Showing papers on "Sea breeze published in 1976"
TL;DR: In this article, a two-dimensional primitive equation model is constructed and used to investigate the circulations induced by differential heating in the vicinity of a land-locked semi-infinite body of water.
Abstract: A two-dimensional primitive equation model is constructed and used to investigate the circulations induced by differential heating in the vicinity of a land-locked semi-infinite body of water. The semi-empirical boundary-layer formulation of Clarke is used with an expanding σ grid of 15 vertical levels. Surface temperature is computed by means of a heat-flux balance equation and a radiation condition is used at the lateral boundaries. For purposes of comparison, one run was also made with reflective boundary conditions and it was found that the two solutions differ significantly only when the sea-breeze front is in the vicinity of a lateral boundary. The model reproduces the vast sea breezes of Australia, some of which have been observed to penetrate distances of 200–300 km inland. This feature of the model is attributed to the detailed boundary-layer formulation, in which the momentum and heat exchange coefficients are expressed as functions of stability and wind shear at all levels, and also to...
71 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that the observed difference in the intensities of sea and land breezes arises primarily from the diurnal variation of the stratification and the related variation of eddy diffusion coefficients.
Abstract: It is postulated that the observed difference in the intensities of sea and land breezes arises primarily from the diurnal variation of the stratification and the related variation of the eddy diffusion coefficients. Such time-varying properties of the medium are expected to give rise to a temporally asymmetrical circulation even when the surface forcing is symmetrical. This hypothesis is tested with a very basic sea breeze model that explicitly incorporates those physical processes mentioned above. The results demonstrate that the above hypothesis is valid, With the use of representative values for the parameters, the model yields a circulation that has a time-varying intensity and structure quite similar to those of observed sea and land breezes at different times of the day. The quantitative effects of the following important model parameters are also investigated: the relative phase angle between the forcing function and the stratification, and the magnitude as well as the x~ertical profile o...
51 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, surface and upper wind observations on three days at each of three sites in northwestern Saudi Arabia were found that the sea breeze could extend at least 225 km inland at an average speed of 6.7 m sec between 1445 and 2300.
Abstract: Using surface and upper wind observations on three days at each of three sites in northwestern Saudi Arabia it was found that the sea breeze could extend at least 225 km inland at an average speed of 6.7 m sec ?1 between 1445 and 2300. At 25 km inland both the on-shore component and the off-shore return flow above it were about 1.2 km deep. At this site two increases in dew point, separated by about two hours, followed the arrival of the sea breeze and may have represented the arrival of air with a mostly land track followed by air with a mostly sea track. An unexplained fall in dew point immediately preceded the arrival of the sea breeze on six out of 11 days. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1976.tb00679.x
28 citations
Dissertation•
01 Jan 1976
20 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the EML mesoscale model was used to simulate the sea breeze circulation over South Florida with its modification of the thermal and moisture structure of the synoptic air mass.
Abstract: The EML mesoscale model developed by Pielke (1974) was used to simulate the sea breeze circulation over South Florida with its modification of the thermal and moisture structure of the synoptic air mass over South Florida. The numerical experiment was performed for a case study day (16 May 1968) during which extensive cloud observations were performed. To examine the response of the cumulus scale, the one-dimensional time-dependent cumulus model developed by Cotton (1975) was initiated with the theoretical soundings predicted by the mesoscale model, along with cloud scales and cloud areal coverage observed on the case study day. The mesoscale model results demonstrated that the sea breeze over South Florida alters the synoptic environment by 1) substantially perturbing the vertical thermodynamic profile, 2) increasing the depth of the planetary boundary layer, 3) inducing larger surface fluxes of momentum, heat, and moisture, 4) changing the vertical shear of the horizontal wind in lower levels o...
18 citations
TL;DR: Tetroon trajectories within the Los Angeles Basin in the autumn of 1973 show that, on non-stagnation days, air located in Los Angeles area in the morning can pass over the Puente Hills and reach the San Bernardino-Riverside area by mid-afternoon of the same day However, the enhanced vertical mixing associated with these Hills would be expected to dilute any pollution present as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Tetroon trajectories within the Los Angeles Basin in the autumn of 1973 show that, on non-stagnation days, air located in the Los Angeles area in the morning can pass over the Puente Hills and reach the San Bernardino-Riverside area by mid-afternoon of the same day However, the enhanced vertical mixing associated with these Hills would be expected to dilute any pollution present Of perhaps more importance is the evidence that, on stagnation days when the atmosphere is stable, air from the Los Angeles area may drift southward in the early morning katabatic flow, stagnate for 2–3 h in the industrialized and high vehicle-density region north of Long Beach, and then move rapidly eastward with the sea breeze flow through Santa Ana Canyon, reaching the Riverside-San Bernardino area in late afternoon In this case there would seem to be more potential for severe pollution in the latter area However, the frequency of occurrence of this particular trajectory pattern is uncertain
9 citations
01 Jan 1976
TL;DR: In this article, a numerical model is presented that was used to examine the development of mesoscale airborne pollutant distributions during the evolution of sea-breeze circulations.
Abstract: A numerical model is presented that was used to examine the development of mesoscale airborne pollutant distributions during the evolution of sea-breeze circulations. Observational studies which have examined the effect of lake/sea-breeze flows on mesoscale pollutant distributions were conducted for a Chicago lake breeze event and for sea-breeze flows over Long Island. The observational studies showed that lake/sea-breeze circulations have a pronounced influence on the mesoscale distribution of pollutants. The general effect appears to be that of material being transported aloft in the ascending air within the lake/sea-breeze front or convergence zone and lake or seaward by the upper return flow layer. Also, descending air in the return flow layer may recirculate material back into the inflow layer over a period of several hours, in a manner suggested by the helical trajectory observed with an optically-tracked tetroon balloon. (CH)
7 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a particular phenomenon observed on an acoustic sounder record is interpreted as being associated with the passing of a land breeze front, and a simple physical explanation of the frontal movements is suggested.
Abstract: A particular phenomenon observed on an acoustic sounder record is analyzed, and is interpreted as being associated with the passing of a land breeze front. A simple physical explanation of the frontal movements is suggested. The actual existence of the land breeze is demonstrated by examination of conventional meteorological observations.
5 citations
4 citations
01 Feb 1976
TL;DR: In this paper, meteorological soundings representative of the atmospheric environment at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida and Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, are presented, including fall, spring, and a sea breeze, and at Vandenberg air force base (sea breeze with low and high level inversion and stationary upper level troughs) are listed.
Abstract: Meteorological soundings representative of the atmospheric environment at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida and Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, are presented. Synthetic meteorological soundings at Kennedy Space Center, including fall, spring, and a sea breeze, and at Vandenberg Air Force Base (sea breeze with low and high level inversion and stationary upper level troughs) are shown. Soundings of frontal passages are listed. The Titan launch soundings at Kennedy Space Center present a wide range of meteorological conditions, both seasonal and time of day variations. The meteorological data input of altitude, wind speed, wind direction, temperature, and pressure may be used as meteorological inputs for the NASA/MSFC Multilayer Diffusion Model or other models to obtain quantitative estimates of effluent concentrations associated with the potential emission of major combustion products in the lower atmosphere to simulate actual launches of space vehicles. The Titan launch soundings are also of value in terms of rocket effluent measurements for analysis purposes.
4 citations
01 Jan 1976
01 Jan 1976
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of sea breeze circulations on air pollutant distributions was examined and preliminary results of a numerical study of the effect on air pollution distributions were examined, showing that sea/lake breeze-flows may increase the air pollution burden of a region through a recirculation of contaminants, and affect other locales with an along-shore displacement of the recirculating pollutants.
Abstract: Field studies in coastal locations led to the observation that sea/lake breeze-flows may increase the air pollutant burden of a region through a recirculation of contaminants, and affect other locales with an along-shore displacement of the recirculating pollutants. Preliminary results of a numerical study of the effect of sea breeze circulations on air pollutant distributions are examined.