Topic
Scrap
About: Scrap is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 9920 publications have been published within this topic receiving 68593 citations. The topic is also known as: scrap iron.
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TL;DR: Although primary and secondary recycling schemes are well established and widely applied, it is concluded that many of the PSW tertiary and quaternary treatment schemes appear to be robust and worthy of additional investigation.
1,672 citations
TL;DR: The current range of approaches to electric-vehicle lithium-ion battery recycling and re-use are outlined, areas for future progress are highlighted, and processes for dismantling and recycling lithium-ions from scrap electric vehicles are outlined.
Abstract: Rapid growth in the market for electric vehicles is imperative, to meet global targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, to improve air quality in urban centres and to meet the needs of consumers, with whom electric vehicles are increasingly popular. However, growing numbers of electric vehicles present a serious waste-management challenge for recyclers at end-of-life. Nevertheless, spent batteries may also present an opportunity as manufacturers require access to strategic elements and critical materials for key components in electric-vehicle manufacture: recycled lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles could provide a valuable secondary source of materials. Here we outline and evaluate the current range of approaches to electric-vehicle lithium-ion battery recycling and re-use, and highlight areas for future progress. Processes for dismantling and recycling lithium-ion battery packs from scrap electric vehicles are outlined.
1,333 citations
TL;DR: The concrete industry is known to leave an enormous environmental footprint on Planet Earth as discussed by the authors, which contributes to the general appearance that concrete is not particularly environmentally friendly or compatible with the demands of sustainable development.
Abstract: The concrete industry is known to leave an enormous environmental footprint on Planet Earth. First, there are the sheer volumes of material needed to produce the billions of tons of concrete worldwide each year. Then there are the CO2 emissions caused during the production of Portland cement. Together with the energy requirements, water consumption and generation of construction and demolition waste, these factors contribute to the general appearance that concrete is not particularly environmentally friendly or compatible with the demands of sustainable development. This paper summarizes recent developments to improve the situation. Foremost is the increasing use of cementitious materials that can serve as partial substitutes for Portland cement, in particular those materials that are by-products of industrial processes, such as fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag. But also the substitution of various recycled materials for aggregate has made significant progress worldwide, thereby reducing the need to quarry virgin aggregates. The most important ones among these are recycled concrete aggregate, post-consumer glass, scrap tires, plastics, and by-products of the paper and other industries.
1,120 citations
TL;DR: The technologies for recycling thermoset composite materials are reviewed in this article, where the prospects for commercially successful composites recycling operations are considered and a new initiative within the European composites industry to stimulate recycling is described.
Abstract: The technologies for recycling thermoset composite materials are reviewed. Mechanical recycling techniques involve the use of grinding techniques to comminute the scrap material and produce recyclate products in different size ranges suitable for reuse as fillers or partial reinforcement in new composite material. Thermal recycling processes involve the use of heat to break the scrap composite down and a range of processes are described in which there are various degrees of energy and material recovery. The prospects for commercially successful composites recycling operations are considered and a new initiative within the European composites industry to stimulate recycling is described.
913 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-stage process based on oxidative acid leaching of base metals (Cu in particular) was proposed for the hydrometallurgical treatment of WEEE.
591 citations