.

1,946 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: While I have not until recently begun any systematic research efforts on this baffling disorder, I felt that to share with you some of my thoughts, based though they are upon clinical impressions in the context of selected research by others, might be an acceptable use of this occasion.
Abstract: IN the course of the last decade, while spending several thousand hours in the practice of intensive psychotherapy, I have treated— sometimes unknowingly except in retrospect—a considerable number of schizoid and schizophrenic patients. Like all clinicians, I have formed some theoretical opinions as a result of these experiences. While I have not until recently begun any systematic research efforts on this baffling disorder, I felt that to share with you some of my thoughts, based though they are upon clinical impressions in the context of selected research by others, might be an acceptable use of this occasion. Let me begin by putting a question which I find is almost never answered correctly by our clinical students on PhD orals, and the answer to which they seem to dislike when it is offered. Suppose that you were required to write down a procedure for selecting an individual from the population who would be diagnosed as schizophrenic by a psychiatric staff; you have to wager $1,000 on being right; you may not include in your selection procedure any behavioral fact, such as a symptom or trait, manifested by the individual. What would you write down? So far as I have been able to ascertain, there is only one thing you could write down that would give you a better than even chance of winning such a bet—namely, \"Find an individual X who has a schizophrenic identical twin.\" Admittedly, there are many other facts which would raise your odds somewhat above the low base rate of schizophrenia. You might, for example, identify X by first finding mothers who have certain unhealthy child-rearing attitudes; you might enter a subpopulation defined jointly by such demographic variables as age, size of community, religion, ethnic background, or social class. But these would leave you with a pretty unfair wager, as would the rule, \"Find an X who has a fraternal twin, of the same sex, diagnosed as

1,924 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The predictive validities of several indicators of psychosis proneness were evaluated in a 10-year longitudinal study and high scorers on the Perceptual Aberration Scale, Magical Ideation Scale, or both exceeded control subjects on psychoses, psychotic relatives, schizotypal symptoms, and psychoticlike experiences at follow up.
Abstract: The predictive validities of several indicators of psychosis proneness were evaluated in a 10-year longitudinal study (N = 508). As hypothesized, high scorers on the Perceptual Aberration Scale, Magical Ideation Scale, or both (n = 182), especially those who initially reported psychoticlike experiences of at least moderate deviance, exceeded control subjects (n = 153) on psychoses (revised 3rd edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), psychotic relatives, schizotypal symptoms, and psychoticlike experiences at follow up. Ss who initially scored high on the Magical Ideation Scale and above the mean on the Social Anhedonia Scale were especially deviant. The Physical Anhedonia Scale and the Impulsive Nonconformity Scale were not effective predictors of psychosis proneness.

996 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202364
2022190
2021105
2020111
2019110
2018116