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Sea breeze
About: Sea breeze is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2544 publications have been published within this topic receiving 55651 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the surface patterns of island-scale convergence and divergence, especially in relation to the diurnal modulation of island thunderstorm activity, and produced an indicative climatology of the Melville and Bathurst Island sea breeze (obtained during a three week period of the 1988 transition season).
Abstract: The “maritime continent” area to the north of Australia is one of three major global centres of tropical convective activity and has a fundamental role in the general circulation of the atmosphere. Tropical convection within this region is dominated by island thunderstorm activity which is strongly diurnally modulated, is deep and is geographically fixed. The storms over Bathurst and Melville Islands (11.5°S, 131°E) are representative of island thunderstorms that occur throughout the maritime continent and are believed to be primarily a response to sea breeze convergence. In this paper, we produce an indicative climatology of the Melville and Bathurst Island sea breeze (obtained during a three week period of the 1988 transition season), and we examine the surface patterns of island-scale convergence and divergence, especially in relation to the diurnal modulation of island thunderstorm activity. These observations are placed in the context of the broadscale environment and the relevant surface energy balance and radiation regimes.
17 citations
TL;DR: In this article, three-dimensional numerical simulations of unsteady gravity currents, in the absence of orography, provide some insight into the factors affecting the evolution of cold air surges, including differential friction between land and sea; boundary-layer heating over land and the magnitude of the large-scale offshore wind.
Abstract: Observations of intense, dry summertime cold fronts in southeast Australia provide evidence for frontal deformation (cold air surges) in the coastal region well to the west of the main mountain range. This compares with the severe deformation that occurs when such cold fronts, known as Southerly Busters, interact with the mountains to the east. Three-dimensional numerical simulations of unsteady gravity currents, in the absence of orography, provide some insight into the factors affecting the evolution of cold air surges, including differential friction between land and sea; boundary-layer heating over land and the magnitude of the large-scale offshore wind. The latter affects, in turn, the presence of an internal boundary layer of cool air in the prefrontal region over the sea and a sea breeze over land. Depending upon the magnitude of the offshore wind a preferred region of enhanced vertical motion occurs just ahead of the gravity-current front, and within about 200 km of the coastline. This ca...
17 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the sensitivity of a high-resolution mesoscale atmospheric model in the model reproduction of thermally induced local wind (i.e., sea breezes, SB) on the development of deep convection (Cb) was investigated.
Abstract: This study investigates the sensitivity of a high-resolution mesoscale atmospheric model in the model reproduction of thermally induced local wind (i.e., sea breezes, SB) on the development of deep convection (Cb). The three chosen cases are simulated by the Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF-ARW) model at three (nested) model domains, whereas the area of the interest is Istria (peninsula in the northeastern Adriatic). The sensitivity tests are accomplished by modifying (1) the model setup, (2) the model topography and (3) the sea surface temperature (SST) distribution. The first set of simulations (over the three 1.5-day periods during summer) is conducted by modifying the model setup, i.e., microphysics and the boundary layer parameterizations. The same events are simulated with the modified topography where the mountain heights in Istria are reduced to 30% of their initial height. The SST distribution has two representations in the model: a constant SST field from the ECMWF skin temperature analysis and a varying SST field, which is provided by hourly geostationary satellite data. A comprehensive set of numerical experiments is statistically analyzed through several different approaches (i.e., the standard statistical measures, the spectral method and the image moment analysis). The overall model evaluation of each model setup revealed certain advantages of one model setup over the others. The numerical tests with the modified topography showed the influence of reducing the mountains heights on the pre-thunderstorm characteristics due to: (1) decrease of sensible heat flux and mid-tropospheric moisture and (2) change of slope-SB wind system. They consequently affect the evolution and dimensions of SBs and the features of the thunderstorm itself: timing, location and intensity (weaker storm). The implementation of the varying SST field in the model have an impact on the characteristics and dynamics of the SB and finally on the accuracy of Cb evolution, duration and the intensity. SST variations emphasized the importance of the phase matching in both daytime cycles of SB and Cb due to their extremely strong nonlinear relationship.
17 citations
TL;DR: Ozone concentrations were measured in Tel-Aviv during 1975 as mentioned in this paper, and high concentrations were found in Sharav days when there was a low morning mixing layer, a high pressure system located east of Israel and a low over Libya and Egypt.
17 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the UHI magnitude and its association with the main meteorological parameters (i.e., temperature, wind speed, and wind direction) in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Abstract: The impact that climate change and urbanization are having on the thermal-energy balance of the built environment is a major environmental concern today Urban heat island (UHI) is another phenomenon that can raise the temperature in cities This study aims to examine the UHI magnitude and its association with the main meteorological parameters (ie, temperature, wind speed, and wind direction) in Dubai, United Arab Emirates Five years of hourly weather data (2014–2018) obtained from weather stations located in an urban, suburban, and rural area, were post-processed by means of a clustering technique Six clusters characterized by different ranges of wind directions were analyzed The analysis reveals that UHI is affected by the synoptic weather conditions (ie, sea breeze and hot air coming from the desert) and is larger at night In the urban area, air temperature and night-time UHI intensity, averaged on the five year period, are 13 °C and 33 °C higher with respect to the rural area, respectively, and the UHI and air temperature are independent of each other only when the wind comes from the desert A negative and inverse correlation was found between the UHI and wind speed for all the wind directions, except for the northern wind where no correlation was observed In the suburban area, the UHI and both temperatures and wind speed ranged between the strong and a weak negative correlation considering all the wind directions, while a strong negative correlation was observed in the rural area This paper concludes that UHI intensity is strongly associated with local climatic parameters and to the changes in wind direction
17 citations