Scintillation

About: Scintillation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 14022 publications have been published within this topic receiving 187694 citations.

Scintillation studies of Bi 4 Ge 3 O 12 (BGO) down to a temperature of 6 K

Abstract: The scintillation light response and the decay time constant of Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) were measured down to a temperature of 6 K using a multi-photon counting technique. The light response of BGO was confirmed to be temperature independent below 100 K and an estimate of the light yield was made, giving a value of 23,700±2600 ph/MeV. The temperature dependence of the scintillation decay time constant is interpreted using a simple three-level model for the emission centre which agrees well with the experimental data over the temperature range investigated.

Decay time and pulse shape discrimination of liquid scintillators based on novel solvents

Abstract: Over the past few years the liquid scintillation technique employed for particle detection applications has undergone a significant technological breakthrough with the introduction of novel solvents tailored to address the concerns about toxicity, flammability and disposal problems associated with the scintillators of traditional formulation. The increasing popularity of the new solvents in the realization of experimental set-ups of various degrees of size and complexity implies the need of a thorough study and characterization of the features of the corresponding scintillation mixtures, with the aim to approach eventually a level of understanding similar to that, very accurate, achieved throughout many years of research for the scintillators realized with conventional solvents. In this general context, aim of this work is to illustrate the results of the fluorescence decay time and pulse shape discrimination measurements carried out on a set of scintillation mixtures realized using two of such novel solvents, i.e., linear alkylbenzene (LAB) and di-isopropylnaphthalene (DIN). The measurements have been performed either under particle or UV excitation of the scintillating solutions, which permitted to unravel the features both of the fast component and of the long tail forming the entire scintillation pulse. Moreover, the particle characterization via β or α excitation allows also predicting the α⧸β pulse shape discrimination capability of the mixtures, a property of paramount significance for applications focused on the increasingly important field of low background detectors.

Scintillation Spectrometers for Measuring the Total Energy of X‐Ray Photons

Abstract: X‐ray spectrometers are described that operate on the principle of totally absorbing the energy of an individual x‐ray photon in a scintillator. Experiments with scintillators of xylene containing terphenyl, and of sodium iodide activated by thallium, show that detection efficiencies better than 80 percent and energy resolutions better than 10 percent are attainable in the x‐ray energy range from ½ to 50 Mev. Monte Carlo calculations and crude scaling laws that simplify extrapolations to other size scintillators are discussed.

Production of the high-quality CdWO4 single crystals for application in CT and radiometric monitoring

Abstract: Effects of the intrinsic and dopant-induced defects in cadmium tungstate (CWO) crystals upon their luminescence and functional characteristics have been studied It has been shown that oxygen vacancies and complexes with trivalent dopants lead to formation of deep charge carrier traps that are responsible for afterglow in the millisecond range These defects also give rise to color centers that cause absorption in the intrinsic emission band, thus worsening scintillation parameters of the crystals On the basis of the results obtained, an improved technological process has been developed, ensuring stable technological yield of high-quality crystals This allowed development of scintillation elements for computer tomography with afterglow of less than 100 ppm after 20 ms and light yield of not less than 19 500 photon/MeV Ways and advantages of the use of high-quality CWO crystals in scintillation detectors and spectrometric detection blocks are discussed

Non-proportional scintillation response of NaI:Tl to low energy X-ray photons and electrons

Abstract: Non-proportional response of the scintillation yield of NaI:Tl was measured using highly monochromatic synchrotron irradiation ranging from 9 to 100 keV. Special attention is paid to the X-ray escape peaks. They provide us additional information about non-proportional response in the range 0.9 to 12 keV. A rapid variation of the non-proportional response curve is observed near the Iodine K-electron binding energy. A dense sampling of data is performed around this energy and that data are used to apply a method, which we call K-dip spectroscopy. This method allows us to derive the electron response curve of NaI:Tl down to energies as low as 30 eV. A comparison of our data with data of others employing different methods is made. Advantages, limitations and peculiarities of presented techniques and methods are discussed.