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Scintillation
About: Scintillation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 14022 publications have been published within this topic receiving 187694 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a laboratory-simulated free-space optical link under various turbulence levels is implemented to propose and experimentally demonstrate the use of saturated optical amplifiers as a simple and efficient approach for suppression of scintillation due to atmospheric turbulence.
Abstract: A laboratory-simulated free-space optical link under various turbulence levels is implemented to propose and experimentally demonstrate the use of saturated optical amplifiers as a simple and efficient approach for suppression of scintillation due to atmospheric turbulence. The use of erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) or semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) requires the received signal be coupled into a fiber. The system performance of receiver structures employing a saturated EDFA and a SOA (in saturation and conversion modes) are measured and compared to that of fiberless direct detection (DD). It is shown that in higher turbulence levels, where no data transmission can be achieved by DD, remarkable eye opening results when using saturated amplifiers
100 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the role of Vk centers and self trapped excitons (STEs) in the energy transfer from the ionization track to Ce3+ is treated.
Abstract: Last couple of years witnessed the development of various new Ce3+ doped halide scintillators (LaCl3, LaBr3, LuI3, Cs2LiYCl6, Cs2LiYBr6) that possess excellent gamma ray or thermal neutron detection properties. The scintillation pulse in LaBr3:Ce3+ is 20 times faster than in the most commonly used scintillator NaI:Tl. This, combined with a more then two times better energy resolution and higher gamma ray stopping power, makes it ideally suited for many different applications. In this work the scintillation properties and mechanisms of Ce3+ doped inorganic halide (Cl, Br, I) compounds are reviewed; especially the role of Vk centers and self trapped excitons (STEs) in the energy transfer from the ionization track to Ce3+ is treated. Aspects of the lifetime and thermal stability of the self trapped exciton, the migration speed of Vk centers and STEs, spectral overlap between STE emission and Ce3+ absorption, and the influence of the type of anion (Cl, Br, I) are addressed. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
100 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, secondary scintillation, generated within the holes of a gas electron multiplier (THGEM) immersed in liquid argon, has been observed and measured using a silicon photomultiplier device (SiPM).
Abstract: For the first time secondary scintillation, generated within the holes of a thick gas electron multiplier (THGEM) immersed in liquid argon, has been observed and measured using a silicon photomultiplier device (SiPM). 250 electron-ion pairs, generated in liquid argon via the interaction of a 5.9 keV Fe-55 gamma source, were drifted under the influence of a 2.5 kV/cm field towards a 1.5 mm thickness THGEM, the local field sufficiently high to generate secondary scintillation light within the liquid as the charge traversed the central region of the THGEM hole. The resulting VUV light was incident on an immersed SiPM device coated in the waveshifter tetraphenyl butadiene (TPB), the emission spectrum peaked at 460 nm in the high quantum efficiency region of the device. For a SiPM over-voltage of 1 V, a THGEM voltage of 9.91 kV, and a drift field of 2.5 kV/cm, a total of 62±20 photoelectrons were produced at the SiPM device per Fe-55 event, corresponding to an estimated gain of 150±66 photoelectrons per drifted electron.
100 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between scintillation and ionospheric irregularities, characteristics of the equatorial and high-latitude irregularities in the context of space weather, and the application of alternative methods of data analysis, which provide a new insight into local properties of irregularities.
100 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that organic–inorganic layered perovskite-type compounds are promising scintillator for gamma-ray detection.
Abstract: We investigated scintillation properties of organic–inorganic layered perovskite-type compounds under gamma-ray and X-ray irradiation. A crystal of the hybrid compounds with phenethyl amine (17 × 23 × 4 mm) was successfully fabricated by the poor-solvent diffusion method. The bulk sample showed superior scintillation properties with notably high light yield (14,000 photons per MeV) under gamma-rays and very fast decay time (11 ns). The light yield was about 1.4 time higher than that of common inorganic material (GSO:Ce) confirmed under 137Cs and 57Co gamma-rays. In fact, the scintillation light yield was the highest among the organic–inorganic hybrid scintillators. Moreover, it is suggested that the light yield of the crystal was proportional with the gamma-ray energy across 122–662 keV. In addition, the scintillation from the crystal had a lifetime of 11 ns which was much faster than that of GSO:Ce (48 ns) under X-ray irradiation. These results suggest that organic–inorganic layered perovskite-type compounds are promising scintillator for gamma-ray detection.
100 citations