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Scintillation

About: Scintillation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 14022 publications have been published within this topic receiving 187694 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a statistical method to predict tropospheric amplitude scintillation parameters along Earth-space microwave links from meteorological data is proposed, based on measurements of surface temperature and relative humidity.
Abstract: A statistical method to predict tropospheric amplitude scintillation parameters along Earth-space microwave links from meteorological data is proposed. The evaluation of the mean value and the variance of the refractive-index structure constant and of the scintillation power (i.e. the variance of the log-amplitude fluctuations of the received electromagnetic field) is carried out from conventional radio-sounding measurements. A large radio-sounding data set, collected in Northern Italy over ten years is utilized to simulate clear-air amplitude scintillation variance at microwaves and millimeter-waves on slant paths. Scintillation statistics of interest for link-budget design are also derived from the radio-sounding data set for short and long-term applications. Scintillation prediction formulas, based on measurements of surface temperature and relative humidity, are also derived and regression coefficient tables are given on an hourly and a monthly basis. Comparisons of short-term and long-term prediction results with Olympus down-link measurements at 19.8 GHz are shown and discussed. A model investigation about the statistical correlation between scintillation power and brightness temperature is performed, deriving an extension of the estimation methods to include integrated water vapor measurements from ground-based microwave radiometers.

92 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a simple model of modification of electrons scattering and e-h pairs thermalization for the mixed crystals is proposed, which leads to the conclusion that scintillation efficiency improvement by mixed crystal use can play an important role in the search and development of new scintillators.
Abstract: Analysis of the last years theoretical studies and track simulations to conclusion that primary stages (electron scattering and e-h thermalization) play the key role in the following scintillator efficiency. The long thermalization length comparing to Onsager radius is the main reason for geminate pair concentration decrease and later luminescence losses. The easiest way for thermalization length decrease is the scintillation crystal doping or even transfer to the mixed crystals (solid solution). The simple model of modification of electrons scattering and e-h pairs thermalization for the mixed crystals is proposed. It is shown that solid solutions have higher light output independently on the crystal type. Analysis of experimental data confirmed this conclusion. This phenomenon is found for halide, oxide and sulfates scintillators. The similar behavior is typical for mixed anion and/or cation systems. The key role of initial track formation stages is illustrated by the same trend for activated scintillators and pure crystal with intrinsic luminescence. These estimations and experimental data lead to the conclusion that the scintillation efficiency improvement by mixed crystal use can play an important role in the search and development of new scintillators.

92 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: A computer-based scintillation camera has been designed for both dynamic and static radionuclide studies, and is being used for 133Xe dynamic studies of regional cerebral blood flow in man and for 99mTc and 197 Hg static imaging of the brain.
Abstract: A computer-based scintillation camera has been designed for both dynamic and static radionuclide studies. The detecting head has 254 independent sodium iodide crystals, each with a photomultiplier and amplifier. In dynamic measurements simultaneous events can be recorded, and 1 million total counts per second can be accommodated with less than 0.5% loss in any one channel. This corresponds to a calculated deadtime of 5 nsec. The multidetector camera is being used for 133Xe dynamic studies of regional cerebral blood flow in man and for 99mTc and 197 Hg static imaging of the brain.

92 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A two-dimensional halide perovskite-based beta-ray scintillator with high irradiation hardness and thermotolerance and overcomes the notorious intrinsic water instability, and benefits from low-cost aqueous synthesis along with superior waterproofness, thus paving the way towards practical application.
Abstract: Ensuring nuclear safety has become of great significance as nuclear power is playing an increasingly important role in supplying worldwide electricity. β-ray monitoring is a crucial method, but commercial organic scintillators for β-ray detection suffer from high temperature failure and irradiation damage. Here, we report a type of β-ray scintillator with good thermotolerance and irradiation hardness based on a two-dimensional halide perovskite. Comprehensive composition engineering and doping are carried out with the rationale elaborated. Consequently, effective β-ray scintillation is obtained, the scintillator shows satisfactory thermal quenching and high decomposition temperature, no functionality decay or hysteresis is observed after an accumulated radiation dose of 10 kGy (dose rate 0.67 kGy h-1). Besides, the two-dimensional halide perovskite β-ray scintillator also overcomes the notorious intrinsic water instability, and benefits from low-cost aqueous synthesis along with superior waterproofness, thus paving the way towards practical application.

92 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the results obtained in cross-section measurements on liquid scintillator targets, especially on 12 C which is the most relevant target in these organic materials, have been deduced from the cross-sections determined at two muon energies 100 and 190 GeV.

92 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023429
2022972
2021405
2020521
2019561
2018566