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Sea breeze

About: Sea breeze is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2544 publications have been published within this topic receiving 55651 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the spatial structure and temporal characteristics of sea breeze and the associated coastal ocean response in the northwest Gulf of Mexico are investigated using moored instruments, hydrographic stations, and wind measurements.
Abstract: The spatial structure and temporal characteristics of sea breeze and the associated coastal ocean response in the northwest Gulf of Mexico are investigated using moored instruments, hydrographic stations, and wind measurements. Near the study area of 30°N, motions in the diurnal–inertial band (DIB) may be significantly enhanced by a near-resonant condition between local inertial and diurnal forcing frequencies. Wavelet analysis is used to quantify the results. Results indicate that diurnal sea-breeze variability peaks in summer and extends at least 300 km offshore with continuous seaward phase propagation. The maximum DIB oceanic response occurs in June when there is a shallow mixed layer, strong stratification, and an approximately 10-day period of continuous sea-breeze forcing. DIB current variance decreases in July and August as the consequence of the deepening of the mixed layer and a more variable phase relationship between the wind and current. River discharge varies interannually and can s...

66 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, two extreme heat events impacting the New York City (NYC), New York metropolitan region during 7-10 June and 21-24 July 2011 are examined in detail using a combination of models and observations.
Abstract: Two extreme heat events impacting the New York City (NYC), New York, metropolitan region during 7–10 June and 21–24 July 2011 are examined in detail using a combination of models and observations. The U.S. Navy's Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) produces real-time forecasts across the region on a 1-km resolution grid and employs an urban canopy parameterization to account for the influence of the city on the atmosphere. Forecasts from the National Weather Service's 12-km resolution North American Mesoscale (NAM) implementation of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model are also examined. The accuracy of the forecasts is evaluated using a land- and coastline-based observation network. Observed temperatures reached 39°C or more at central urban sites over several days and remained high overnight due to urban heat island (UHI) effects, with a typical nighttime urban–rural temperature difference of 4°–5°C. Examining model performance broadly over both heat events ...

65 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, time series and shipboard observations of hydrography and current velocity were used to describe the motion of the Maipo River plume, in central Chile, and its influence on inner shelf hydrographic conditions.
Abstract: Time series and shipboard observations of hydrography and current velocity were used to describe the motion of the Maipo River plume, in central Chile, and its influence on inner shelf hydrographic conditions. Observations showed fundamental seasonal changes in the forcing of the plume as recorded by hourly coastal salinities at a location 12 km upstream (in the Kelvin wave sense) of the river mouth. During austral fall–winter, synoptic-scale rainfall pulses modulated river discharge and coastal salinity variations. In contrast, during spring–summer river discharge changed little, but coastal salinity showed a clear diurnal cycle associated with sea breezes. The lowest coastal salinity was observed with daily regularity, between 17:00 and 22:00 hours (local time), at the end of the onshore phase of the sea breeze. Salinity increased as the breeze relaxed or reversed direction. Spatial variability of the plume, as determined from shipboard surveys, indicated that low salinities were persistently shallower than 10 m during spring–summer. The thickness of the Maipo River plume characterized it as “surface-advected”, which allowed a relatively rapid response to diurnal variations in wind stress. During autumn–winter, the earth's rotation may influence the spatial distribution of the plume in the absence of strong onshore wind, as observed from shipboard measurements and satellite images. This constitutes one of the few studies to date that document diurnal switching of a river plume caused by wind forcing and the consequences of such diurnal switching on inner shelf hydrography.

65 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the vertical structure of the sea breeze with the accompanying return current at the North Sea coast in the Netherlands for three sea-breeze cases was investigated using data from a wind profiler.
Abstract: Data from a wind profiler are used to investigate the vertical structure of the sea breeze with the accompanying return current at the North Sea coast in the Netherlands for three sea-breeze cases. In one of the cases, with a very weak and constant background flow, the return current mass flux approximately compensates for the sea-breeze mass flux. To study the sea breeze with the accompanying return current, a simple two-dimensional mesoscale model is constructed. It is found that the sea breeze as well as the return current of the three cases in this study are simulated well by the model. In the case mentioned above, the model indicates an overcompensation of the sea breeze by the return current. It is found that the latter is a function of the initial vertical temperature profile and the depth of the boundary layer, and that it can be as much as 30%. The overcompensation is balanced by a mass flow (in the sea-breeze direction) at a larger height (“return–return current”). As such, a three-laye...

65 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a severe air pollution episode occurred over much of the western part of Hong Kong between 28 and 30 December 1999, and multiple analyses were made to understand the cause of this episode; first, the main emission source of the pollution episode was identified using remote sensing techniques from satellite pictures and was located about 100 km to the northeast of HK.
Abstract: [1] A severe air pollution episode occurred over much of the western part of Hong Kong (HK) between 28 and 30 December 1999. In this study, multiple analyses were made to understand the cause of this episode; first, the main emission source of the pollution episode was identified using remote sensing techniques from satellite pictures and was located about 100 km to the northeast of HK. Second, analyses were made on PM10 chemical species characterization in four air quality monitor stations (AQMSs), and a high concentration of potassium ions (K+) on the episode days indicates the significant impact of biomass burning. The ratio of elemental carbon and organic carbon values in two western AQMSs indicated that regional transport, rather than the local vehicle emission and power plant, played an important role in this episode. This result is in contrast with the early finding by H. Liu and J. C. L. Chan that this pollution episode is solely due to local sources. Third, to study the transport, diffusion, and trapping of pollutants during this air pollution episode, two numerical models were coupled in this study: a three-dimensional mesoscale meteorological model MM5 and a three-dimensional Lagrangian particle dispersion model. With the help of the Lagrangian dispersion model we show that this severe air pollution event was associated with transport of pollutants over HK within the boundary layer. These pollutants were subsequently brought down to the surface by the local land-sea breeze circulation and trapped over the western part of HK during the day by the same land-sea breeze.

65 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202382
2022190
2021101
202087
201978
201877