Showing papers on "Sea breeze published in 1979"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that the negative correlation between surface convergence and area-averaged rainfall occurs as a result of significantly less surface convergence in the late afternoon and early evening on those days with considerable rainfall.
Abstract: Computations of peninsula-scale convergence in southern Florida reveal that daily-averaged surface convergence on sea-breeze days with relatively little rainfall is larger than on days with widespread rain. This negative correlation between surface convergence and area-averaged rainfall occurs as a result of significantly less surface convergence in the late afternoon and early evening on those days with considerable rainfall. The decrease in sea-breeze convergence during the late afternoon of the days with extensive rainfall is apparently a consequence of the downdrafts and thunderstorm-generated circus cloud cover produced by the deep convection that forms in the sea-breeze convergence zones. Before the typical midafternoon maximum of deep convection on sea-breeze days, there is no significant difference between the surface convergence averaged for days with widespread rain and for days with little rain. Important differences are observed, however, in the middle troposphere, where the sea-breez...
45 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the properties of complex propagating nonlinear tropospheric disturbances observed near Tennant Creek in the arid interior of the Northern Territory of Australia have been investigated, and it is shown that the evolutionary behavior of these disturbances is governed by the Benjamin-Ono equation.
Abstract: This paper is concerned with the properties of complex propagating nonlinear tropospheric disturbances observed near Tennant Creek in the arid interior of the Northern Territory of Australia. Many of these unusual atmospheric disturbances resemble the well-known internal undular surges observed in the oceans and in inland stratified bodies of water. A description is presented of a wide variety of observations of solitary-wave-dominated evolving density intrusions, and it is shown that many of the features of these unique disturbances are in qualitative agreement with the predictions of nonlinear dispersive wave theory. In particular, it is shown that the evolutionary behavior of these disturbances is governed by the Benjamin-Ono equation and that intrusive motions of this type play an important role in the generation of boundary layer solitary atmospheric waves. Existing experimental evidence indicates that these disturbances originate primarily in the interaction of katabatic flows, propagating sea breeze vortices, and ‘morning glory’ phenomena with the stably stratified nocturnal radiation inversion.
37 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a time-dependent, two-dimensional numerical model is constructed by coupling a four-layer atmosphere to a two-layer ocean through fluxes of heat and momentum, and the model ocean reproduces several features commonly observed in coastal upwelling regimes, including an equatorward surface jet, a poleward undercurrent, and a region of low sea surface temperatures near the coast.
Abstract: A time-dependent, two-dimensional numerical model is constructed by coupling a four-layer atmosphere to a two-layer ocean through fluxes of heat and momentum. Idealized experiments are performed to investigate the oceanic response to sea breeze forcing, changes induced in the sea breeze by coastal upwelling, and air-sea feedback during periods of active coastal upwelling. This problem is motivated by the fact that the time scale of the coastal upwelling response is short compared to most oceanic response times and is comparable to the sea breeze time scale. When forced with a longshore wind stress, the model ocean reproduces several features commonly observed in coastal upwelling regimes, including an equatorward surface jet, a poleward undercurrent, and a region of low sea surface temperatures near the coast. For the cases considered here, the sea breeze contributes significantly to the mean longshore wind stress and, consequently, plays a role in driving the coastal upwelling circulation. It al...
32 citations
TL;DR: The average flow over northern Israel in July has been analyzed and discussed in this article, where three-hourly maps of the flow were obtained and discussed, showing that the synoptic pressure distribution is relatively invariable in this period and that the flow changes mainly through the action of mesoscale and microscale processes.
Abstract: The average flow over northern Israel in July has been analyzed. Three-hourly maps of the flow were obtained and discussed. The synoptic pressure distribution is relatively invariable in this period. Therefore, the flow changes mainly through the action of mesoscale and microscale processes. The land-sea temperature differences and the topography are the main factors which influence the flow. The effects of topography are anticyclonic curvature of the flow as it passes the mountains; downslope flow during the night; creation of convergence zones during the morning due to differential heating of the ground; and the absence of a sea breeze “front.” Other minor influences are the land and sea breeze circulations over the Sea of Galilee and the Dead Sea, urban effects of large metropolitan areas and the geometry of the Mediterranean coast. The clutching mechanism between surface and upper air flow during early morning is suggested to explain changes in the flow direction and speed. The relative impor...
31 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the results of a field study utilizing ground-based and aircraft measurements of meteorological parameters and several air pollutants are described for two summer periods in the vicinity of Yosemite National Park, California.
Abstract: The results of a field study utilizing ground-based and aircraft measurements of meteorological parameters and several air pollutants are described for two summer periods in the vicinity of Yosemite National Park, California. These results are related to observed air quality and atmospheric circulation patterns in neighboring parts of the state and to transport by the local mountain-valley wind system. The conclusion is reached that maximum air quality degradation in the study area does not occur during persistent periods of large-scale stagnation, but occurs as the result of transport from area sources up to 200 km away by the typical extended sea breeze circulation which develops following such a period.
30 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-dimensional least squares technique was used to derive the three hourly gradient wind (above the atmospheric boundary layer) with data from surface pressure stations for simultaneous comparison to surface wind data, which indicated the average turning of the wind from above the boundary layer to the surface was 120° on sea breeze days.
Abstract: Atmospheric environmental data collected in August 1976 and 1977 along the Beaufort Sea coast of Alaska exhibited both circumstantial and direct evidence of the existence of sea breezes at 70°N latitude. To estimate the total atmospheric boundary layer turninga two-dimensional least squares technique was used to derive the three hourly gradient wind (above the atmospheric boundary layer) with data from surface pressure stations for simultaneous comparison to surface wind data. Results indicated the average turning of the wind from above the boundary layer to the surface was 120° on sea breeze days. Rotary spectra from time series data of surface winds measured at offshore and onshore sites have shown the horizontal extent of the sea breeze influence to include at least a 37 km zone centered on the coastline.
The sea breeze is largely responsible for the increased persistence of surface onshore (northeasterly and easterly) winds documented in August historical data for the Alaskan Beaufort Sea coast.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a computer program takes subjectively analyzed observed and estimated u and v components of the wind for a 24-hour period, calculates vertical motions, and then estimates the trajectory of any particle(s) released within the coastal zone.
Abstract: Data from a mesoscale wind analysis of a vigorous lake/land breeze circulation on 4 September 1974 along the western shoreline of Lake Michigan are available. A computer program takes subjectively analyzed observed and estimated u and v components of the wind for a 24 h period, calculates vertical motions, and then estimates the trajectory of any particle(s) released within the coastal zone. The computed three-dimensional trajectories are presented using computer graphics displays. They reveal highly complex transport processes for aerosols released from typical line and multistack point sources. Aerosol recirculation and size sorting can be found within the lake breeze cell.
16 citations
TL;DR: Anemometer records from five levels on a 151 m meteorological tower have been analyzed in this paper, showing an approximate elliptical clockwise diurnal oscillation of the sea breeze component of the wind.
Abstract: Anemometer records from five levels on a 151 m meteorological tower have been analyzed. Results show an approximate elliptical clockwise diurnal oscillation of the sea breeze component of the wind. The oscillation amplitude increases with height; it is largest in May and smallest in January.
9 citations
TL;DR: The large horizontal heating gradients that exist near the edge of the Martian polar caps during spring are shown to be capable of exciting large oscillations in the diurnal tide as discussed by the authors.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a mathematical model that can simulate land and sea breezes in coastal areas, based on the primitive equations for the planetary boundary layer with the hydrostatic approximation, with appropriate initial and boundary conditions obtained from interpolation of observational data.
5 citations
01 Jun 1979
TL;DR: In this paper, it is stated that comments submitted by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection are appreciated and are centainly pertinent to the problems of air pollution transport in coastal zones However, from the general thrust of the comments we fell that they may have missed the primary intent of the article.
Abstract: It is stated that comments submitted by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection are appreciated and are centainly pertinent to the problems of air pollution transport in coastal zones However, from the general thrust of the comments we fell that they may have missed the primary intent of the article. The atmospheric transport of pollutants in coastal regions is indeed a very complex problem and it is not inferred that these complex systems can be explained by a single simple model. The suggested sea breeze mechanism is certainly one that must be considered. The model suggested by the State of New Jersey for Norfolk Airport pollution from the Norfolk sources through the simple sea breeze mechanism is a realistic concept but would be confined to a limited number of cases in the Hampton Roads area. That is, if the horizontal scale of the pollution area and the location of the Norfolk International Airport is considered, the Norfolk source pollutants which affect the Airport would rise over the metropolitan region, be transported to sea by the upper level return component of the sea breeze circulation, and then descend offshore to be carried back inland by the low level onshore component.more » With respect to a sloshing mechanism by which pollutants are carried out to sea and back again by reversing land and sea breezes during the day and night, this mechanism is not applicable in the Hampton Roads are for two reasons. The temperature differences between land and water are small at night, and there is practically no return land breeze during the night in this area. Since there is no major basin or range of hills in the area to trap stable air, the lateral boundaries of local circulation systems are open and hence the sloshing effect which is common in other areas is not as significant in Tidewater.« less
TL;DR: In this article, surface measurements of windspeed, direction, and ozone concentration collected at Wallops Island, Virginia, during the summers of 1977 and 1978 are analyzed to study the effects of the dominant mesoscale sea breeze circulation on the local photochemical oxidant levels.
Abstract: Surface measurements of windspeed, direction, and ozone concentration collected at Wallops Island, Virginia, during the summers of 1977 and 1978 are analyzed to study the effects of the dominant mesoscale sea breeze circulation on the local photochemical oxidant levels. A bimodality in the atmospheric dynamics is linked to systematic variations in ozone concentration. It is concluded that during certain phases of the two circulation modes, increased wind speed reduces the resistance of the earth's surface to the deposition of ozone, and decreased ozone concentration levels result. For other phases, light winds occur, signifying high resistance to deposition and high ozone levels. This modulation by the local dynamics is a major impediment for pollutant studies in coastal environments, especially those centering on transport, because it tends to mask other processes that may be occurring.