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Sea breeze

About: Sea breeze is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2544 publications have been published within this topic receiving 55651 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used data from the world's first satellite-based precipitation radar (PR) aboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and ground-based rain gauges to quantify rainfall anomalies that they hypothesize to be linked to extensive urbanization in the Houston area.
Abstract: There is increasing evidence that large coastal cities, like Houston, Texas, can influence weather through complex urban land use- weather-climate feedbacks. Recent work in the literature establishes the ex- istence of enhanced lightning activity over and downwind of Houston. Since lightning is a signature of convection in the atmosphere, it would seem rea- sonable that urbanized Houston would also impact the distribution of rainfall. This paper presents results using data from the world's first satellite-based precipitation radar (PR) aboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and ground-based rain gauges to quantify rainfall anomalies that we hypothesize to be linked to extensive urbanization in the Houston area. It is one of the first rigorous efforts to quantify an urban-induced rainfall anomaly near a major U.S. coastal city and one of the first applications of space-borne radar data to the problem. Quantitative results reveal the presence of annual and warm season rainfall anomalies over and downwind of Houston. Several hypotheses have surfaced to explain how the sea breeze, coastline curvature,

256 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) and further diagnoses of the control run described in Part II, to explore the late night and morning convection over coastal waters throughout the Tropics.
Abstract: Afternoon/evening near-coastal convection over land is easily understood as a response to solar heating of the land, turbulent transfer of heat and moisture to the boundary layer, and lifting of air by vigorous sea-breeze fronts. Subtler processes apparently underlie the late night and morning convection that is prevalent over coastal waters throughout the Tropics. Sensitivity tests using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5), and further diagnoses of the control run described in Part II, are used to explore these processes. Prior studies have speculated that “land-breeze” circulations, analogous but opposite to the sea breeze, drive offshore convection at night. However, nighttime radiative cooling of land and the associated thermal breezes are much weaker than the corresponding daytime processes, especially under humid tropical skies. Analysis of model mean soundings reveals that modest (fractions of a degree Celsius) temperature changes near the 800-hPa ...

248 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-dimensional nonlinear numerical model has been used to examine the effects of the ambient wind on the development of characteristic features of the sea breeze, including the maximum shoreward velocity component (both total and as a perturbation from the large-scale flow) anywhere in the simulation domain.
Abstract: A two-dimensional nonlinear numerical model has been used to examine the effects of the ambient wind on the development of characteristic features of the sea breeze. The specific features that were examined were the maximum shoreward velocity component (both total and as a perturbation from the large-scale flow) anywhere in the simulation domain, the inland penetration of the sea breeze, the depth of the inflow layer at the coastline, the maximum vertical velocity anywhere in the domain, the maximum potential-temperature gradient anywhere in the domain, and the surface heat flux. Thirty-one simulators were performed, with large-scale geostrophic winds ranging from onshore (i.e., supporting) flow of 15 m s−1 to offshore (i.e., opposing) flow of 15 m s−1, at 1 m s−1 intervals. The results indicated that the sea-breeze perturbation was suppressed for onshore large-scale flow of a few meters per second or more. In contrast, a sea breeze was produced for opposing large-scale flow as strong as 11 m s−1...

246 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the atmospheric response is in the form of internal-inertial waves which extend to infinity along ray paths extending upward and outward from the coast, where h is the vertical scale of the heating.
Abstract: Given that the earth's atmosphere may be idealized as a rotating, stratified fluid characterized by the Coriolis parameter f and the Brunt–V¨is¨l¨ frequency N, and that the diurnal cycle of heating and cooling of the land relative to the sea acts as a stationary, oscillatory source of energy of frequency ω (=2π day−1), it follows from the linear theory of motion that where f > ω the atmospheric response is confined to within a distance Nh(f−2 – ω −2)−1/2 of the coastline, where h is the vertical scale of the heating. When f < ω, the atmospheric response is in the form of internal-inertial waves which extend to “Infinity” along ray paths extending upward and outward from the coast. Near the ground, the horizontal extent of the sea breeze is given by the horizontal wale of the dominant wave mode, Nh(ω2 – f−2)−1/2. Although these concepts are familiar from the linear theory of motion in a rotating, stratified fluid, their relevance with respect to the interpretation of linear models of the land and ...

244 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the Town Energy Budget (TEB) model to simulate the wintertime local circulation in the megacityenvironment of SaoPaulo (MASP) in Brazil.
Abstract: The Town Energy Budget (TEB) model, a detailed urban parameterisa- tion using a generalised canyon geometry, coupled with the Regional Atmospheric Modelling System (RAMS) is used to simulate the wintertime local circulation in the megacityenvironmentofthemetropolitanareaofSaoPaulo(MASP)inBrazil.Model simulations are performed using actual topography and land-use fields. Comparison with a simple urban parameterisation based on the LEAF-2 scheme is also shown. Validation is based on comparison between model simulations and observations. Sen- sitivity tests with TEB reveal an important interaction between the sea breeze and the MASP heat island circulation. Even though topography is known to play an impor- tant role in the MASP region's weather, in these tests the simulations were performed without topography in order to unambiguously identify the interaction between the two local circulations. The urban heat island (UHI) forms a strong convergence zone in the centre of the city and thereby accelerates the sea-breeze front toward the centre of the city. The presence of the urban region increases the sea-breeze front propa- gation mean speed by about 0.32ms −1 when compared with the situation of no city. After its arrival in the urban region, the sea-breeze front stalls over the centre of the city for about 2h. Subsequently, the sea breeze progresses beyond the city when the heat island dissipates. Thereafter, the sea breeze propagates beyond the urban area at a decelerated rate compared to a simulation without an UHI.

235 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202382
2022190
2021101
202087
201978
201877